Overview
Helicarionidae is a of air-breathing land snails or semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the order Stylommatophora.1]
Species of snails within this family make and use love darts made of chitin.
Taxonomy
The Helicarionidae family is classified within the "Limacoid clade", itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
The family Helicarionidae consists of the following subfamilies:
This section isa stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding this section.Genera
- Parmarion
For genera see Category:Helicarionidae
This section is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding this section.Photos
Taxonomy
The Family Helicarionidae is a member of the Superfamily Helicarionoidea. Here is the complete "parentage" of Helicarionidae:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Animalia
Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Infrakingdom: Lophotrochozoa
- Lophotrochozoans
- Superphylum: Eutrochozoa
- Phylum: Mollusca
(Linnaeus, 1758) Cuvier, 1795 - Molluscs
- Class: Gastropoda
Cuvier, 1795 - Snails and Slugs
- Subclass: Orthogastropoda
Ponder & Lindberg, 1996
- Superorder: Heterobranchia
J.e. Gray, 1840
- Order: Pulmonata
Cuvier, in Blainville, 1814 - land snails and slugs
- Suborder: Eupulmonata
(Haszprunar & Huber, 1990)
- Infraorder: Stylommatophora
A. Schmidt, 1855
- Superfamily: Helicarionoidea
Bourguignat, 1877
- Family: Helicarionidae
- Superfamily: Helicarionoidea
Bourguignat, 1877
- Infraorder: Stylommatophora
A. Schmidt, 1855
- Suborder: Eupulmonata
(Haszprunar & Huber, 1990)
- Order: Pulmonata
Cuvier, in Blainville, 1814 - land snails and slugs
- Superorder: Heterobranchia
J.e. Gray, 1840
- Subclass: Orthogastropoda
Ponder & Lindberg, 1996
- Class: Gastropoda
Cuvier, 1795 - Snails and Slugs
- Phylum: Mollusca
(Linnaeus, 1758) Cuvier, 1795 - Molluscs
- Superphylum: Eutrochozoa
- Infrakingdom: Lophotrochozoa
- Lophotrochozoans
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Kingdom: Animalia
Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
The Family Helicarionidae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Genus (80): Advena · Allenoconcha · Amphiblema · Atrichotoxon · Belloconcha · Caldwellia · Caracolla · Coneuplecta · Cryptaustenia · Ctenoglypta · Ctenophila · Dendrolamellaria · Dendrotrochus · Diastole · Dryachloa · Echonitor · Eclipsena · Elisolimax · Erepta · Euconulus · Eungarion · Fanulena · Fastosarion · Fretum · Greenwoodoconcha · Gudeoconcha · Harmogenanina · Helicarion · Helicarionidae · Hemiglypta · Hemitrichiella · Innesoconcha · Inozonites · Iredaleoconcha · Kaliella · Lepidotrichia · Leptichnus · Liardetia · Lutilodix · Macroceras · Malandena · Medyla · Megaustenia · Melloconcha · Melocystis · Microcystis · Microsystis · Mysticarion · Nancibella · Nanina · Naninia · Nesaecia · Nesonanina · Nitor · Oleacina · Ovachlamys · Pachystyla · Panulena · Parmacochlea · Parmavitrina · Parmellops · Parvatella · Peloparion · Periclocystis · Petalochlamys · Philonesia · Pittoconcha · Pravonitor · Quantula · Quintalia · Rotula · Roybellia · Ryssota · Sitala · Sivella · Thalassia · Thapsia · Tribocystis · Trochozonites · Zaphysema
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 216 species and subspecies in the Family Helicarionidae.
Genera
Advena
The nuclear weapons production facility, having been transferred in 1979 from the Pelindaba nuclear research center to the state-owned Armaments Corporation of South Africa (Armscor), was later developed as the Kentron Circle facility. This facility, built in 1980, and located 20km west of Pretoria, was subsequently renamed Advena. [more]
Allenoconcha
Amphiblema
Atrichotoxon
Atrichotoxon is a genus of in the Helicarionidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Belloconcha
Caldwellia
Caldwellia is a genus of in the Euconulidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Caracolla
Coneuplecta
Cryptaustenia
Ctenoglypta
Ctenoglypta is a genus of in the Euconulidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Ctenophila
Ctenophila is a genus of in the Euconulidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Dendrolamellaria
Dendrotrochus
Dendrotrochus is a genus of in the Euconulidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Diastole
Diastole is the period of time when the heart fills with blood after (contraction). Ventricular diastole is the period during which the ventricles are relaxing, while atrial diastole is the period during which the atria are relaxing. The term diastole originates from the Greek word d?ast???, meaning dilation. [more]
Dryachloa
Echonitor
Eclipsena
Elisolimax
Elisolimax is a genus of in the Helicarionidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Erepta
Erepta is a genus of in the Helicarionidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Euconulus
Eungarion
Fanulena
Fastosarion
Fretum
Greenwoodoconcha
Gudeoconcha
Harmogenanina
Harmogenanina is a genus of in the Helicarionidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Helicarion
Helicarion is a genus of in the Helicarionidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Helicarionidae
Hemiglypta
Hemitrichiella
Innesoconcha
Inozonites
Iredaleoconcha
Iredaleoconcha is a genus of in the Helicarionidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Kaliella
Kaliella is a genus of in the Helicarionidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Lepidotrichia
Lepidotrichia are bony, bilaterally-paired, segmented fin rays found in . They develop around actinotrichia as part of the dermal exoskeleton. Lepidotrichia may have some cartilage or bone in them as well. They are actually segmented and appear as a series of disks stacked one on top of another. [more]
Leptichnus
Leptichnus is a genus of in the Helicarionidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Liardetia
Liardetia is a genus of in the Euconulidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Lutilodix
Lutilodix is a genus of in the Helicarionidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Macroceras
Malandena
Medyla
Megaustenia
Melloconcha
Melocystis
Microcystis
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Microsystis
Mysticarion
Nancibella
Nancibella is a genus of in the Helicarionidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Nanina
Naninia
Nesaecia
Nesonanina
Nitor
Oleacina
Oleacina is a genus of in the Oleacinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Ovachlamys
Pachystyla
Pachystyla is a genus of in the Euconulidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Panulena
Panulena is a genus of in the Helicarionidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Parmacochlea
Parmavitrina
Parmellops
Parvatella
Peloparion
Periclocystis
Petalochlamys
Philonesia
Philonesia is a genus of in the Helicarionidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Pittoconcha
Pittoconcha is a genus of in the Helicarionidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Pravonitor
Quantula
Quintalia
Quintalia is a genus of in the Helicarionidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Rotula
Shrubs. Stems numerous, prostrate or wandlike, glabrous or sericeous; branches thin, straight. Leaves alternate, fascicled at nodes, short petiolate or sessile, entire or inconspicuously dentate. Cymes terminal, sparse, small. Calyx 5-lobed; lobes overlapping in bud, lanceolate. Corolla purple-red or pink, subcampanulate, 5-lobed; tube short; lobes spreading, overlapping in bud, oblong to orbicular. Stamens included or exserted; filaments glabrous; anthers oblong. Ovary ovoid or oblong, 4-loculed; ovules 1 per locule. Style terminal, undivided; stigma enlarged, somewhat 2-cleft, subpeltate. Drupes red, endocarp well developed, dividing into 4 1-seeded pyrenes. Seeds oblong, without endosperm.[1] [more]
Roybellia
Ryssota
Ryssota is a genus of in the Euconulidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Sitala
Sitala, Sitala Devi or (Tamil) is the Goddess of Smallpox or the Goddess of Disease in popular or non-Vedic Hinduism. She is also generically referred to as the Village Goddess (Skt. Gramadevata). [more]
Sivella
Thalassia
Plants perennial, of marine waters. Rhizomes present; leaf-bearing branches arising from rhizomes at distances of several internodes; stolons absent. Erect stems rooted in substrate, unbranched, short. Leaves 2--6, basal, submersed, sessile; blade linear, base tapering to stem; apex obtuse; midvein without lacunae along side(s), blade uniform in color throughout; abaxial surfacely without prickles; intravaginal scales entire. Inflorescences 1-flowered to cymose, pedunculate; spathes not winged. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants, submersed, short-pedicellate to nearly sessile; petals absent. Staminate flowers: filaments distinct; anthers linear; pollen embedded in gelatinous matrix, in moniliform chains. Pistillate flowers: ovary 1-locular; styles 6--8, not 2-fid. Fruits spheric, echinate, dehiscing into 6--8 irregular valves. Seeds pyriform; seed coat ephemeral.[2] [more]
Thapsia
Thapsia is a genus of in the Helicarionidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Tribocystis
Trochozonites
Trochozonites is a genus of in the Helicarionidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Zaphysema
At least 11 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Zaphysema.
More info about the Genus Zaphysema may be found here.
References
- ^ Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). "Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families". Malacologia 47 (1-2): 1–397.
Bibliography
- Grey, W. F. and M. D. Moffler. 1978. Flowering of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae) in the Tampa Bay, Florida area. Aquatic Bot. 5: 251--259.
- Moffler, M. D., M. J. Durako, and W. F. Grey. 1981. Observations on the reproductive ecology of Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae) in Tampa Bay, Florida. Aquatic Bot. 10: 183--187.
- Moore, D. R. 1963. Distribution of the sea grass, Thalassia, in the United States. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribbean 13: 329--342.
- Orpurt, P. R. and L. L. Boral. 1964. The flowers and seeds of Thalassia testudinum König. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribbean 14: 296--302.
Footnotes
- "Rotula". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 337. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Thalassia". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Sources
- The text on this page is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It includes material from Wikipedia retrieved Friday, November 14, 2008.
- The distribution map on the Distribution tab comes from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and is used with permission.
- Photographs on this page are copyrighted by individual photographers, and individual copyrights apply.
- The GMapImageCutter is used under license from the UCL Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis.
- The technology underlying this page, including the Image Browser and controls behind Keep Exploring, is owned by the BayScience Foundation. All rights are reserved.