Hepialidae (Family)

Overview

The Hepialidae is a family of insects in the lepidopteran order. Moths of this family are often referred to as swift moths or ghost moths.

[ Back to top ]

Hepialidae constitute by far the most diverse group of the infraorder Exoporia. There are 60 genera and at least 587 currently recognised species of these primitive moths recorded worldwide. The genera Fraus (endemic to Australia), Gazoryctra (Holarctic), Afrotheora (Southern African), and Antihepialus (African) are considered to be the most primitive, containing four genera and about 51 species with a mostly relictual southern Gondwanan distribution and are currently separated from the Hepialidae sensu stricto which might form a natural, derived group.^[1] The most diverse genera are Oxycanus with 73 species, Endoclita wit h 60 species, Thitarodes with 51 species and Cibyra with 50 species following a comprehensive catalogue of Exoporia.^[1] The relationships of the many genera are not yet well established; see below for an ordered synonymic generic checklist,^[1] and the Taxobox for navigation.

Morphology and identification

[ Back to top ]

The family Hepialidae is considered to be very primitive with a number of structural differences to other moths including very short antennae and lack of a functional proboscis or frenulum (see Kristensen, 1999: 61-62 for details).^[2] Like other Exoporia the sperm is transferred to the egg by an external channel between the "ostium" a nd the ovipore. Other non-ditrysian moths have a common cloaca.^[1] The moths are "homoneurous" with similar forewings and hindwings and are sometimes included as 'honorary' members of the Macrolepidoptera, though archaic they are. Strictly speaking they are phylogenetically too basal and constitute Microlepidoptera, although hepialids range from very small moths to a wingspan record of 250 mm in Zelotypia.^[1] Because of their sometimes large size and striking color patterns, they have received more popular and taxonomic attention than most "micros". Many species display strong sexual dimorphism with males smaller but more boldly marked than females, or at high elevation, females of Pharmacis and Aoraia show "brachypterous" wing reduction.^[3]

Distribution

[ Back to top ]

Abantiades latipennis, Tasmania, Australia

Hepialidae are distributed on ancient landmasses worldwide except Antarctica but with the surprising exceptions of Madagascar, the Caribbean islands and in Africa, Tropical West Africa. It remains to be borne out if these absences are real as Aenetus cohici was not long ago discovered in New Caledonia.^[4] In the Oriental and Neotropical regions hepialids have diversified in rainforest environments but this not apparently the case in the Afrotropics.^[1] Hepialids mostly have low dispersive powers and do not occur on Oceanic islands with the exception of Phassodes on Fiji and Western Samoa and a few species in Japan and Kurile Islands. Whilst the type locality of Eudalaca sanctahelena is from the remote island of St Helena, this is thought to be an error for South Africa.^[1]

Behaviour

[ Back to top ]

Swift moths are crepuscular and some species form leks, also though to have arisen independently in the hepialoid genus Ogygioses (Palaeosetidae).^[2] In most genera, males fly swiftly to virgin females that are calling with scent. In other genera, virgin females "assemble" upwind to displaying males,^[5] which emit a musky pheromone from scales on the metathoracic tibiae. In such cases of sex role reversal, there may be visual cues also: males of the European Ghost Swift are possibly the most frequently noticed species, being white, ghostly and conspicuous when forming a lek at dusk.^[6] Sometimes they hover singly as if suspended from a thread or flying in a figure of eight motion.^[1] The chemical structure of some pheromones have been analysed.^[7]

Biology

[ Back to top ]

The female does not lay its eggs in a specific location but scatters ("broadcasts") them while in flight, sometimes in huge numbers (29,000 were recorded from a single female Trictena,^[8] which is presumably a world record for the Lepidoptera). The maggot-like larvae [1] feed in a variety of ways. Probably all Exoporia have concealed larvae, making silken tunnels in all manner of substrates. Some species feed on leaf litter, fungi[2], mosses, decaying vegetation, ferns, gymnosperms and a wide span of monocot and dicot plants.^[1]^[9] There is very little evidence of hostplant specialisation; whilst the South African species Leto venus is restricted to the tree Virgilia capensis this may be a case of "ecological monophagy".^[1] A few feed on foliage (the austral 'oxyacanine' genera which may drag foliage into their feeding tunnel: Nielsen et al., 2000: 825). Most feed underground on fine roots, at least in early instars and some then feed internally in tunnels in the stem or trunk of their hostplants. The pupa has rows of dorsal spines on the abdominal segments as in other lower members of the Heteroneura.^[2]

Economic significance

[ Back to top ]

Chinese medicine makes considerable use of the "mummies" collected of the caterpillar-attacking fungi Cordyceps, and these can form an expensive ingredient.^[1]^[10] ^[11] The Witchetty grub (which are sometimes hepialid larvae) is a popular food sources especially among aboriginal Australians. In Central America and South America, hepialid larvae are also eaten.^[12] However, some species of Wiseana, Oncopera, Oxycanus, Fraus and Dalaca are considered pests of pastures in Australia, New Zealand and South America.^[1]

Faunas

[ Back to top ]

Fauna of Europe

Source [3] and identification^[13] ^[14]

Gazoryctra fuscoargentea O. Bang-Haas 1927 - Northern Scandinavia
Gazoryctra ganna (H?bner 1808)- Alps, northern Scandinavia, northern Russia
Hepialus humuli Linnaeus 1758 Ghost Moth - Europe
Korscheltellus lupulinus Linnaeus 1758 Common Swift - Europe
Pharmacis aemiliana Costantini 1911 - Italy
Pharmacis anselminae Teobaldelli 1977- Italy
Pharmacis bertrandi Le Cerf 1936 - France
Pharmacis carna Denis & Schifferm?ller 1775 - Central and Eastern Europe
Pharmacis castillana Oberth?r 1883 - Spain
Pharmacis claudiae Kristal & Hirneisen 1994 - Italy
Pharmacis fusconebulosa De Geer 1778 Map-winged Swift - Europe
Pharmacis pyrenaica Donzel 1838 - Pyrenees
Phymatopus hecta Linnaeus 1758 Gold Swift - Central and northern Europe
Triodia adriaticus Osthelder 1931 - Croatia, Macedonia, Greece, Crete
Triodia amasina Herrich-Sch?ffer 1851 - Balkans
Triodia sylvina Linnaeus 1761 Orange Swift - Europe

Cited literature

[ Back to top ]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Nielsen, E.S., Robinson, G.S. and Wagner, D.L. 2000. Ghost-moths of the world: a global inventory and bibliography of the Exoporia (Mnesarchaeoidea and Hepialoidea) (Lepidoptera) Journal of Natural History, 34(6): 823-878.Abstract
^ ^a ^b ^c Kristensen, N.P., (1999). The non-Glossatan Moths. Ch. 4, pp. 41-62 in Kri stensen, N.P. (Ed.). Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Volume 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Band / Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta Teilband / Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York.
^ Sattler, K. (1991). A review of wing reduction in Lepidoptera. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology), 60: 243-288.
^ http://www.sciencebuff.org/aenetus_cohici.php
^ Mallet, J. 1984. Sex roles in the ghost moth Hepialus humuli (L.) with a review of mating in the Hepialidae (Lepidoptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 79: 67-82.
^ Andersson, S., Rydell, J., Svensson, M.G.E. (1998). Light, predation and the lekking behaviour of the ghost swift Hepialus humuli (L.) (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 265: 1345-1351
^ Schulz S., Francke W., K?nig W.A., Schurig, V., Mori K., Kittmann R. and Schneider D. (1990). Male pheromone of swift moth, Hepialus hecta L. (Lepidoptera : Hepialidae). Journal of chemical ecology, 16(12): 3511-3521.
^ Tindale, N.B. (1932). Revision of the Australian ghost moths (Lepidoptera Homoneura, family Hepialidae). part 1, Records of the South Australian Museum, 4: 497-536.
^ Grehan, J.R. 1989. Larval feeding habits of the Hepialidae (Lepidoptera) Journal of Natural History, 23(4): 803-824.
^ Wu, Y. and Yuan, D. (1997). Biodiversity and conservation in China: a view from entomologists. Entomologica Sinica, 4: 95-111.
^ 403 Forbidden
^ Ramos-Elorduy, J. (2002). Edible insects of Chiapas, Mexico. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 41(4): 271-299.
^ Chinery, M. (1986). Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe. (Reprinted 1991)
^ Skinner, B. (1984). color Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles

are currently separated from the Hepialidae sensu stricto which might form a natural, der ived group.^[1] The most diverse genera are Oxycanus with 73 species, Endoclita with 60 species, Thitarodes with 51 species and Cibyra with 50 species following a comprehensive catalogue of Exoporia.^[1] The relationships of the many genera are not yet well established; see below for an ordered synonymic generic checklist,^[1] and the Taxobox for navigation.

Morphology and identification

[ Back to top ]

The family Hepialidae is considered to be very primitive with a number of structural differences to other moths including very short antennae and lack of a functional proboscis or frenulum (see Kristensen, 1999: 61-62 for details).^[2] Like other Exoporia the sperm is transferred to the egg by an external channel between the "ostium" and the ovipore. Other non-ditrysian moths have a common cloaca.^[1] The moths are "homoneurous" with similar forewings and hindwings and are sometimes included as 'honorary' members of the Macrolepidoptera, though archaic they are. Strictly speaking they are phylogenetically too basal and constitute Microlepidoptera, although hepialids range from very small moths to a wingspan record of 250 mm in Zelotypia.^[1] Because of their sometimes large size and striking color patterns, they have received more popular and taxonomic attention than most "micros". Many species display strong sexual dimorphism with males smaller but more bold ly marked than females, or at high elevation, females of Pharmacis and Aoraia show "brachypterous" wing reduction.^[3]

Distribution

[ Back to top ]

Abantiades latipennis, Tasmania, Australia

Hepialidae are distributed on ancient landmasses worldwide except Antarctica but with the surprising exceptions of Madagascar, the Caribbean islands and in Africa, Tropical West Africa. It remains to be borne out if these absences are real as Aenetus cohici was not long ago discovered in New Caledonia.^{[4] In the Oriental and Neotropical regions hepialids have diversified in rainforest environments but this not apparently the case in the Afrotropics.^[1] Hepialids mostly have low dispersive powers and do not occur on Oceanic islands with the exception of Phassodes on Fiji and Western Samoa and a few species in Japan and Kurile Islands. Whilst the type locality of Eudalaca sanctahelena is from the remote island of St Helena, this is thought to be an error for South Africa.^[1]}

Behaviour

[ Back to top ]

Swift moths are crepuscular and some species form leks, also though to have arisen independently in the hepialoid genus Ogygioses (Palaeosetidae).^{[2] In most genera, males fly swiftly to virgin females that are calling with scent. In other genera, virgin females "assemble" upwind to displaying males,^[5] which emit a musky pheromone from scales on the metathoracic tibiae. In such cases of sex role reversal, there may be visual cues also: males of the European Ghost Swift are possibly the most frequently noticed species, being white, ghostly and conspicuous when forming a lek at dusk.^[6] Sometimes they hover singly as if suspended from a thread or flying in a figure of eight motion.^[1] The chemical structure of some pheromones have been analysed.^[7]}

Biology

[ Back to top ]

The female do es not lay its eggs in a specific location but scatters ("broadcasts") them while in flight, sometimes in huge numbers (29,000 were recorded from a single female Trictena,^[8] which is presumably a world record for the Lepidoptera). The maggot-like larvae [1] feed in a variety of ways. Probably all Exoporia have concealed larvae, making silken tunnels in all manner of substrates. Some species feed on leaf litter, fungi[2], mosses, decaying vegetation, ferns, gymnosperms and a wide span of monocot and dicot plants.^[1]^[9] There is very little evidence of hostplant speci alisation; whilst the South African species Leto venus is restricted to the tree Virgilia capensis this may be a case of "ecological monophagy".^[1] A few feed on foliage (the austral 'oxyacanine' genera which may drag foliage into their feeding tunnel: Nielsen et al., 2000: 825). Most feed underground on fine roots, at least in early instars and some then feed internally in tunnels in the stem or trunk of their hostplants. The pupa has rows of dorsal spines on the abdominal segments as in other lower members of the Heteroneura.^[2]

Economic significance

[ Back to top ]

Faunas

[ Back to top ]

Fauna of Europe

Source [3] and identification^[13] ^[14]

Gazoryctra fuscoargentea O. Bang-Haas 1927 - Northern Scandinavia
Gazoryctra ganna (H?bner 1808)- Alps, northern Scandinavia, northern Russia
Hepialus humuli Linnaeus 1758 Ghost Moth - Europe
Korscheltellus lupulinus Linnaeus 1758 Common Swift - Europe
Pharmacis aemiliana Costantini 1911 - Italy
Pharmacis anselminae Teobaldelli 1977- Italy
Pharmacis bertrandi Le Cerf 1936 - France
Pharmacis carna Denis & Schifferm?ller 1775 - Central and Eastern Europe
Pharmacis castillana Oberth?r 1883 - Spain
Pharmacis claudia e Kristal & Hirneisen 1994 - Italy
Pharmacis fusconebulosa De Geer 1778 Map-winged Swift - Europe
Pharmacis pyrenaica Donzel 1838 - Pyrenees
Phymatopus hecta Linnaeus 1758 Gold Swift - Central and northern Europe
Triodia adriaticus Osthelder 1931 - Croatia, Macedonia, Greece, Crete
Triodia amasina Herrich-Sch?ffer 1851 - Balkans
Triodia sylvina Linnaeus 1761 Orange Swift - Europe

Cited literature

[ Back to top ]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Nielsen, E.S., Robinson, G.S. and Wagner, D.L. 2000. Ghost-moths of the world: a global inventory and bibliography of the Exoporia (Mnesarchaeoidea and Hepialoidea) (Lepidoptera) Journal of Natural History, 34(6): 823-878.Abstract
^ ^a ^b ^c Kristensen, N.P., (1999). The non-Glossatan Moths. Ch. 4, pp. 41-62 in Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.). Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Volume 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Band / Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta Teilband / Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York.
^ Sattler, K. (1991). A review of wing reduction in Lepidoptera. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology), 60: 243-288.
^ http://www.sciencebuff.org/aenetus_cohici.php
^ Mallet, J. 1984. Sex roles in the ghost moth Hepialus humuli (L.) with a review of mating in the Hepialidae (Lepidoptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 79: 67-82.
^ Andersson, S., Rydell, J., Svensson, M.G.E. (1998). Light, predation and the lekking behaviour of the ghost swift Hepialus humuli (L.) (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 265: 1345-1351
^ Schulz S., Francke W., K?nig W.A., Schurig, V., Mori K., Kittmann R. and Schneider D. (1990). Male pheromone of swift moth, Hepialus hecta L. (Lepidoptera : Hepialidae). Journal of chemical ecology, 16(12): 3511-3521.
^ Tindale, N.B. (1932). Revision of the Australian ghost moths (Lepidoptera Homoneura, family Hepialidae). part 1, Records of the South Australian Museum, 4: 497-536.
^ Grehan, J.R. 1989. Larval feeding habits of the Hepialidae (Lepidoptera) Journal of Natural History, 23(4): 803-824.
^ Wu, Y. and Yuan, D. (1997). Biodiversity and conservation in China: a view from entomologists. Entomologica Sinica, 4: 95-111.
^ 403 Forbidden
^ Ramos-Elorduy, J. (2002). Edible insects of Chiapas, Mexico. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 41(4): 271-299.
^ Chinery, M. (1986). Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe. (Reprinted 1991)
^ Skinn er, B. (1984). color Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles

References

[ Back to top ]

Kristensen, N.P., (1999). The non-Glossatan Moths. Ch. 4, pp. 41?62 in Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.). Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Volume 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Band / Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta Teilband / Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York.
Nielsen, E.S., Robinson, G.S. and Wagner, D.L. 2000. Ghost-moths of the world: a global inventory and bibliography of the Exoporia (Mnesarchaeoidea and Hepialoidea) (Lepidoptera) Journal of Natural History, 34(6): 823-878.

Generic checklist

[ Back to top ]

Fraus Walker, 1856
- =Hectomanes Meyrick, 1980
- = Praus; Pagenstacher, 1909
Gazoryctra H?bner, [1820]
- =Garzorycta; H?bner, [1826]
- =Gazoryctes; Kirby, 1892
Afrotheora Nielsen and Scoble, 1986
Antihepialus Janse, 1942
- =Ptycholoma; Felder, 1874
Bipectilis Chus and Wang, 1985
Palpifer Hampson, [1893]
- =Palpiphorus; Quail, 1900
- =Palpiphora; Pagenstacher, 1909
Eudalaca Viette, 1950
- =Eudalacina Paclt, 1953
Gorgopis H?bner, [1820]
- =Gorcopis; Walker, 1856
Metahepialus Janse, 1942
Dalaca Walker, 1856
- =Huapina Bryk, 1945
- =Maculella Viette, 1950
- =Toenga Tindale, 1954
Callipielus Butler, 1882
- =Stachyocera Ureta, 1957
Blanchardinella Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000< ul>
=Blanchardina Viette, 1950, nec Labbe, 1899

Calada Nielsen and Robinson, 1983

Puermytrans Viette, 1951

Parapielus Viette, 1949

=Lossbergiana Viette, 1951

Andeabatis Nielsen and Robinson, 1983

Druceiella Viette, 1949

Trichophassus Le Cerf, 1919

Phassus Walker, 1856

Schausiana Viette, 1950

Aplatissa Viette, 1953

Pfitzneriana Viette, 1952

Cibyra Walker, 1856

Cibyra (Pseudodalaca Viette, 1950)

Cibyra (Gymelloxes Viette, 1952)

Cibyra (Alloaepytus Viette, 1951)

Cibyra (Aeptus) Herrich-Sch?ffer, [1858]

Cibyra (Thiastyx Viette, 1951)

Cibyra (Schaefferiana Viette, 1950)

Cibyra (Paragorgopis Viette, 1952)

Cibyra (Hepialyxodes Viette, 195 1)

Cibyra (Xytrops Viette, 1951)

Cibyra (Cibyra Walker, 1856)

Cibyra (Lamelliformia Viette, 1952)

Cibyra (Tricladia Felder, 1874)

=Pseudophassus Pfitzner, 1914
=Parana Viette, 1950

Cibyra (Pseudophilaenia Viette, 1951)

Cibyra (Philoenia Kirby, 1892)

=Philaenia auctt.

Cibyra (Yleuxas Viette, 1951)

Phialuse Viette, 1961

Roseala Viette, 1950

Dalaca auctt., nec Walker, 1856

Pfitzneriella Viette, 1951

Aoraia Dumbleton, 1966

=Trioxycanus Dumbleton, 1966

Triodia

=Alphus Wallengren, 1869, nec Dejean, 1833

Korscheltellus B?rner, 1920

Pharmacis H?bner, [1820]

Thitarodes Viette, 1968

=Forkalus Chu and Wang, 1985

Phymatopus Wallengren, 1869

=Hepiolopsis B?rner, 1920
=Phimatopus; auctt.

Phymatopus auctt. nec Wallengren, 1869

Hepialus Fabricius, 1775

=Hepiolus Illiger, 1801
=Epialus Agassiz, 1847
=Epiolus Agassiz, 1847
=Tephus Wallengren, 1869
=Trepialus; Latreille, [1805]

Zenophassus Tindale, 1941

Sthenopis auctt. nec Packard, [1865]

Endoclita; Felder, 1874

=Endoclyta, Felder, 1875
=Hypophassus, Le Cerf, 1919
=Nevina, Tindale, 1941
=Sahyadrassus, Tindale, 1941
=Procharagia, Viette, 1949

Neohepialiscus Viette, 1948

Elhamma Walker, 1856

=Perissectis Meyrick, 1890
=Pericentris; Pagenstacher, 1909
=Zauxieus Viette, 1952
=Theaxieus Viet te, 1952

Jeana Tindale, 1935

Cladoxycanus Dumbleton, 1966

Wiseana Viette, 1961

=Porina Walker, 1956, nec d'Orbigny, 1852
=Gorina; Quail, 1899
=Goryna; Quail, 1899
=Philpottia Viette, 1950, nec Broun, 1915

Heloxycanus Dugdale, 1994

Dumbletonius; auctt

=Trioxycanus Dumbleton, 1966

Dioxycanus Dumbleton, 1966

Napialus Chu and Wang, 1985

Hepialiscus Hampson, [1893]

Parahepialiscus Viette, 1950

Xhoaphryx Viette, 1953

Aenetus Herrich-Sch?ffer, [1858]

=Charagia Walker, 1856
=Phloiopsyche Scott, 1864
=Oenetus; Kirby, 1892
=Choragia; Pagenstacher, 1909
=Oenetes; Oke, 1953

Leto H?bner, [1820]

=Ecto; Pagenstacher, 1909

Zelotyp ia Scott, 1869

=Xylopsyche Swainson, 1851
=Leto; auctt

Oncopera

=Oncoptera Walker, 1890
=Paroncopera Tindale, 1933
=Onchopera; Birket-Smith, 1974
=Onchoptera; Birket-Smith, 1974

Trictena Meyrick, 1890

Bordaia Tindale, 1932

=Bordaja; Chu and Wang, 1985

Abantiades Herrich-Sch?ffer, [1858]

=Pielus Walker, 1856
=Rhizopsyche Scott, 1864

Oxycanus Walker, 1856

=Porina Walker, 1856
=Gorina; Quail, 1899
=Goryna; Quail, 1899
=Paraoxyxanus Viette, 1950

Phassodes Bethune-Baker, 1905

External links

[ Back to top ]

Taxonomy

[ Back to top ]

The Family Hepialidae is a member of the Superfamily Hepialoidea. Here is the complete "parentage" of Hepialidae:

Domain: Eukaryota Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Animalia C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
  - Subkingdom: Bilateria (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
    - Branch: Protostomia Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
      - Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa A.M.A. Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
        Superphylum: Panarthropoda Cuvier
        Phylum: Arthropoda Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
        Subphylum: Mandibulata Snodgrass, 1938
        Infraphylum: Atelocerata Heymons, 1901
        Superclass: Panhexapoda
        Class: Insecta C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
        Subclass: Dicondylia
        Infraclass: Pterygota - Winged Insects
        Cohort: Myoglossata
        Superorder: Amphiesmenoptera
        Order: Lepidoptera - Butterflies and Moths
        Suborder: Glossata
        Infraorder: Exoporia
        Superfamily: Hepialoidea
        Family: Hepialidae - Ghost Moths

The Family Hepialidae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Subfamily (1): Heliconiinae
Genus (78): Abantiades · Achladaeus · Aenetus · Aepytus · Afrotheora · Andeabatis · Antihepialus · Aoraia · Aplatissa · Bipectilus · Blanchardina · Bordaia · Calada · Callipielus · Charagia · Cibyra · Cladoxycanus · Dalaca · Dioxycanus · Druceiella · Dumbletonius · Elhamma · Endoclita · Endoclyta · Eudalaca · Fraus · Gazoryctra · Gorgopis · Gymmeloxes · Heloxycanus · Hepialiscus · Hepialus · Hepialyxodes · Jeana · Korscheltellus · Lamelliformia · Leto · Lossbergiana · Mallomus · Napialus · Neohepialiscus · Nevina · Oiophassus · Oncopera · Oxycanus · Palpifer · Paragorgopis · Parahepialiscus · Parapielus · Pfitzneriana · Pfitzneriella · Pharmacis · Phassodes · Phassus · Phialuse · Phymatopus · Procharagia · Prohepialus · Protohepialus · Puermytrans · Roseala · Sahyadrassus · Schaefferiana · Schausiana · Stachyocera · Sthenopis · Thiastyx · Thitarodes · Toenga · Trichophassus · Trictena · Triodia · Trioxycanus · Wiseana · Xhoaphryx · Yleuxas · Zelotypia · Zenophassus
Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 887 species and subspecies in the Family Hepialidae.

Genera

[ Back to top ]

Abantiades

Abantiades is a genus of moths of the family Hepialidae. There are 14 described species, all found exclusively in Australia. The group includes some large species with a wingspan of up to 160 mm. The larvae feed on the roots of Eucalyptus and other trees. [more]

Hepialidae

Overview

Morphology and identification

Distribution

Behaviour

Biology

Economic significance

Faunas

Fauna of Europe

Cited literature

Morphology and identification

Distribution

Behaviour

Biology

Economic significance

Faunas

Fauna of Europe

Cited literature

References

Generic checklist

External links

Taxonomy

Genera

Abantiades

Achladaeus

Aenetus

Aepytus

Afrotheora

Andeabatis

Antihepialus

Aoraia

Aplatissa

Bipectilus

Blanchardina

Bordaia

Calada

Callipielus

Charagia

Cibyra

Cladoxycanus

Dalaca

Dioxycanus

Druceiella

Dumbletonius

Elhamma

Endoclita

Endoclyta

Eudalaca

Fraus

Gazoryctra

Gorgopis

Gymmeloxes

Heloxycanus

Hepialiscus

Hepialus

Hepialyxodes

Jeana

Korscheltellus

Lamelliformia

Leto

Lossbergiana

Mallomus

Napialus

Neohepialiscus

Nevina

Oiophassus

Oncopera

Oxycanus

Palpifer

Paragorgopis

Parahepialiscus

Parapielus

Pfitzneriana

Pfitzneriella

Pharmacis

Phassodes

Phassus

Phialuse

Phymatopus

Procharagia