Overview
Harpalinae is a huge of ground beetles. Among the more than 20,000 described species in this clade are the sun beetles (Amara) and the violin beetles (Mormolyce). The Harpalinae contain the most apomorphic ground beetles, dsplaying a wide range of forms and behaviors. Some are, rare among ground beetles, omnivores or even herbivores.
Systematics
Many formerly independent families are now subordinate taxa of the Harpalinae. Among these are the Chlaeniinae, Cyclosominae, Dryptinae, Lebiinae, Licininae, Mormolycinae, Odacanthinae, Oodinae, Panagaeinae, Perigoninae, Platyninae, Pseudomorphinae, Pterostichinae and Zabrinae.
At least 4 large and a number of monotypic supertribes can be distinguished. The "Pterostichitae" on the other hand seem to be, as presently delimited, a paraphyletic assemblage, but probablyalso contains a number of tribes closer to each other than to other Harpalinae. In addition, there are a number of tribes of basal or uncertain position:[1]
- Amorphomerini
- Geobaeini
- Ginemini
- Hexagononi
- Idiomorphini
- Omphreini
- Orthogoniini
- Pseudomorphini
- Sphodrini
Selected Genera
Photos
Taxonomy
The Subfamily Harpalinae is a member of the Family Carabidae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Harpalinae:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Animalia
Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
Aguinaldo Et Al., 1997 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Order: Coleoptera
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Beetles
- Suborder: Adephaga
Schellenberg, 1806
- Family: Carabidae
- Ground Beetles
- Subfamily: Harpalinae
- Family: Carabidae
- Ground Beetles
- Suborder: Adephaga
Schellenberg, 1806
- Order: Coleoptera
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Beetles
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
Aguinaldo Et Al., 1997 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Kingdom: Animalia
Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
The Subfamily Harpalinae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Genus (11): Aephnidius · Anthia · Aphaenops · Cratacanthus · Desera · Gnathaphanus · Harpalus · Hypharpax · Parophonus · Tachys · Trichotichnus
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 300 species and subspecies in the Subfamily Harpalinae.
Genera
Aephnidius
Anthia
Perhaps the quintessential "reef fish," anthias make up a sizeable portion of the population of pink, orange and yellow seen swarming in most coral reef photography and film. The anthias are members of the family Serranidae (basses, basslets, groupers) and make up the subfamily Anthiinae. [more]
Aphaenops
Cratacanthus
Desera
Gnathaphanus
Harpalus
Harpalus son of was an aristocrat of Macedon and boyhood friend of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC. Being lame in a leg, and therefore exempt from military service, Harpalus did not follow Alexander in his advance within the Persian Empire but received nonetheless a post in Asia Minor. Alexander reportedly contacted him with a demand of reading material for his spare time. Harpalus sent his King theatrical plays by Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, the history of Philistus and odes by Philoxenus and Telestes. [more]
Hypharpax
Parophonus
Tachys
Trichotichnus
At least 28 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Trichotichnus.
More info about the Genus Trichotichnus may be found here.
References
- Carabidae of the World Database (CWD) (2008): Trees of family Carabidae. Retrieved 2008-JUL-24.
Footnotes
- ^ CWD (2008)
Sources
- The text on this page is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It includes material from Wikipedia retrieved Friday, November 14, 2008.
- Photographs on this page are copyrighted by individual photographers, and individual copyrights apply.
- The GMapImageCutter is used under license from the UCL Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis.
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