Overview
The Eumaeini are a tribe of gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae). They are typically placed in the subfamily Theclinae, but sometimes considered a separate subfamily Eumaeinae.
As not all Theclinae have been assigned to tribes, the genus list is preliminary. However, much progress has been made in sorting out the profusion of synonymous taxa, and at least some degree of stability has been achieved in the early years of the 21st century. While there is no good phylogenetic hypothesis yet for the subfamily, groups of at least apparently related genera have been delimited. They are sometimes called "sections", but do not correspond to the taxonomic rank of section (the section in which the gossamer-winged butterflies are placed is the Cossina); if validated as clades and assigned taxonomic rank, they would qualify as subtribes.[ 1]
There is still much work to be done, including the splitting of such notorious "wastebin taxa" as Callophrys, and the establishment of a robust phylogenetic and evolutionary scenario. Pending this, the groups are listed here in the presumed phylogenetic sequence, while genera are simply sorted alphabetically.[1]
Footnotes
As not all Theclinae have been assigned to tribes, the genus list is preliminary. However, much progress has been made in sorting out the profusion of synonymous taxa, and at least some degree of stability has been achieved in the early years of the 21st century. While there is no good phylogenetic hypothesis yet for the subfamily, groups of at least apparently related genera have been delimited. They are sometimes called "sections", but do not correspond to the taxonomic rank of section (the section in which the gossamer-winged butterflies are placed is the Cossina); if validated as clades and assigned taxonom ic rank, they would qualify as subtribes.[1]
There is still much work to be done, including the splitting of such notorious "wastebin taxa" as Callophrys, and the establishment of a robust phylogenetic and evolutionary scenario. Pending this, the groups are listed here in the presumed phylogenetic sequence, while genera are simply sorted alphabetically.[1]
Footnotes
References
- Brower, Andrew V.Z. (2008): Tree of Life Web Project ? Eumaeini. Version of 2008-APR-24. Retrieved 2008-NOV-11.
- Savela, Markku (2008): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms: Theclinae. Version of 2008-SEP-05. Retrieved 2008-NOV- 11.
Taxonomy
The Tribe Eumaeini is a member of the Subfamily Theclinae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Eumaeini:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Animalia
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
A.M.A. Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Cohort: Myoglossata
- Superorder: Panorpida
- Order: Lepidoptera
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Butterflies and Moths
- Infraorder: Heteroneura
- a genus of Longhorned Beetles (Cerambycidae)
- Family: Lycaenidae - Gossamer Winged Butterflies
- Infraorder: Heteroneura
- a genus of Longhorned Beetles (Cerambycidae)
- Order: Lepidoptera
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Butterflies and Moths
- Superorder: Panorpida
- Cohort: Myoglossata
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
A.M.A. Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Kingdom: Animalia
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
The Tribe Eumaeini is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Genus (14): Arawacus · Arcas · Atlides · Callophrys · Calycopis · Eumaeus · Evenus · Panthiades · Pseudolycaena · Strymon · Strymondia · Strymonidia · Theritas · Thestius
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 455 species and subspecies in the Tribe Eumaeini.
Genera
Arawacus
Arawacus is a genus of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. They are commonly called stripestreaks.The members (species) of this genus are found in the Neotropic ecozone. [more]
Arcas
In Greek mythology, Arcas (?????) was the son of Zeus and Callisto. Callisto was a nymph in the retinue of the goddess Artemis. Zeus, being a flirtatious god, wanted Callisto for a lover. As she would not be with anyone but Artemis, Zeus cunningly disguised himself as Artemis and seduced Callisto. The child resulting from their union was called Arcas. [more]
Atlides
Atlides is a genus of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae.It is a member of the sub-family Theclinae. [more]
Callophrys
The Callophrys consists of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. It is apparently not monophyletic, but which ones of the taxa currently considered junior synonyms of Callophrys are actually valid genera remains to be determined. [more]
Calycopis
Eumaeus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[1] [more]
Evenus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Panthiades
Pseudolycaena
Strymon
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[2] [more]
Strymondia
Strymonidia
Theritas
Thestius
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
At least 5 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Thestius.
More info about the Genus Thestius may be found here.
References
- Brower, Andrew V.Z. (2008): Tree of Life Web Project ? Eumaeini. Version of 2008-APR-24. Retrieved 2008-NOV-11.
- Savela, Markku (2008): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms: Theclinae. Version of 2008-SEP-05. Retrieved 2008-NOV-11.
Footnotes
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Eumaeus&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Strymon&search=Search
Sources
- The text on this page is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It includes material from Wikipedia retrieved Wednesday, April 25, 2012.
- Photographs on this page are copyrighted by individual photographers, and individual copyrights apply.
- The technology underlying this page, including the controls behind Keep Exploring, is owned by the BayScience Foundation. All rights are reserved.
