Overview
Fejervarya is one of the Asian genera of true frogs. First proposed in 1915 by , a Jugoslavian (at that time Austrian-Hungarian) naturalist of Hungarian descent also known as Stephan Bolkay, the genus did not see widespread adoption at first. As late as the 1990s it was generally included in Rana, but more recent studies have confirmed its distinctness.
These frogs are remarkable for being extremely euryhaline by amphibian standards. Species such as the Crab-eating Frog (F. cancrivora) and F. raja can thrive in brackish water, and the tadpoles of the latter can even survive in pure seawater.1]
Systematics and taxonomy
As delimited here, the genus is suspected to be paraphyletic. Any or all of Euphlyctis, Hoplobatrachus, Nannophrys and Sphaerotheca are closer relatives of some species included in Feyervarya sensu lato than the latter are to their supposed congeners. Hence, it seems necessary to split up this genus, but too few species have been studied in sufficient detail to reliably draw a boundary at present. As it seems however, the dividing line runs essentially between South Asian and Southeast Asian species, but there are some exceptions, speciation by hybridization ? widespread among frogs ? is liable to make molecular phylogenetic studies less reliable than elsewhere, and a few populations ? e.g. F. nicobariensis and an undescribed but highly distinct lineage from Vietnam ? do not easily fit into this scheme.[2][3]
Provisionally, the two suspected lineages are referred to as "F. limnocharis group" or Fejervarya sensu stricto ? as F. limnocharis is the type species of Fejervarya ? and "F. syhadrensis group". The widespread Cricket Frog (F. limnocharis) and some others have also been suspected to be cryptic species complexes since at least the 1970s, and indeed a few populations have been identified that almost certainly constitute undescribed species.[2][3]
Species
Fejerverya sensu lato contains almost 40 described species, as well as some putative but undescribed species:[2][3][4]
F. limnocharis group (mainly Southeast Asia)
- Fejervarya cancrivora ? Crab-eating Frog
- Fejervarya iskandari
- Fejervarya limnocharis ? Cricket Frog
- Fejervarya orissaensis
- Fejervarya vittigera
- Fejervarya cf. limnocharis/orissaensis 'Thailand'[3]
F. syhadrensis group (mainly South Asia)
- Fejervarya brevipalmata
- Fejervarya asmati Howlader, 2011
- Fejervarya caperata Kuramoto, Joshy, Kurabayashi & Sumida, 2007
- Fejervarya granosa Kuramoto, Joshy, Kurabayashi & Sumida, 2007
- Fejervarya greenii
- Fejervarya kirtisinghei
- Fejervarya kudremukhensis Kuramoto, Joshy, Kurabayashi & Sumida, 2007
- Fejervarya mudduraja Kuramoto, Joshy, Kurabayashi & Sumida, 2007
- Fejervarya nilagirica
- Fejervarya rufescens
- Fejervarya cf. granosa/syhadrensis 'Bangladesh Small Type 5/6'[2]
- Fejervarya cf. limnocharis 'Bangladesh Medium Type/Myanmar'[2]
- Fejervarya sp. 'hpB'[3]
- Fejervarya sp. 'Pilok, Thailand'[3]
Incertae sedis
- Fejervarya altilabris
- Fejervarya andamanensis
- Fejervarya assimilis
- Fejervarya brama
- Fejervarya frithi[verification needed]
- Fejervarya keralensis
- Fejervarya moodiei
- Fejervarya multistriata
- Fejervarya murthii
- Fejervarya mysorensis
- Fejervarya nepalensis
- Fejervarya nicobariensis ? Nicobar Cricket-frog
- Fejervarya parambikulamana
- Fejervarya pierrei
- Fejervarya pulla
- Fejervarya raja
- Fejervarya sahyadris
- Fejervarya sakishimensis Matsui, Toda & Ota, 2007
- Fejervarya sauriceps
- Fejervarya schlueteri
- Fejervarya syhadrensis
- Fejervarya teraiensis
- Fejervarya triora
- Fejervarya verruculosa
- Fejervarya cf. limnocharis 'Vietnam-2'[2]
F. limnocharis group (mainly Southeast Asia)
- Fejervarya cancrivora ? Crab-eating Frog
- Fejervarya iskandari
- Fejervarya limnocharis ? Cricket Frog
- Fejervarya orissaensis
- Fejervarya vittigera
- Fejervarya cf. limnocharis/orissaensis 'Thailand'[3]
F. syhadrensis group (mainly South Asia)
- Fejervarya brevipalmata
- Fejervarya asmati Howlader, 2011
- Fejervarya caperata Kuramoto, Joshy, Kurabayashi & Sumida, 2007
- Fejervarya granosa Kuramoto, Joshy, Kurabayashi & Sumida, 2007
- Fejervarya greenii
- Fejervarya kirtisinghei
- Fejervarya kudremukhensis Kuramoto, Joshy, Kurabayashi & Sumida, 2007
- Fejervarya mudduraja Kuramoto, Joshy, Kurabayashi & Sumida, 2007
- Fejervarya nilagirica
- Fejervarya rufescens
- Fejervarya cf. granosa/syhadrensis 'Bangladesh Small Type 5/6'[2]
- Fejervarya cf. limnocharis 'Bangladesh Medium Type/Myanmar'[2]
- Fejervarya sp. 'hpB'[3]
- Fejervarya sp. 'Pilok, Thailand'[3]
Incertae sedis
- Fejervarya altilabris
- Fejervarya andamanensis
- Fejervarya assimilis
- Fejervarya brama
- Fejervarya frithi[verification needed]
- Fejervarya keralensis
- Fejervarya moodiei
- Fejervarya multistriata
- Fejervarya murthii
- Fejervarya mysorensis
- Fejervarya nepalensis
- Fejervarya nicobariensis ? Nicobar Cricket-frog
- Fejervarya parambikulamana
- Fejervarya pierrei
- Fejervarya pulla
- Fejervarya raja
- Fejervarya sahyadris
- Fejervarya sakishimensis Matsui, Toda & Ota, 2007
- Fejervarya sauriceps
- Fejervarya schlueteri
- Fejervarya syhadrensis
- Fejervarya teraiensis
- Fejervarya triora
- Fejervarya verruculosa
- Fejervarya cf. limnocharis 'Vietnam-2'[2]
References
- ^ Malcolm S. Gordon, Knut Schmidt-Nielsen & Hamilton M. Kelly (1961). "Osmotic regulation in the crab-eating frog (Rana cancrivora)" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology 38 (3): 659?678. http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/38/3/659.pdf.
- ^ a b c d e f Mohammed Mafizul Islam, Naoko Kurose, MdMukhlesur Rahman Khan, Toshitaka Nishizawa, Mitsuru Kuramoto, Mohammad Shafiqul Alam, Mahmudul Hasan, Nia Kurniawan, Midori Nishioka & Masayuki Sumida (2008). "Genetic divergence and reproductive isolation in the genus Fejervarya (Amphibia: Anura) from Bangladesh inferred from morphological observations, crossing experiments, and molecular analyses". Zoological Science 25 (11): 1084?1105. doi:10.2108/zsj.25.1084. PMID 19267620.
- ^ a b c d e f Manabu Kotaki, Atsushi Kurabayashi, Masafumi Matsui, Wichase Khonsue, Tjong Hon Djong,, Manuj Tandon & Masayuki Sumida (2008). "Genetic divergences and phylogenetic relationships among the Fejervarya limnocharis complex in Thailand and neighboring countries revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear genes" (PDF). Zoological Science 25 (4): 381?390. doi:10.2108/zsj.25.381. PMID 18459820. http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/85313/1/zsj%252E25%252E381.pdf.
- ^ "Fejervarya". Amphibian Species of the World. February 12, 2009. http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/references.php?id=7323. Retrieved March 21, 2009.
External links
Media related to Fejervarya at Wikimedia Commons
Taxonomy
The Genus Fejervarya is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 40 species and subspecies in the Genus Fejervarya: F. altilabris · F. andamanensis · F. assimilis · F. brama · F. brevipalmata (Short-Webbed Frog) · F. cancrivora (Asian Brackish Frog) · F. caperata · F. frithi · F. frithii · F. granosa · F. greenii (Sri Lanka Paddy Field Frog) · F. iskandari · F. keralensis (Kerala Warty Frog) · F. kirtisinghei (Mountain Paddy Field Frog) · F. kudremukhensis · F. limnocharis (Alpine Cricket Frog) · F. limnocharis group · F. moodiei · F. mudduraja · F. multistriata · F. murthii · F. mysorensis · F. nepalensis (Nepal Cricket Frog) · F. nicobariensis · F. nilagirica · F. orissaensis · F. parambikulamana · F. pierrei (Pierre's Cricket Frog) · F. pulla · F. raja · F. rufescens (Rufescent Burrowing Frog) · F. sahyadris · F. sakishimensis · F. sauriceps · F. schlueteri · F. syhadrensis (Long-Legged Cricket Frog) · F. teraiensis (Terai Cricket Frog) · F. triora · F. verruculosa · F. vittigera
References
- ^ Malcolm S. Gordon, Knut Schmidt-Nielsen & Hamilton M. Kelly (1961). "Osmotic regulation in the crab-eating frog (Rana cancrivora)" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology 38 (3): 659?678. http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/38/3/659.pdf.
- ^ a b c d e f Mohammed Mafizul Islam, Naoko Kurose, MdMukhlesur Rahman Khan, Toshitaka Nishizawa, Mitsuru Kuramoto, Mohammad Shafiqul Alam, Mahmudul Hasan, Nia Kurniawan, Midori Nishioka & Masayuki Sumida (2008). "Genetic divergence and reproductive isolation in the genus Fejervarya (Amphibia: Anura) from Bangladesh inferred from morphological observations, crossing experiments, and molecular analyses". Zoological Science 25 (11): 1084?1105. doi:10.2108/zsj.25.1084. PMID 19267620.
- ^ a b c d e f Manabu Kotaki, Atsushi Kurabayashi, Masafumi Matsui, Wichase Khonsue, Tjong Hon Djong,, Manuj Tandon & Masayuki Sumida (2008). "Genetic divergences and phylogenetic relationships among the Fejervarya limnocharis complex in Thailand and neighboring countries revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear genes" (PDF). Zoological Science 25 (4): 381?390. doi:10.2108/zsj.25.381. PMID 18459820. http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/85313/1/zsj%252E25%252E381.pdf.
- ^ "Fejervarya". Amphibian Species of the World. February 12, 2009. http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/references.php?id=7323. Retrieved March 21, 2009.
Footnotes
- ^ Gordon et al. (1961)
- ^ a b Islam et al. (2008), Kotaki et al. (2008)
- ^ Islam et al. (2008), Kotaki et al. (2008), ASW (2009)
- ^ a b c Kotaki et al. (2008)
- ^ a b c Islam et al. (2008)
Sources
- The distribution map on the Distribution tab comes from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and is used with permission.
- Photographs on this page are copyrighted by individual photographers, and individual copyrights apply.
- The technology underlying this page, including the controls behind Keep Exploring, is owned by the BayScience Foundation. All rights are reserved.