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Hesperiidae

(Family)

Overview

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A skipper or skipper butterfly is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. They are named after their quick, darting flight habits. There are more than 3500 recognized species of skippers and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.1]

Description and systematics

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Plate from Biologia Centrali-Americana showing Pyrginae (3 at right center ? black and blue-brown) and Eudaminae (the others)

The Hesperiidae are placed in a monotypic superfamily Hesperioidea. This is because they form a lineage apart from other Rhopalocera (butterflies), which mostly belong to the typical butterfly superfamily Papilionoidea. The third and rather small butterfly superfamily are the moth-butterflies (Hedyloidea) which are restricted to the Neotropics. Hesperioidea is very likely the sister group of Papilionoidea, and together with Hedyloidea they constitute a natural group (clade). Collectively, these three groups of butterflies share many characteristics, especially in the egg, larval and pupal stage.[1]

However, skippers have the antennae clubs hooked backward like a crochet hook, while the typical butterflies have club-like tips to their antennae, and moth-butterflies have feathered or pectinate (comb-shaped) antennae similar to "moths". Skippers also have generally stockier bodies and larger compound eyes than the other two groups, with stronger wing muscles in the plump thorax, in this resembling many "moths" more than the other two butterfly lineages do. But unlike for example the Arctiidae, their wings are usually small in proportion to their bodies. Some have larger wings, but only rarely as large in proportion to the body as in other butterflies. When at rest, skippers keep their wings usually angled upwards or spread out, and only rarely fold them up completely.[1]

Signeta flammeata (Trapezitinae)

The wings are usually well-rounded with more or less sharply-tipped forewings. There are some with prominent hindwing tails, and others have more angled wings; the skippers' basic wing shape varies not much by comparison to Papilionoidea however. Most have a fairly drab coloration of browns and greys; some are more boldly black-and-white. Yellow, red and blue hues are less often found, but some largely brown species are quite rich-colored too. Green colors and metallic iridescence are generally absent. Sexual dichromatism is present in some; males may have a blackish streak or patch of scent scales on their forewings.[1]

Many species of skippers look frustratingly alike. For example, some species in the genera Amblyscirtes, Erynnis (duskywings) and Hesperia (branded skippers) cannot currently be distinguished in the field even by experts. The only reliable method of telling them apart involves dissection and microscopic examination of the genitalia, which have characteristic structures that prevent mating except between conspecifics.[1]

Subfamilies

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The Regent Skipper (Euschemon rafflesia) is the most distinct skipper butterfly, forming a subfamily of its own

There are about 3500 species of skippers. They are now classified in the following subfamilies:[2]

Footnotes

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  1. ^ a b c d e Ackery et al. (1999)
  2. ^ Brower & Warren (2008)
skipper or skipper butterfly is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. They are named after their quick, darting flight habits. There are more than 3500 recognized species of skippers and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.1]

Description and systematics

[ Back to top ]
Plate from Biologia Centrali-Americana showing Pyrginae (3 at right center ? black and blue-brown) and Eudaminae (the others)

The Hesperiidae are placed in a monotypic superfamily Hesperioidea. This is because they form a lineage apart from other Rhopalocera (butterflies), which mostly belong to the typical butterfly superfamily Papilionoidea. The third and rather small butterfly superfamily are the moth-butterflies (Hedyloidea) which are restricted to the Neotropics. Hesperioidea is very likely the sister group of Papilionoidea, and together with Hedyloidea they constitute a natural group (clade). Collectively, these three groups of butterflies share many characteristics, especially in the egg, larval and pupal stage.[1]

However, skippers have the antennae clubs hooked backward like a crochet hook, while the typical butterflies have club-like tips to their antennae, and moth-butterflies have feathered or pectinate (comb-shaped) antennae similar to "moths". Skippers also have generally stockier bodies and larger compound eyes than the other two groups, with stronger wing muscles in the plump thorax, in this resembling many "moths" more than the other two butterfly lineages do. But unlike for example the Arctiidae, their wings are usually small in proportion to their bodies. Some have larger wings, but only rarely as large in proportion to the body as in other butterflies. When at rest, skippers keep their wings usually angled upwards or spread out, and only rarely fold them up completely.[1]

Signeta flammeata (Trapezitinae)

The wings are usually well-rounded with more or less sharply-tipped forewings. There are some with prominent hindwing tails, and others have more angled wings; the skippers' basic wing shape varies not much by comparison to Papilionoidea however. Most have a fairly drab coloration of browns and greys; some are more boldly black-and-white. Yellow, red and blue hues are less often found, but some largely brown species are quite rich-colored too. Green colors and metallic iridescence are generally absent. Sexual dichromatism is present in some; males may have a blackish streak or patch of scent scales on their forewings.[1]

Many species of skippers look frustratingly alike. For example, some species in the genera Amblyscirtes, Erynnis (duskywings) and Hesperia (branded skippers) cannot currently be distinguished in the field even by experts. The only reliable method of telling them apart involves dissection and microscopic examination of the genitalia, which have characteristic structures that prevent mating except between conspecifics.[1]

Subfamilies

[ Back to top ]
The Regent Skipper (Euschemon rafflesia) is the most distinct skipper butterfly, forming a subfamily of its own

There are about 3500 species of skippers. They are now classified in the following subfamilies:[2]

Footnotes

[ Back to top ]
  1. ^ a b c d e Ackery et al. (1999)
  2. ^ Brower & Warren (2008)

References

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External links

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Taxonomy

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The Family Hesperiidae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Abantis

Abantis is a genus of skippers. [more]

Ablepsis

[more]

Abraximorpha

Abraximorpha is a a small Asian genus of skippers. [more]

Acada

Acada is a genus of skippers. [more]

Acerbas

Acerbas, a Tyrian priest of Hercules, who married Elissa, the daughter of king , and sister of Pygmalion. He was possessed of considerable wealth, which, knowing the avarice of Pygmalion, who had succeeded his father, he concealed in the earth. But Pygmalion, who heard of these hidden treasures, had Acerbas murdered, in hopes that through his sister he might obtain possession of them. But the prudence of Elissa saved the treasures, and she emigrated from Phoenicia. They landed and settled in North Africa, founding the city of Carthage. [more]

Achalarus

Achalarus is a genus of skippers. The species range from eastern United States to Venezuela. [more]

Achlyodes

Achlyodes is a genus of skippers. [more]

Achylodes

[more]

Acleros

Acleros is a genus of skippers. [more]

Acromecis

Acromecis is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Adlerodea

Adlerodea is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Adopaeoides

Adopaeoides is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Aecas

[more]

Aegiale

In Greek mythology, Aegiale may be: [more]

Aeromachus

Aeromachus is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. The species are known by the common name of Scrub Hoppers. [more]

Aethilla

Aethilla or Aethylla (Greek: or ??????a) was a daughter of Laomedon and sister of Priam, Astyoche, and Medesicaste. After the fall of Troy she became the prisoner of Protesilaus, who took her, together with other captives, with him on his voyage home. He landed in Thrace in order to take in fresh water. While Protesilaus had gone inland, Aethilla persuaded her fellow prisoners to set fire to the ships. This was done and all remained on the spot and founded the town of Scione. [more]

Agathymus

Agathymus is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Aguna

Agunah (Hebrew: ?, plural: agunot (??????); literally 'anchored or chained') is a halachic term for a Jewish woman who is "chained" to her marriage. The classic case of this is a man who has left on a journey and has not returned, or has gone into battle and is MIA. It also refers to a woman whose husband refuses, or is unable, to grant her an official bill of divorce, known as a get. [more]

Aides

Aides has various meanings: [more]

Alenia

Alenia Aermacchi, a Finmeccanica subsidiary, is a European aerospace company from Italy. Alenia Aermacchi owns ATR, a joint venture with EADS. The company head office is in Venegono Superiore, Varese. It also maintains offices on the property of Turin Caselle Airport in San Maurizio Canavese, Province of Turin and Pomigliano d'Arco, Province of Naples. [more]

Alera

Alera is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Allora

Allora is a town in south-western Queensland, Australia, on the Darling Downs 158 km south-west of the state capital, Brisbane. The town is in the Southern Downs Region. The township is located on the New England Highway between Warwick and Toowoomba. At the 2006 census, Allora had a population of 923. [more]

Amblyscirtes

Amblyscirtes is a genus of butterfly called skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Amenis

Amenis is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Ampittia

Ampittia is the genus of bush hoppers in the skipper butterfly family, Hesperiidae. It is presently the only member of the tribe Ampittiini, but many skipper butterflies are yet to be assigned to tribes, so this might change eventually. [more]

Anastrus

Anastrus is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Anatrytone

Anatrytone is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae widespread New World. [more]

Ancistroides

Ancistroides is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Ancyloxypha

Ancyloxypha is a genus of butterflies in the subfamily Hesperiinae. [more]

Andinus

Andinus is a theonym used in the Roman Empire to refer to a god worshipped in the area of modern-day Kacanik, once upper Moesia - Dardania. It may be related to Andis. The theonym has been classified as a Continental Celtic deity but has also been taken to be an Illyrian divine name. At any rate, the epigraphic evidence for the theonym was uncovered in the area of the ancient Dardani tribe. The name may have local origin in Dardania, during the Trajan era. The name may have some Thracian - south Pannonian - Dalmatian element. [more]

Andronymus

Andronymus is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Anisochoria

Anisochoria is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Anisynta

Anisynta is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Anisyntoides

Anisyntoides is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Ankola

Ankola (Kannada: , Konkani:??????) which is a Taluk (an administrative subdivision) is in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka state, India. A small town by any standard surrounded by numerous temples. It is in line with Arabian sea. The beaches present at this place are Baskal gudda, nadibag, shedikuli, keni, Belekeri and many more.Ankola is famous for its native breed of mango called ishaad and for cashews harvesting. [more]

Anthoptus

Anthoptus is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Antigonus

Antigonus, a Greek name meaning "comparable to his father" or "worthy of his father", may refer to: [more]

Apaustus

Apaustus is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Apostictopterus

Apostictopterus is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Appia

Adolphe Appia (born 1 September 1862 in Geneva; died 29 February 1928 in Nyon), son of Red Cross co-founder Louis Appia, was a Swiss architect and theorist of stage lighting and d?cor. [more]

Apyrrothrix

Apyrrothrix is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Ardaris

Ardaris is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. It includes two endemic species that are restricted to mountain forests and p?ramos in the cordillera de M?rida, Venezuela. [more]

Argon

Argon ( ar-gon is a chemical element represented by the symbol Ar. Argon has atomic number 18 and is the third element in group 18 of the periodic table (noble gases). Argon is the third most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0.93%, making it more common than carbon dioxide. Nearly all of this argon is radiogenic argon-40 derived from the decay of potassium-40 in the Earth's crust. In the universe, argon-36 is by far the most common argon isotope, being the preferred argon isotope produced by stellar nucleosynthesis in supernovas. [more]

Argopteron

Argopteron is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Arina

Arina is a feminine given name. [more]

Arita

Arita' is a Japanese name. It can also refer to: [more]

Arnetta

Arnetta is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. Species include: [more]

Aroma

An odor or odour (commonly referred to as a smell) is caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds, generally at a very low concentration, that humans or other animals perceive by the sense of olfaction. Odors are also commonly called scents, which can refer to both pleasant and unpleasant odors. The terms fragrance and aroma are used primarily by the food and cosmetic industry to describe a pleasant odor, and are sometimes used to refer to perfumes. In contrast, malodor, stench, reek, and stink are used specifically to describe unpleasant odors. [more]

Arotis

[more]

Arrhenes

Arrhenes is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Arteurotia

Arteurotia is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Artines

Artines is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Artitropa

Artitropa is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Asbolis

Asbolis is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Aspitha

Aspitha is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Astictopterus

Astictopterus is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Astraptes

Astraptes is the genus of flasher butterflies. They belong to the skipper butterfly subfamily Eudaminae, which was long included with the spread-winged skippers (Pyrginae) as a tribe. [more]

Atalopedes

Atalopedes is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Atarnes

Atarnes is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Atrytone

Atrytone is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Atrytonopsis

Atrytonopsis is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Augiades

Augiades is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Aurina

Aurina is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Autochton

Autochthon (from Greek a?t????? "indigenous", from a?t?- "self, same" -???? "earth, soil"), or the anglicized adjective autochthonous or abstract noun autochthony may refer to: [more]

Azonax

Azonax is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. [more]

Badamia

Badamia is a genus of skipper butterflies. [more]

Banta

Banta (marble) is a lemon or orange-flavoured drink popular in India. [more]

Baoris

[more]

Baracus

[more]

Barbo

[more]

Barca

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Bibasis

The awlets, Bibasis, are a of skipper butterflies. [more]

Binghamia

Cupido is a genus of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. The subgenus Everes (H?bner, [1819]) is included here. [more]

Bolla

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Borbo

[more]

Bruna

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Brusa

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Bungalotis

[more]

Burara

[more]

Burca

[more]

Buzyges

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Cabares

[more]

Cabirus

[more]

Caenides

[more]

Caicella

[more]

Calephelus

[more]

Caligulana

[more]

Calleagris

[more]

Calliades

[more]

Calliana

[more]

Callimormus

[more]

Calpodes

[more]

Caltoris

Caltoris is a genus of . Like several related genera, they are called "swifts". [more]

Camptopleura

[more]

Cantha

[more]

Capila

[more]

Caprona


[more]

Carcharodus

[more]

Carrhenes

[more]

Carterocephalus

Carterocephalus is a in the skipper butterfly family, Hesperiidae. [more]

Carystina

[more]

Carystoides

[more]

Carystus

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Celaenorrhinus

Celaenorrhinus is a genus of skipper butterflies which are commonly termed sprites. An alternate name is "flats", for their habit of holding their wings flat when resting, but this is also used for related genera. They belong to the spread-winged skipper subfamily (Pyrginae), and therein are the type genus of tribe Celaenorrhini. [more]

Celotes

[more]

Cephise

[more]

Cephrenes

[more]

Ceratrichia

[more]

Chaetocneme

[more]

Chalcone

See chalcones. [more]

Chamunda

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Charidia

Savia or SAVIA can refer to: [more]

Charmion

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Chioides

[more]

Chiomara

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[1] [more]

Chloeria

[more]

Choaspes

Choaspes may be referring to: [more]

Chondrolepis

[more]

Choranthus

[more]

Chryoplectrum

[more]

Chrysoplectrum

[more]

Clito

[more]

Cobaloides

[more]

Cobalopsis

[more]

Cobalus

[more]

Codatractus

[more]

Coeliades

[more]

Cogia

[more]

Coladenia

[more]

Conga

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Conognathus

[more]

Copaeodes

[more]

Corticea

[more]

Croitana

[more]

Croniades

[more]

Ctenoptilum

[more]

Cumbre

[more]

Cupitha

[more]

Cycloglypha

[more]

Cyclosemia

[more]

Cyclosma

[more]

Cymaenes

[more]

Cynea

[more]

Cyrina

[more]

Daimio

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Dalla

[more]

Damas

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[2] [more]

Dardarina

[more]

Darpa

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Decinea

[more]

Diaeus

[more]

Dion

Dion or Dio may refer to: [more]

Dispar

[more]

Doberes

[more]

Drephalys

[more]

Dubiella

[more]

Dyscophellus

[more]

Eagris

[more]

Eantis

[more]

Ebrietas

[more]

Ebusus

Ibiza (Catalan: , IPA: Ibosim) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea 79 km off the coast of the city of Valencia in Spain. It is the third largest of the Balearic Islands, an autonomous community of Spain. With Formentera, it is one of the two Pine Islands or Pityuses. Its largest cities are Ibiza Town (Catalan: Vila d'Eivissa, or simply Vila), Santa Eul?ria des Riu and Sant Antoni de Portmany. Its highest point, called Sa Talaiassa (or Sa Talaia), is 475 m/1,558 ft above sea level. [more]

Ectomis

[more]

Eetion

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Elbella

[more]

Enosis

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Entheus

[more]

Eogenes

[more]

Epargyreus

[more]

Ephyriades

[more]

Eprius

[more]

Eracon

[more]

Eretis

[more]

Erionota

[more]

Erynnis

Erynnis is a in the Skippers butterfly family, Hesperiidae, known as the Duskywings. [more]

Euphyes

[more]

Euschemon

[more]

Eutocus

[more]

Eutychide

[more]

Evansiella

[more]

Exometoeca

[more]

Falga

[more]

Felicena

[more]

Flaccilla

Fresna

[more]

Fulda

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Gallio

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[3] [more]

Gamia

[more]

Gangara

[more]

Ge

Ge may refer to: word: [more]

Georgina

Georgina (2006 Population 42,346) is a town in south-central Ontario, and the northernmost municipality in the Regional Municipality of York. It forms part of the northern boundary of the Greater Toronto Area and is situated on the southern shores of Lake Simcoe. It is not so much one cohesive town as a large area containing three primary subsections: the community of Keswick, the communities of Sutton and Jackson's Point, and the smallest main subsection of Pefferlaw and Port Bolster. [more]

Gesta

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Gindanes

[more]

Gomalia

Gomalia Moore, 1879 is a monotypic genus of hesperiid butterfly.Gomalia elma, commonly known as the Marbled Skipper, Green-Marbled Sandman or African Mallow Skipper, is found in Africa and parts of Asia. [more]

Gorgopas

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Gorgyra

[more]

Gorgythion

[more]

Grais

[more]

Granila

[more]

Gretna

[more]

Gyrogora

[more]

Haemactis

[more]

Halotus

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Halpe

[more]

Hansa

Hansa may refer to [more]

Hasora

Hasora, the awls, are a of skipper butterflies. [more]

Hegesippe

[more]

Helias

[more]

Heliopetes

[more]

Heliopyrgus

[more]

Heronia

[more]

Hesperia

[more]

Hesperilla

[more]

Hesperopsis

[more]

Heteropterus

[more]

Hewitsoniella

[more]

Hidari

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Holguinia

[more]

Hovala

[more]

Hsora

[more]

Hyalothyrus

[more]

Hyarotis

[more]

Hylephila

[more]

Hypocryptothrix

[more]

Hypoleucis

[more]

Iambrix

[more]

Iliana

[more]

Ilma

[more]

Isma

[more]

Isoteinon

[more]

Isoteninon

Iton

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[4] [more]

Jemadia

[more]

Jera

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[5] [more]

Joanna

Joanna is a feminine given name deriving from Greek Ioanna. Variants in English include Joan, Joann, Joanne, and Johanna. Other forms of the name in English are Jan, Jane, Janet, Janice, Jean, and Jeanne. [more]

Justinia

[more]

Katreus

[more]

Kedestes

[more]

Kobrona

[more]

Koruthaialos

[more]

Lamponia

[more]

Lento

[more]

Leona

[more]

Lepella

[more]

Leptalina

[more]

Lerema

[more]

Lerodea

[more]

Leucochitonea

[more]

Levina

[more]

Libra

Libra is for "scales". It may refer to: [more]

Librita

[more]

Linka

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[6] [more]

Lobocla

[more]

Lotongus

[more]

Lucida

Lucida () is an extended family of related typefaces designed by Charles Bigelow and Kris Holmes in 1985. [more]

Ludens

[more]

Lycas

[more]

Lychnuchoides

[more]

Lychnuchus

[more]

Malaza

[more]

Marela

[more]

Mastor

[more]

Matapa

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Megaleas

[more]

Megathymus

[more]

Mellana

[more]

Melphina

[more]

Mesodina

[more]

Metardaris

[more]

Methion

[more]

Methionopsis

[more]

Metisella

[more]

Metron

Metron can refer to: [more]

Meza

[more]

Microceris

[more]

Mictris

[more]

Milanion

[more]

Miltomiges

[more]

Mimene

[more]

Mimia

[more]

Mimoniades

[more]

Miraja

[more]

Misius

[more]

Mnaseas

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Mnasicles

[more]

Mnasilus

[more]

Mnasinous

[more]

Mnasitheus

[more]

Mnestheus

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Moeris

[more]

Moeros

[more]

Molla

[more]

Molo

Molo may refer to one of a number of things: [more]

Moltena

[more]

Monca

[more]

Monza

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Mooreana

[more]

Mopala

[more]

Morvina

[more]

Morys

[more]

Motasingha

[more]

Mucia

[more]

Muschampia

[more]

Mylon

[more]

Myrinia

[more]

Myscelus

[more]

Mysoria

[more]

Naevolus

[more]

Narcosius

Nascus

[more]

Nastra

[more]

Neohesperilla

[more]

Neoxeniades

[more]

Nerula

[more]

Netrobalane

[more]

Netrocoryne

[more]

Niconiades

[more]

Nisoniades

[more]

Noctuana

[more]

Nosphistia

[more]

Notocrypta

Notocrypta is a of skipper butterflies. It is one of several closely related genera commonly called "demons". [more]

Nyctelius

[more]

Nyctus

[more]

Nylla

[more]

Oarisma

[more]

Ocella

[more]

Ochlodes

Ochlodes is a in the skipper butterfly family, Hesperiidae. [more]

Ochus

Ochus is an old Persian proper name. It could refer to: [more]

Ocyba

[more]

Ocybadistes

[more]

Odina

[more]

Odontoptilum

[more]

Oechydrus

[more]

Oeonus

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Oerane

[more]

Oligoria

[more]

Onenses

[more]

Onespa

[more]

Onophas

[more]

Onryza

[more]

Oreisplanus

[more]

Oriens

Oriens, the Latin word for 'the East', may refer to: [more]

Orneates

[more]

Orphe

[more]

Orses

[more]

Orthos

Orthos can refer to: [more]

Osmodes

[more]

Osphantes

[more]

Otho

Ouleus

[more]

Oxynetra

[more]

Oxynthes

[more]

Paches

[more]

Pachyneuria

[more]

Pamba

[more]

Panca

[more]

Panoquina

The Wandering Skipper (Panoquina errans) is a species of in the Hesperiidae family. It is monotypic within the genus Panoquina. It is found in Mexico and the United States. [more]

Papias

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Paracarystus

[more]

Parachoranthus

[more]

Paracleros

[more]

Paracogia

[more]

Paramimus

[more]

Paratrytone

[more]

Pardaleodes

[more]

Parelbella

Parnara

[more]

Paronymus

[more]

Parosmodes

[more]

Parphorus

[more]

Pasma

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Passova

[more]

Pastria

[more]

Peba

[more]

Pedesta

[more]

Pellicia

[more]

Pelopidas

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Pemara

[more]

Penicula

[more]

Perichares

[more]

Phanes

Phanis

[more]

Phanus

[more]

Phareas

[more]

Phemiades

[more]

Pheraeus

[more]

Phlebodes

[more]

Phocides

[more]

Pholisora

[more]

Pintara

[more]

Pirdana

[more]

Piruna

[more]

Pithauria

[more]

Plastingia

[more]

Platylesches

[more]

Ploetzia

[more]

Plumbago

Plumbago is a genus of 10-20 species of flowering plants in the family Plumbaginaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the world. Common names include plumbago and leadwort (names which are also shared by the genus Ceratostigma). The generic name, derived from the Latin words plumbum ("lead") and agere ("to resemble"), was first used by Pliny the Elder (23-79) for a plant known as ?????da??a (molybdaina) to Pedanius Dioscorides (ca. 40-90). This may have referred to its lead-blue flower color (OED), the ability of the sap to create lead-colored stains on skin, or Pliny's belief that the plant was a cure for lead poisoning. [more]

Poanes

Poanes is a genus of (family Hesperiidae) distributed throughout North and Central America. The larvae feed on grasses and sedges. [more]

Poanopsis

[more]

Polites

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[7] [more]

Polyctor

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Polygonus

[more]

Polythrix

[more]

Polytremis

[more]

Pompeius

Pompeius (fem. Pompeia), known in as Pompey, is the nomen of the gens Pompeia, an important family during the late republic period of ancient Rome from the Italian region of Picenum, which lies between the Apennines and the Adriatic. The name may refer to any person bearing it, with a list of the most famous below: [more]

Porphyrogenes

[more]

Potamanaxas

[more]

Potanthus

Potanthus is a genus of . They are commonly known as Darts. [more]

Prada

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Problema

[more]

Procampta

[more]

Procidosa

[more]

Proeidosa

Propapias

Propertius

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[8] [more]

Prosopalpus

[more]

Proteides

[more]

Prusiana

[more]

Pseudoborbo

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Pseudocoladenia

[more]

Pseudocopaeodes

[more]

Pseudokerana

[more]

Pseudosarbia

[more]

Psolos

[more]

Psoralis

[more]

Pteroteinon

[more]

Pudicitia

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Punta

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[9] [more]

Pyrgus

Pyrgus is a in the Skippers butterfly family, Hesperiidae, known as the grizzled skippers. The name 'Grizzled Skipper' best describes this genus, but in some countries the name 'Checkered Skipper' or 'Chequered Skipper' is applied to some species. Strictly speaking, 'chequered skippers' applies to butterflies of the genus Carterocephalus. [more]

Pyroneura

[more]

Pyrrhiades

[more]

Pyrrhocalles

[more]

Pyrrhochalcia

[more]

Pyrrhopyge

[more]

Pyrrhopygopsis

[more]

Pythonides

Pythonides is a genus of skippers. [more]

Qasimellana

Quadrus

[more]

Quasimellana

[more]

Quedara

[more]

Quinta

[more]

Rachana

Rachna, also spelt Rachana, is a term meaning "Creation", the structure created by time to time[citation needed] It is also included in Hindi usage. [more]

Rachelia

[more]

Racta

[more]

Radiatus

[more]

Remella

Repens

[more]

Rhabdomantis

[more]

Rhesus

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[10] [more]

Rhinthon

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Ridens

[more]

Sabera

[more]

Sabina

[more]

Sacrator

[more]

Salanoemia

[more]

Salatis

[more]

Saliana

[more]

Sancus

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Sarangesa

[more]

Sarbia

[more]

Sarmientoia

[more]

Satarupa

[more]

Saturnus

[more]

Scobura

[more]

Sebastonyma

[more]

Semalea

[more]

Serdis

[more]

Seseria

[more]

Signeta

[more]

Sodalia

[more]

Sophista

[more]

Sostrata

[more]

Sovia

[more]

Spathilepia

[more]

Spialia

[more]

Spioniades

[more]

Stallingsia

[more]

Staphilus

Staphylus

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[11] [more]

Stimula

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[12] [more]

Stinga

Styriodes

[more]

Suada

[more]

Suastus

[more]

Sucova

[more]

Suniana

[more]

Synale

[more]

Synapte

[more]

Syrichtus

[more]

Systasea

[more]

Tagiades

Tagiades is a genus of butterflies. [more]

Talides

[more]

Tapena

[more]

Taractrocera

[more]

Tarsoctenus

[more]

Telemiades

[more]

Telicota

[more]

Telles

[more]

Tellona

[more]

Teniorhinus

[more]

Thargella

[more]

Theagenes

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Thespieus

[more]

Thessia

[more]

Thoon

[more]

Thoressa

Thoressa is a genus of skipper butterflies. They are (like some other skippers) commonly known as "aces" or "ace butterflies". [more]

Thorybes

[more]

Thracides

[more]

Thymelicus

Thymelicus is a in the skipper butterfly family, Hesperiidae. It is presently the only member of the tribe Thymelini, but many skipper butterflies are yet to be assigned to tribes, so this might change eventually. [more]

Tigasis

[more]

Timochares

[more]

Timochreon

[more]

Tirynthia

[more]

Tirynthoides

[more]

Tisias

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Tosta

[more]

Toxeus

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[13] [more]

Toxidia

[more]

Tramba

Trapezites

[more]

Trina

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[14] [more]

Tromba

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[15] [more]

Tsitana

[more]

Turesis

[more]

Turmada

[more]

Turnerina

[more]

Typhedanus

[more]

Udaspes

[more]

Udranomia

[more]

Unkana

[more]

Urbanus

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[16] [more]

Vacerra

[more]

Vehilius

[more]

Venada

[more]

Venas

[more]

Vertica

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[17] [more]

Vettius

[more]

Vidius

[more]

Vinius

[more]

Viola

Herbs perennial or biennial, rarely subshrubs, rhizomatous. Stem developed or absent, sometimes with creeping branches. Leaves simple, alternate or basal, margin entire, dentate, or dissected; stipules small or large, leaflike, free or ± adnate to petioles. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, solitary, often dimorphic (cleistogamous flowers later than chasmogamous ones) ; pedicels axillary, 2-bracteolate. Sepals slightly equal, usually basally auriculate. Petals unequal, anterior petal largest and basally spurred. Filaments free, very short; anthers free or mostly connivent into a sheath around ovary, 2 anterior ones with spurlike or wartlike and nectariferous appendages at base, these extending into anterior spur, connectives produced apically into conspicuous, membranous appendages. Ovary 3-carpelled, with many ovuled parietal placentae; styles nearly erect or usually ± curved downward, ± thickened or sometimes gradually tapering toward apex, entire or variously appendaged; style apex and stigma variously shaped. Capsule loculicidally and elastically 3-valved, valves carinate and abaxially thickened. Seeds globose-ovoid, arillate or not, usually smooth; endosperm abundant; embryo straight; cotyledons rather thick, plano-convex.[18] [more]

Virga

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Vlasta

[more]

Wallengrenia

[more]

Windia

[more]

Xanthodisca

[more]

Xanthoneura

[more]

Xeniades

[more]

Xenophanes

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Xispia

[more]

Yania

[more]

Yvretta

[more]

Zalomes

[more]

Zariaspes

[more]

Zela

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[19] [more]

Zenis

[more]

Zenonia

[more]

Zera

[more]

Zestusa

[more]

Zobera

[more]

Zographetus

[more]

Zonia

[more]

Zophopetes

[more]

Zopyrion

[more]

At least 12 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Zopyrion.

More info about the Genus Zopyrion may be found here.

References

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External links

[ Back to top ]

Bibliography

[ Back to top ]

Footnotes

[ Back to top ]
  1. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Chiomara&search=Search
  2. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Damas&search=Search
  3. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Gallio&search=Search
  4. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Iton&search=Search
  5. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Jera&search=Search
  6. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Linka&search=Search
  7. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Polites&search=Search
  8. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Propertius&search=Search
  9. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Punta&search=Search
  10. http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=113415
  11. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Staphylus&search=Search
  12. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Stimula&search=Search
  13. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Toxeus&search=Search
  14. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Trina&search=Search
  15. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Tromba&search=Search
  16. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Urbanus&search=Search
  17. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Vertica&search=Search
  18. "Viola". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 72, 74. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  19. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Zela&search=Search
  1. ^ "ITIS Standard Report Page: Aegialini". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=694156. Retrieved on 2009-04-29. 
  2. ^ "ITIS Standard Report Page: Megathymini". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=694271. Retrieved on 2009-04-29. 
  3. ^ Warren A, Ogawa J, Brower A. (2008) Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and circumscription of tribes in the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea). Cladistics 24(5):642-676

Sources

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Last Revised: August 24, 2012
2012/08/24 13:33:28