Overview
The Cyprinidae, from the Ancient Greek ??p????? (kuprinos "carp")[1], consists of the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives (e.g. the barbs). They are commonly called cyprinids or carp and minnow family. It is the largest family of fresh-water fish, with over 2,400 species in about 220 genera. The family belongs to the order Cypriniformes, of whose genera and species the cyprinids make up two-thirds.1]
Following the discovery that the mysterious mountain carps are a peculiar lineage of cyprinids, they are included herein, tentatively as subfamily Psilorhynchinae.[2]
Description
The fish in this family are native to North America, Africa, and Eurasia. The largest cyprinid in this family is the Giant Barb (Catlocarpio siamensis), which may grow up to 3 metres (9.8 ft). The largest North American species is the Colorado Pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius), of which individuals up to 6 feet (1.8 m) long and weighing over 100 pounds (45 kg) have been recorded.
On the other hand, many species are smaller than 5 centimetres (2.0 in). As of 2008, the smallest known freshwater fish is a cypriniform, Danionella translucida, reaching 12 millimetres (0.47 in) at the longest.[3] All fish in this family are egg-layers and most do not guard their eggs, however, there are a few species that build nests and/or guard the eggs. The bitterling-like cyprinids (Acheilognathinae) are notable for depositing their eggs in bivalve molluscs, where the young grow up until able to fend for themselves.
U.S.A. By Humans
Cyprinids are highly important food fish; they are fished and farmed< /a> across Eurasia. In land-locked countries in particular, cyprinids are often the major species of fish eaten, although the prevalence of inexpensive frozen fish products made this less important now than it was in earlier times. Nonetheless, in certain places they remain popular for food as well as recreational fishing, and have been deliberately stocked in ponds and lakes for centuries for this reason.[4]
Several cyprinids have been introduced to waters outside their natural range to provide food, sport, or biological control for some pest species. The Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) are the most important of these, for example in Florida. In some cases, these have become invasive species that compete with native fishes or disrupt the environment, carp in particular can stir up the riverbed reducing the clarity of the water making it difficult for plants to grow.[5]
Numerous cyprinids have become important in the aquarium hobby, most famously the Goldfish, which was bred in China from the Prussian Carp (Carassius (auratus) gibelio). First imported into Europe around 1728, it was much fancied by Chinese nobility as early as 1150 AD and after it arrived there in 1502, also in Japan. In the latter country, from the 18th century onwards the Common Carp was bred into the ornamental variety known as koi – or more accurately nishikigoi (??), as koi (?) simply means "Common Carp" in Japanese.
Other popular aquarium cyprinids include danionins, rasborines and true barbs.[6] Larger species are bred by the thousands in outdoor ponds, particularly in Southeast Asia, and trade in these aquarium fishes is of considerable commercial importance. The small rasborines and danionines are perhaps only rivalled by characids and poecilid livebearers in their popularity for community aquaria.
One particular species of these small and undemanding danionines is the Zebrafish (Danio rerio). It has become the standard model species for studying developmental genetics of vertebrates, in particular fish.[7]
Habitat destruction and other causes have reduced the wild stocks of several cyprinids to dangerously low levels; some are already entirely extinct. In particular, Leuciscinae from southwestern North America have been hit hard by pollution and unsustainable water use in the early-mid 20th century; most globally extinct Cypriniformes species are in fact Leuciscinae from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
Systematics
The massive diversity of cyprinids has so far made it difficult to resolve their phylogeny in sufficient detail to make assignment to subfamilies more than tentative in many cases. It is obvious that some distinct lineages exist – for example, Cultrinae and Leuciscinae, regardless of their exact delimitation, are rather close relatives and stand apart from Cyprininae[2] –, but the overall systematics and taxonomy of the Cyprinidae remain a subject of considerable debate. A large number of genera are incertae sedis, too equivocal in their traits and/or too little-studied to permit assignment to a particular subfamily with any certainty.
Part of the solution seems that the delicate rasborines are the core group, consisting of minor lineages that have not shifted far from their evolutionary niche, or have co-evolved, for millions of years. These are among the most basal lineages of living cyprinids. Other "rasborines" are apparently distributed across the diverse lineages of the family.[8]
The validity and circumscription of proposed subfamilies like Labeoninae or Squaliobarbinae also remains doubtful, although the latter do appear to correspond to a distinct lineage. The sometimes-seen grouping of the large-headed carps (Hypophthalmichthyinae) with Xenocypris, on the other hand, seems quite in error. More likely, they are part of the Cultrinae.[8]
The Barbinae and the disputed Labeoninae might be better treated as part of the Cyprininae, forming a close-knit group whose internal relationships are still little known.[9] However, as noted above, how various minor lineages tie into this has not yet been resolved. Therefore such a radical move, though reasonable, is probably premature.[citation needed]
The Tench (Tinca tinca), a significant food species farmed in western Eurasia in large numbers, is unusual. It is most often grouped with the Leuciscinae, but even when these were rather loosely circumscribed, it always stood apart. A cladistic analysis of DNA sequence data of the S7 ribosomal protein intron 1 supports the view that it is distinct enough to constitute a monotypic subfamily. It also suggests that it may be closer to the small East Asian Aphyocypris, Hemigrammocypris, and Yaoshanicus. They would have diverged roughly at the same time from cyprinids of east-central Asia, perhaps as a result of the Alpide orogeny that vastly changed the topography of that region in the late Paleogene, when their divergence presumably occurred.[2]
Subfamily Leuciscinae – chubs, daces, true minnows, roaches, shiners etc.
It might be close to Aphyocypris.
incertae sedis
Photos
Taxonomy
The Family Cyprinidae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subfamily (10): Acheilognathinae · Barbinae · Cultrinae · Cyprininae · Danioninae · Gobioninae · Hypophthalmichthyinae · Leuciscinae · Schizothoracinae · Xenocypridinae
- Genus (388): Aaptosyax · Abbotina · Abbottina · Abramidopsis · Abramis · Acahara · Acanthalburnus · Acanthobrama · Acanthogobio · Acanthorhodeus · Acanthorutilus · Acapoeta · Acheilognathus · Acrocheilus · Acrossocheilus · Agosia · Albulichthys · Alburnoides · Alburnus · Algansea · Amblypharyngodon · Amblyrhynchichthys · Anabarilius · Anaecypris · Ancherythroculter · Aphyocypris · Aristichthys · Aspidoparia · Aspiolucius · Aspiorhynchus · Aspius · Atrilinea · Aulopyge · Aztecula · Balantiocheilos · Ballerus · Bangana · Barbichthys · Barbodes · Barboides · Barbonymus · Barbopsis · Barbus · Barilius · Belligobio · Bertinius · Biwia · Blicca · Boraras · Brachydanio · Cabdio · Caecobarbus · Caecocypris · Campostoma · Candidia · Capoeta · Capoetobrama · Carasobarbus · Carassioides · Carassius · Carpio · Catla · Catlocarpio · Cephalakompsus · Ceratichthys · Ceraticthys · Chagunius · Chalcalburnus · Chanodichthys · Chela · Chelaethiops · Cheonda · Chondrostoma · Chrosomus · Chuanchia · Cirrhinus · Clarkina · Clinostomus · Cliola · Coomochilus · Coptostomabarbus · Coreius · Coreoleuciscus · Cosmochilus · Couesius · Crossocheilus · Ctenopharyngodon · Culter · Cultrichthys · Cultriculus · Cultrops · Cyclocheilichthys · Cyprinella · Cyprinion · Cyprinus · Danio · Danionella · Devario · Dionda · Diplocheilichthys · Diptychus · Discherodontus · Discocheilus · Discogobio · Discolabeo · Distoechodon · Eirmotus · Elopichthys · Engraulicypris · Epalzeorhynchos · Epalzeorhynchus · Eremichthys · Erimonax · Erimystax · Erinemus · Erogala · Erythroculter · Esomus · Evarra · Exoglossum · Folifer · Gardonus · Garra · Gibbibarbus · Gila · Gnathopogon · Gobio · Gobiobotia · Gobiocypris · Gonorhynchus · Gymnocypris · Gymnodanio · Gymnodiptychus · Gymnostomus · Hainania · Hampala · Hemibarbus · Hemiculter · Hemiculterella · Hemigrammocapoeta · Hemigrammocypris · Hemitremia · Henicorhynchus · Herzensteinia · Hesperoleucus · Horadandia · Horalabiosa · Huigobio · Hybognathus · Hybopsis · Hyborhynchus · Hypophthalmichthys · Hypopthalmichthys · Hypselobarbus · Hypsibarbus · Iberocypris · Inlecypris · Iotichthys · Iranocypris · Ischikauia · Kalimantania · Kosswigobarbus · Labeo · Labeobarbus · Labiobarbus · Ladigesocypris · Ladislabia · Ladislavia · Lagowskiella · Laocypris · Lavinia · Lepidomeda · Lepidopygopsis · Leptobarbus · Leptocypris · Leucalburnus · Leucaspius · Leuciscus · Leucistus · Leucogobio · Leucosomus · Linichthys · Lissochilus · Longiculter · Luciobrama · Luciocyprinus · Luciosoma · Luxilus · Lythrurus · Macrhybopsis · Macrochirichthys · Mandibularca · Margariscus · Meda · Megalobrama · Megarasbora · Mekongina · Mesobola · Mesocyprinus · Mesogobio · Mesopotamichthys · Messinobarbus · Metzia · Microphysogobio · Microrasbora · Moapa · Moniana · Moroco · Morulius · Mylocheilus · Mylopharodon · Mylopharyngodon · Mystacoleucus · Naziritor · Nemachilus · Nematabramis · Neobola · Neolissochilus · Neomacheilus · Nicholsicypris · Nocomis · Notemigonus · Notropis · Ochetobius · Onychostoma · Opsarichthys · Opsaridium · Opsariichthys · Opsarius · Opsopoeodus · Oregonichthys · Oreichthys · Oreinus · Oreoleuciscus · Orthodon · Ospatulus · Osteobrama · Osteochilichthys · Osteochilus · Oxygaster · Oxygymnocypris · Pachychilon · Paedocypris · Parabarbus · Parabramis · Paracanthobrama · Paracheilognathus · Parachela · Paracrossochilus · Paralaubuca · Parapsilorhynchus · Pararasbora · Pararhinichthys · Parasikukia · Parasinilabeo · Paraspinibarbus · Parasqualidus · Parator · Parazacco · Parluciosoma · Pectenocypris · Pelecus · Percocypris · Petroleuciscus · Phenacobius · Photogenis · Phoxinellus · Phoxinus · Phreatichthys · Pimephales · Pimephalus · Placocheilus · Placogobio · Plagiognathops · Plagopterus · Platygobio · Platypharodon · Platysmacheilus · Pogobrama · Pogonichthys · Poropuntius · Probarbus · Procypris · Prolabeo · Prolabeops · Pseudaspius · Pseudobarbus · Pseudobrama · Pseudogobio · Pseudohemiculter · Pseudolaubuca · Pseudoperilampus · Pseudophoxinus · Pseudopungtungia · Pseudorasbora · Pteronotropis · Ptychidio · Ptychobarbus · Ptychocheilus · Pungtungia · Pungtungis · Puntioplites · Puntius · Qianlabeo · Racoma · Raiamas · Raimas · Rasbora · Rasborichthys · Rasborinus · Rasboroides · Rastrineobola · Rectoris · Relictus · Rhinichthys · Rhinogobio · Rhodeoides · Rhodeus · Rhynchocypris · Richardsonius · Rohita · Rohtee · Rohteichthys · Romanogobio · Rostrogobio · Rutilus · Salmophasia · Salmostoma · Sanagia · Sarcocheilichthy · Sarcocheilichthys · Saurogobio · Sawbwa · Scaphesthes · Scaphiodonichthys · Scaphognathops · Scaphognathus · Scardinius · Schismatorhynchos · Schizocypris · Schizopyge · Schizopygopsis · Schizothorax · Securicula · Semilabeo · Semiplotus · Semotilus · Sikukia · Sinibrama · Sinilabeo · Sinocrossocheilus · Sinocyclocheilus · Snyderichthys · Spinibarbus · Spratellicypris · Squalidus · Squaliobarbus · Squalius · Stypodon · Sundadanio · Systomus · Tanakia · Tanichthys · Telestes · Thryssocypris · Thynnichthys · Tiaroga · Tigoma · Tinca · Tor · Toxabramis · Tribolodon · Trigonostigma · Troglocyclocheilus · Tropidophoxinellus · Tylognathus · Typhlobarbus · Typhlogarra · Varicorhinus · Vimba · Xenobarbus · Xenocyprioides · Xenocypris · Xenophysogobio · Xystrosus · Yaoshanicus · Yuriria · Zacco
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 5,926 species and subspecies in the Family Cyprinidae.
Genera
Aaptosyax
Aaptosyax grypus is a species of in the Cyprinidae family, of the monotypic genus Aaptosyax. It is endemic to the middle reaches of the Mekong River in Laos and Thailand. [more]
Abbotina
Abbottina
Abramidopsis
Abramis
Abramis is a of freshwater fish in family family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes, containing the typical breams. The type species is A. brama, the carp bream. Native to the Palearctic ecozone, the Abramis species are widespread throughout northern Europe from France to the Caspian Sea. [more]
Acahara
Acanthalburnus
Acanthobrama
Acanthobrama is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Acanthogobio
Acanthorhodeus
Acanthorhodeus is a genus of fish, consisting of two species. [more]
Acanthorutilus
Acanthorutilus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Acapoeta
Acapoeta is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Acheilognathus
Acheilognathus is a genus of fish, consisting of several species. The type species is the Capoeta rhombea. The name is derived from the greek a, meaning "without", the Greek cheilos, meaning "lip", and the Greek gnathos, meaning "jaw". [more]
Acrocheilus
The chiselmouth is an unusual fish of western North America. It is named for the sharp hard plate on its lower jaw, which is used to scrape rocks for algae. It belongs into the monotypic genus Acrocheilus and is a close relative of the Gila western chubs (Simons & Mayden 1997). [more]
Acrossocheilus
Mahseer is the used for the genera Tor, Neolissochilus, and Naziritor in the family Cyprinidae (carps). The name Mahseer is however more often restricted to members of the genus Tor. The range of this fish is from Malaysia, Indonesia, across southern Asia to Pakistan, including the Indian Peninsula. They are commercially important game fish, as well as highly esteemed food fish. Mahseer fetch high market price, and are potential candidate species for aquaculture. Several of the larger species have suffered severe declines, and are now considered threatened due to pollution, habitat loss and overfishing. [more]
Agosia
Albulichthys
Alburnoides
Alburnoides is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Alburnus
Alburnus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Algansea
Amblypharyngodon
Amblyrhynchichthys
Anabarilius
Anabarilius is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Anaecypris
Anaecypris hispanica is a species in the family Cyprinidae, the only living member of the genus Anaecypris. It is found in Spain and Portugal. [more]
Ancherythroculter
Aphyocypris
Aristichthys
Aspidoparia
Aspiolucius
Aspiolucius is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Aspiorhynchus
Aspius
Atrilinea
Aulopyge
The Dalmatian Barbelgudgeon (Aulopyge huegelii) is a species of in the Cyprinidae family. It is found in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. Its natural habitats are rivers, intermittent rivers, intermittent freshwater lakes, and inland karsts. The generic name is derived from the Greek word aulos, meaning "flute", and the Greek word pyge, meaning "tail". [more]
Aztecula
Balantiocheilos
Balantiocheilos is a small of cyprinid fish. It includes two species, B. ambusticauda and B. melanopterus. [more]
Ballerus
Bangana
Barbichthys
Barbodes
Barbodes is a genus of fish, consisting of 14 species. The name is derived from the Latin word barbus, meaning "barbel", and the Greek word oides, meaning "similar to". [more]
Barboides
Barbonymus
Barbonymus is a of fish in the Cyprinidae family, containing some barb species. The genus is relatively new, with many of its members reclassified from the Barbus and Barbodes genera. The type species is the tinfoil barb (Barbus schwanenfeldii, now called Barbonymus schwanenfeldii). [more]
Barbopsis
Barbopsis is a of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Barbus
Barbus is a of fish in the Cyprinidae family. The type species of this genus is the Common Barbel, first described as Cyprinus barbus and now called Barbus barbus. [more]
Barilius
Belligobio
Bertinius
Biwia
Blicca
Boraras
A rasbora is member of a group of small minnow-type fish in the family (carps). Fish from genera such as Boraras, Microrasbora, Rasbora and Trigonostigma are commonly referred to as rasboras. The genus Microrasbora may be more closely related to danios than other genera in this group while the genera Boraras and Trignonstigma were split from Rasbora. Currently the genus Rasbora remains the largest one, containing around 70 species, which can be found in Southeast Asia and Africa. [more]
Brachydanio
The danionins are a group of small -type fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. Members of this group are mostly in the genera Danio and Devario. They are native to the fresh waters of southeast Asia. Many species are brightly colored and are available as aquarium fish worldwide. Danio tend to have horizontal stripes and long barbels, Devario tend to have vertical bars and short rudimentary barbels, if barbels are present at all. All danionins are egg scatterers and breed in the rainy season in the wild. They are carnivores living on insects and small crustaceans in the wild. [more]
Cabdio
Caecobarbus
Caecobarbus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Caecocypris
Caecocypris is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Campostoma
Candidia
Capoeta
Capoeta is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It was formerly included within the Barbus-Puntius complex. Today, it is restricted to a group of western Asian forms around the type species. [more]
Capoetobrama
Carasobarbus
Carassioides
Carassius
Carassius is a genus in the family . The species in this genus are commonly known as Crucian carps, though this term can also specifically refer to Carassius carassius. The most well known is the goldfish which was bred from the Prussian Carp. [more]
Carpio
Catla
Gibelion catla, the only member of the genus Gibelion, of the carp family is a fish with a large protruding lower jaw. It is commonly found in rivers and freshwater lakes in Bangladesh, Pakistan and lakes of South Asia. [more]
Catlocarpio
Cephalakompsus
Ceratichthys
Ceraticthys
Chagunius
Chalcalburnus
Chalcalburnus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Chanodichthys
Chanodichthys is a genus of fish, consisting of 5 species. The type species is the Mongolian redfin, Leptocephalus mongolicus. The name is derived from the Greek word chanos, meaning "abyss, mouth opened, inmensity", and the Greek word ichthys, meaning "fish". [more]
Chela
Chela has two main meanings. One derivation comes from (cela) from Sanskrit (ceta), meaning "slave" or "servant". In English, the word means a religious student or disciple. The other derivation comes from Greek (chele) and Latin (chela), meaning "claw", now specifically that of an arthropod. [more]
Chelaethiops
Chelaethiops is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Cheonda
Chondrostoma
Chondrostoma is a of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly known as nases, though this term is also used locally to denote particular species, most frequently the Common Nase (C. nasus). [more]
Chrosomus
Chuanchia
Cirrhinus
Clarkina
Clinostomus
Cliola
Coomochilus
Coptostomabarbus
Coreius
Coreoleuciscus
Cosmochilus
Couesius
Crossocheilus
Ctenopharyngodon
The Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is a , freshwater fish species of family Cyprinidae, and the only species of the genus Ctenopharyngodon. It is cultivated in China for food but was introduced in Europe and the United States for aquatic weed control. It is a large cyprind native to Eastern Asia, with a native range from Northern Vietnam to the Amur River on the Siberia-China border. It is a fish of large, turbid rivers and associated floodplain lakes, with a wide degree of temperature tolerance. Grass carp are usually thought to enter reproductive condition and spawn at temperatures of 20 to 30 C, but have been shown to sometimes spawn at temperatures as low as 15 C. [more]
Culter
Culter can refer to the following: [more]
Cultrichthys
Cultriculus
Cultrops
Cyclocheilichthys
Cyprinella
Cyprinella is the genus of satinfin , ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Cyprinion
Cyprinus
Cyprinus is the of typical carps in family Cyprinidae, most notable for its most widespread member, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The other species of this group are generally found in more restricted areas of Asia, in some cases occurring only in single lakes. [more]
Danio
The Danio genus comprises many of the species of familiar to aquarists. The common name "danio" is used for members of the genera Danio as well as Devario. [more]
Danionella
Danionella is a comprising the danionin species D. mirifica, D. translucida, and D. dracula, three of the smallest freshwater fishes. [more]
Devario
The genus Devario comprise of some familiar to aquarists. Generally (but not all) larger fish than Danios, they have short barbels (if present at all), and generally have deeper bodies than Danio species, with species having vertical stripes present (as well as horizontal). In size they range from 5 cm/ 2 in) to 15 cm/ 6 in). [more]
Dionda
Dionda is the genus of desert , small fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. They are native to the fresh waters or North And Central America. They are believed to feed primarily on algae. [more]
Diplocheilichthys
Diptychus
Diptychus is a genus of fish, consisting of 4 species. The type species is the scaly osman, Diptychus maculatus. The name is derived from the Greek word di, meaning "two", and the Greek word ptyx, meaning "fold". [more]
Discherodontus
Discherodontus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Discocheilus
Discogobio
Discolabeo
Distoechodon
Eirmotus
Elopichthys
Engraulicypris
Engraulicypris is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Epalzeorhynchos
Epalzeorhynchus
Eremichthys
The desert dace (Eremichthys acros) is a rare fish known only from the warm springs and creeks of Soldier Meadow in western Humboldt County, Nevada, USA. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Eremichthys. The species is also notable for its ability to live in waters as warm as 38 degrees Celsius (100 degrees Fahrenheit). It is the sole member of its genus Eremichthys. [more]
Erimonax
Erimystax
Erimystax is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. Members are commonly known as slender chubs, though "slender chub" is also used for individual species local to some area, particularly Erimystax cahni. [more]
Erinemus
Erogala
Erythroculter
Erythroculter hypselonotus is a species of fish, the sole member of the genus Erythroculter. This species was originally described as Culter erythropterus. The name is derived from the Greek word erythros, meaning "red", and the Latin word culter, meaning "knife". [more]
Esomus
Esomus is a comprising the Flying Barbs. they are closely related to the Danio genus and are distinctive for their extremely long barbels. [more]
Evarra
Evarra is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Exoglossum
Exoglossum is a of mound-building freshwater fish. Members are commonly known as cutlips minnows, though the individual species, particularly Exoglossum maxillingua, are also locally known by that name. [more]
Folifer
Gardonus
Garra
Garra, the garras, are a of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are sometimes placed in a subfamily Garrinae, but more often this group is included in the Labeoninae or together with these in the Cyprininae. The genus Discogobio is a close relative. [more]
Gibbibarbus
Gibbibarbus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Gila
Gnathopogon
Gobio
Gobio is the genus of typical , ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Gobiobotia
Gobiocypris
Gonorhynchus
The beaked salmon (also beaked sandfish) are a type of long thin ray-finned fish that live on sandy bottoms near shorelines. The approximately five known species are all in the single genus Gonorynchus (sometimes spelled Gonorhynchus) of the family Gonorynchidae (sometimes spelled Gonorhynchidae). All have a distinctive angular snout (hence the name) that the fish use to dig themselves into the sand. [more]
Gymnocypris
Gymnodanio
Gymnodiptychus
Gymnostomus
Hainania
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Hampala
Hampala is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family from South-East Asia. [more]
Hemibarbus
Hemiculter
Hemiculter is a genus of fish, consisting of 8 species. The type species is the Sharpbelly, Culter leucisculus. The name is derived from the Greek word hemis, meaning "half", and the Latin word culter, meaning "knife". [more]
Hemiculterella
Hemigrammocapoeta
Hemigrammocapoeta is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Hemigrammocypris
Hemitremia
The Flame Chub (Hemitremia flammea) is a species of in the Cyprinidae family. It is found only in the United States. [more]
Henicorhynchus
Herzensteinia
Hesperoleucus
The California roach, Hesperoleucus symmetricus, is a fish native to western North America and abundant in the intermittent streams throughout central California. It is the sole member of its genus. [more]
Horadandia
Horalabiosa
Huigobio
Hybognathus
Hybognathus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. Its members are collectively known as the silvery minnows. [more]
Hybopsis
Hyborhynchus
Hypophthalmichthys
Hypophthalmichthys is a genus of fish consisting of three species. The name comes from Greek , (hypó) "below"; ?f?a?µ?? (ophthalmós), "eye"; ????? (ichthys), "fish", thus "fish with eyes below" referring to the fact that the fish has its eyes below the mouth line. [more]
Hypopthalmichthys
Hypselobarbus
Hypsibarbus
Iberocypris
Inlecypris
Inlecypris is a closely related to Devario comprising two smallish barred fish from Lake Inle in Myanmar. [more]
Iotichthys
The Least Chub (Iotichthys phlegethontis) is a species of in the Cyprinidae family, the only member of the genus Iotichthys. It is found only in the United States. It's native habitat formerly included much of the Bonneville Basin and it was widely distributed in freshwater ponds, swamps, springs, and tributaries around the Great Salt Lake, Utah Lake, and Sevier Lake. Populations were also abundant in springs within the Snake and Utah valleys. Due to habitat degradation and introduction of non-native fishes, it is currently limited to a few spring complexes. The least chub is a small minnow, with a maximum size of less than 2.5 inches. It is the smallest of seven chubs native to Utah. Least chub eat primarily algae and small invertebrates, including mosquito larvae. Spawning occurs during the spring and early summer. Eggs are fertilized in the water, and then sink until they attach to vegetation or the substrate. No parental care is given to eggs or young. Th e least chub is a schooling species that prefers areas of dense vegetation in slow-moving water. The Least Chub populations suffered a steep decline in the 1940s and 50s, though the decline wasn't noticed until the 70s. Reasons for the decline include habitat destruction from cattle grazing on and trampling streamside vegetation, water diversion, mineral and energy development, and non-native fishes. Studies indicate that where non-native fishes such as largemouth bass, trout, and mosquitofish are introduced, few if any least chub remain. Though the distribution of the Least Chub is still limited, the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and other conservation groups have reintroduced the fish into suitable habitats, often removing non-native fish prior to stocking. Other conservation efforts include working with ranchers to fence off critical spring complexes to prevent habitat destruction from cattle grazing. Recently the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources teamed up with mosquito abatement districts in Davi s and Salt Lake counties (Utah) to distribute the fish to 240 backyard ponds to evaluate it as a potential mosquitofish replacement. Researchers will monitor how well the chub compete against the more aggressive mosquitofish in ponds where they are both stocked. Ponds with only the lest chub will be monitored to determine whether they can control mosquito larvae as effectively as the mosquitofish or if more chubs will be required to do the same job. [more]
Iranocypris
Iranocypris typhlops is a species of in the Cyprinidae family, the only member of the monotypic genus Iranocypris. It is endemic to Iran. [more]
Ischikauia
Ischikauia steenackeri is a species of fish, of the monotypic genus Ischikauia. This species was originally described as Opsariichthys steenackeri. [more]
Kalimantania
Kosswigobarbus
Kosswigobarbus kosswigi is a species of fish of the monotypic genus Kosswigobarbus. It was originally described as Cyclocheilichthys kosswigi. [more]
Labeo
Labeo is a genus of "" in the family Cyprinidae. It contains the typical labeos in the subfamily Labeoninae, which may not be a valid group however (though its precise affiliations are still unknown). [more]
Labeobarbus
Labiobarbus
Ladigesocypris
Ladigesocypris is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Ladislabia
Ladislavia
Lagowskiella
Laocypris
Lavinia
Lepidomeda
Lepidomeda, commonly known as the spinedaces, is a genus of fish found in western North America. Of the four known species, one is extinct and two are threatened. They appear to be fairly close to the Leatherside chub and the spikedaces (genus Meda), but the phylogeny and indeed the validity of the proposed "plagopterin" clade is insufficiently resolved (Simons & Mayden 1997). [more]
Lepidopygopsis
Leptobarbus
Leptobarbus is a of cyprinid fish that originate from Asia. They are important food fish. Leptobarbus hoevenii is its type species. [more]
Leptocypris
Leucalburnus
Leucaspius
Leucaspius is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Leuciscus
Leuciscus is a of fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly called Eurasian daces; familiar species include the Common Dace and Ide. The genus is widespread form Europe to Siberia. [more]
Leucistus
Leucogobio
Leucosomus
Linichthys
Lissochilus
Longiculter
Luciobrama
Luciocyprinus
Luciosoma
Luxilus
Lythrurus
Lythrurus is the genus of finescale , ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae [more]
Macrhybopsis
Macrhybopsis is the genus of blacktail , ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Macrochirichthys
Mandibularca
Mandibularca is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Margariscus
Meda
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Megalobrama
Megalobrama is a genus of fish, consisting of 6 species. The type species is Megalobrama skolkovii. The name is derived from the Greek word megalos, meaning "great", and the Old French word breme, a type of freshwater fish. [more]
Megarasbora
Mekongina
Mesobola
Mesobola is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Mesocyprinus
Mesogobio
Mesopotamichthys
Messinobarbus
Messinobarbus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Metzia
Microphysogobio
Microrasbora
Microrasbora is a of small fishes. The generic name means "small Rasbora", however these fish appear to be more closely related to the danios than rasboras. They inhabit mainly Thailand and Myanmar; Microrasbora rubescens has escaped from aquariums and is now an invasive species in many temperate regions, apparently benefitting from global warming.[verification needed] [more]
Moapa
Moapa may mean: [more]
Moniana
Moroco
Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country located in with a population of nearly 32 million and an area just under 447,000 square kilometres (173,000 sq mi). Its capital is Rabat, and its largest city is Casablanca. Morocco has a coast on the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Algeria to the east, Spain to the north (a water border through the Strait and land borders with three small Spanish enclaves, Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera), and Mauritania to the south via its Western Saharan territories. [more]
Morulius
Mylocheilus
Mylopharodon
Mylopharyngodon
Mystacoleucus
Naziritor
Nemachilus
Nematabramis
Neobola
Neobola is a of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Neolissochilus
Mahseer is the used for the genera Tor, Neolissochilus, and Naziritor in the family Cyprinidae (carps). The name Mahseer is however more often restricted to members of the genus Tor. The range of this fish is from Malaysia, Indonesia, across southern Asia to Pakistan, including the Indian Peninsula. They are commercially important game fish, as well as highly esteemed food fish. Mahseer fetch high market price, and are potential candidate species for aquaculture. Several of the larger species have suffered severe declines, and are now considered threatened due to pollution, habitat loss and overfishing. [more]
Neomacheilus
Nicholsicypris
Nocomis
Notemigonus
The golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) is a fish native to eastern North America. It is the sole member of its genus. Much used as a bait fish, it is probably the most widely pond-cultured fish in the United States. [more]
Notropis
Notropis, commonly known as the eastern shiners or (locally) simply "", is a genus of cyprinid fish found in North America, and is the second largest genus of freshwater fish on the continent. Most small minnows found in North American belong to Notropis. Not all small cyprinids commonly referred to as "shiners" belong to Notropis (Page & Burr 1991). Their closest relatives appear to be the genera Cyprinella (satinfin shiners) and Platygobio (flathead chubs), though their precise relationships have not yet been robustly resolved (Simons & Mayden 1997). [more]
Ochetobius
Onychostoma
Onychostoma is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Opsarichthys
Opsaridium
Opsaridium is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Opsariichthys
Opsarius
Opsopoeodus
Oregonichthys
Oregonichthys is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. Collectively known as Oregon chubs, that term can also refer to O. crameri in particular. [more]
Oreichthys
Oreinus
Oreoleuciscus
Orthodon
The Sacramento blackfish, Orthodon microlepidotus, is a fish of central California. It is the sole member of its genus. [more]
Ospatulus
Ospatulus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Osteobrama
Osteobrama is a genus of fish, consisting of 10 species. The name is derived from the Greek word osteon, meaning "bone", and the Old French word breme, a type of freshwater fish. [more]
Osteochilichthys
Osteochilus
Oxygaster
Oxygymnocypris
Pachychilon
Pachychilon is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Paedocypris
Parabarbus
Parabramis
The white Amur bream (Parabramis pekinensis) is a species of fish, of the monotypic genus Parabramis. The species was originally described as Abramis pekinensis. The name is derived from the Greek word para, meaning "the side of ", and the Old French word breme, a type of freshwater fish. [more]
Paracanthobrama
Paracheilognathus
Parachela
Paracrossochilus
Paralaubuca
Parapsilorhynchus
Pararasbora
Pararhinichthys
Parasikukia
Parasinilabeo
Paraspinibarbus
Parasqualidus
Parator
Parazacco
Parluciosoma
Pectenocypris
Pelecus
The ziege or sabre carp (Pelecus cultratus) is a species of in the Cyprinidae family, and the only species of its genus. [more]
Percocypris
Petroleuciscus
Petroleuciscus is a genus of 6 species of in the Cyprinidae family. It was usually included in Leuciscus until recently. This genus unites the Ponto-Caspian chubs and daces. [more]
Phenacobius
Phenacobius, the suckermouth , is a genus of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Photogenis
Phoxinellus
Phoxinellus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Phoxinus
Phoxinus is a of freshwater fish in the carp family (family Cyprinidae) of order Cypriniformes. The type species is Phoxinus phoxinus, the Common Minnow. The North American members of this genus are known as redbelly daces, and the Old World ones as Eurasian minnows. The latter term is also used specifically for P. phoxinus in some regions, but can technically refer to any Eurasian species of Phoxinus. [more]
Phreatichthys
Phreatichthys andruzzii is a species of in the Cyprinidae family, and the only species of the genus Phreatichthys. It is endemic to Somalia. [more]
Pimephales
Pimephales, commonly known as the bluntnose (a term used locally to refer to Pimephales notatus specifically), is a genus of cyprinid fish found in North America. All of the four species are small fish, with P. notatus being the largest at 11 cm. [more]
Pimephalus
Placocheilus
Placogobio
Plagiognathops
Plagopterus
The woundfin (Plagopterus argentissimus) is a of minnow endemic to the Virgin River of the southwestern United States. It is a slender, silvery minnow, with a flattened head and belly, long snout, leathery skin, and no scales. There are barbels on the corners of its lips, and its common name likely comes from the first spinous ray of its dorsal fin, which is sharp-pointed. Its maximum length is rarely more than 7.5 cm (3 in). [more]
Platygobio
Platypharodon
Platysmacheilus
Pogobrama
Pogonichthys
The splittails are a genus Pogonichthys of fish, consisting of two species native to western North America. [more]
Poropuntius
Poropuntius is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Probarbus
Probarbus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Procypris
Prolabeo
Prolabeops
Pseudaspius
Pseudobarbus
Pseudobarbus is a genus of fish, consisting of 7 species. The type species is the Burchell's redfin, Pseudobarbus burchelli. The name is derived from the Greek word pseudes, meaning "false", and the Latin word barbus, meaning "barbel". [more]
Pseudobrama
Pseudogobio
Pseudohemiculter
Pseudolaubuca
Pseudoperilampus
Pseudophoxinus
Pseudophoxinus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Pseudopungtungia
Pseudorasbora
Pteronotropis
Ptychidio
Ptychobarbus
Ptychocheilus
Squawfish or pikeminnows are fish of the genus Ptychocheilus consisting of four species native to western North America. Voracious predators, they are considered an "undesirable" species in many waters. This is largely due to the species' perceived tendency to prey upon small trout and salmon. "Squawfish" is their traditional name. In 1999, the American Fisheries Society adopted "pikeminnow" as the name it recommends, because some Native Americans considered "squawfish" offensive. [more]
Pungtungia
Pungtungis
Puntioplites
Puntius
Puntius is a of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae of the order Cypriniformes. Fishes of this genus are known as the spotted barbs for the predominant pattern, though many have vertical black bands instead. Also, the Spotted Barb proper is one particular species, Puntius binotatus. The name Puntius comes from pungti, a Bangla term for small cyprinids. The type species is the Pool Barb (Puntius sophore), first described as Cyprinus sophore by Hamilton in 1822. [more]
Qianlabeo
Racoma
Raiamas
Raiamas is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Raimas
Rasbora
A rasbora is member of a group of small minnow-type fish in the family (carps). Fish from genera such as Boraras, Microrasbora, Rasbora and Trigonostigma are commonly referred to as rasboras. The genus Microrasbora may be more closely related to danios than other genera in this group while the genera Boraras and Trignonstigma were split from Rasbora. Currently the genus Rasbora remains the largest one, containing around 70 species, which can be found in Southeast Asia and Africa. [more]
Rasborichthys
Rasborinus
Rasboroides
Rastrineobola
Rastrineobola is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Rectoris
Relictus
The relict dace Relictus solitarius, is an endangered fish of the Great Basin of western North America. It is the sole member of its genus. [more]
Rhinichthys
Rhinichthys, the riffle , is a genus of freshwater fish in the carp family (Cyprinidae) of the order Cypriniformes. The type species is Rhinichthys atratulus, the blacknose dace. Rhinichthys species range throughout North America. [more]
Rhinogobio
Rhodeoides
Rhodeus
Rhodeus is a genus of fish, consisting of 18 species called bitterlings. The scientific name is derived from the Greek word rhodeos, meaning "rose". [more]
Rhynchocypris
Richardsonius
Richardsonius is a of cyprinid fish consisting of two species native to western North America. Commonly known as redside shiners, that term is also used to refer to Richardsonius balteatus specifically. [more]
Rohita
Rohtee
Rohteichthys
Romanogobio
Rostrogobio
Rutilus
Rutilus ( for "ruddy") is a genus of fishes in the family Cyprinidae, commonly called roaches. Locally, the name "roach" without any further qualifiers is also used for particular species, particularly the Common Roach (R. rutilus). [more]
Salmophasia
Salmostoma
Sanagia
Sarcocheilichthy
Sarcocheilichthys
Saurogobio
Sawbwa
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Scaphesthes
Scaphiodonichthys
Scaphognathops
Scaphognathus
Scardinius
Scardinius is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family commonly called rudds. Locally, the name "rudd" without any further qualifiers is also used for particular species, particularly the Common Rudd (S. erythrophthalmus). [more]
Schismatorhynchos
Schizocypris
Schizopyge
Schizopygopsis
Schizothorax
Schizothorax is a genus of fish. The type species is Schizothorax plagiostomus. The name is derived from the Greek word schizein, meaning "to divide", and the Greek word thorax, meaning "breast". [more]
Securicula
Semilabeo
Semiplotus
Semotilus
Semotilus is the genus of creek , ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. The term "creek chub" is sometimes used for individual species, particularly the Common Creek Chub, S. atromaculatus. [more]
Sikukia
Sinibrama
Sinibrama is a small genus of fishes, the five currently recognized species distributed in south China, Taiwan, Laos and Vietnam. These are silvery fishes with deep, laterally compressed bodies, large eyes and terminal mouths. They tend to grow no larger than 20 cm standard length. [more]
Sinilabeo
Sinocrossocheilus
Sinocyclocheilus
Sinocyclocheilus is a genus of fish endemic to China. Amost all of its species live in or around caves. The type species is Sinocyclocheilus tingi. The name is derived from the Latin word sino, meaning "from China", and the Greek word kyklos, meaning "circle", and the Greek word cheilos, meaning "lip". [more]
Snyderichthys
The leatherside chub, Snyderichthys copei is a fish of western North America. [more]
Spinibarbus
Spratellicypris
Squalidus
Squaliobarbus
Squalius
Squalius is a genus in the family Cyprinidae, containing the European chubs (the "European Chub" proper is S. cephalus). This genus belongs to the subfamily Leuciscinae as other chubs and daces generally do. [more]
Stypodon
Stypodon is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Sundadanio
Sundadanio axelrodi is a in the family Cyprinidae, the only species in the genus Sundadanio. Originally described as a rasbora, Rasbora axelrodi, this tiny species was later deemed to be more closely related to the danios but not enough to be moved into the genus Danio. It has a number of color morphs. Sundadanio reaches a maximum size of 2.3 cm (0.9 in). [more]
Systomus
Tanakia
Tanakia is a genus of fish, consisting of 3 species. The type species is the Rhodeus oryzae. [more]
Tanichthys
Tanichthys , 1932, is a genus of freshwater fish in the carp family (family Cyprinidae) of order Cypriniformes. Until recently, the type species, Tanichthys albonubes, was the only one known. In 2001, however, Freyhof and Herder described a new and very similar species, Tanichthys micagemmae, from the Ben Hai River in Vietnam. [more]
Telestes
Telestes is a of cyprinid fish. It was formerly usually included in Leuciscus. [more]
Thryssocypris
Thynnichthys
Tiaroga
The loach minnow (Rhinichthys cobitis) is a of freshwater fish. It is a member of the carp family (family Cyprinidae) of order Cypriniformes. It is common in streams and small rivers throughout the Gila River and San Pedro River systems in Arizona, New Mexico, and Sonora. [more]
Tigoma
Tinca
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Tor
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Toxabramis
Tribolodon
Trigonostigma
A rasbora is member of a group of small minnow-type fish in the family (carps). Fish from genera such as Boraras, Microrasbora, Rasbora and Trigonostigma are commonly referred to as rasboras. The genus Microrasbora may be more closely related to danios than other genera in this group while the genera Boraras and Trignonstigma were split from Rasbora. Currently the genus Rasbora remains the largest one, containing around 70 species, which can be found in Southeast Asia and Africa. [more]
Troglocyclocheilus
Tropidophoxinellus
Tropidophoxinellus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Tylognathus
Tylognathus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Typhlobarbus
Typhlobarbus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Typhlogarra
Typhlogarra widdowsoni is a species of in the Cyprinidae family, of the monotypic genus Typhlogarra. It is found only in Iraq. [more]
Varicorhinus
Varicorhinus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Vimba
Vimba is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Xenobarbus
Xenocyprioides
Xenocypris
Xenophysogobio
Xystrosus
Yaoshanicus
Yuriria
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Zacco
At least 18 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Zacco.
More info about the Genus Zacco may be found here.
References
- FishBase (2004): Family Cyprinidae - Minnows or carps. Version of 2004-NOV-22. Retrieved 2007-03-05.
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FFWCC) (2006): Florida's Exotic Freshwater Fishes. Retrieved 2007-03-05.
- Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (GSMFC) (2005): Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758). Version of 2005-08-03. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
- He, Shunping; Mayden, Richard L.;Wang, Xuzheng; Wang, Wei; Tang, Kevin L.; Chen, Wei-Jen & Chen, Yiyu (2008a): Molecular phylogenetics of the family Cyprinidae (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) as evidenced by sequence variation in the first intron of S7 ribosomal protein-coding gene: Further evidence from a nuclear gene of the systematic chaos in the family. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 46(3): 818–829. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.001 PDF fulltext
- He, Shunping; Gub, Xun; Mayden, Richard L.; Chen, Wei-Jen; Conway, Kevin W. & Chen, Yiyu (2008b): Phylogenetic position of the enigmatic genus Psilorhynchus (Ostariophysi: Cypriniformes): Evidence from the mitochondrial genome. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 47(1): 419–425. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.012 PDF fulltext
- Helfman, G.; Collette, B. & Facey, D. (1997): The Diversity of Fishes. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-86542-256-7
- Howes, G.J. (1991): Systematics and biogeography: an overview. In: Winfield, I.J. & Nelson, J.S. (eds.): Biology of Cyprinids: 1–33. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London.
- Magri MacMahon, A.F. (1946): Fishlore. Pelican Books.
- Nelson, Joseph S. (2006): Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0471250317
- Riehl, R. & Baensch, H. (1996): Aquarium Atlas 1. Voyageur Press. ISBN 3-88244-050-3
Footnotes
- ^ Fishbase (2004), Nelson (2006)
- ^ a b c He et al. (2008b)
- ^ Nelson (2006)
- ^ Magri MacMahon (1946): pp.149-152
- ^ GSMFC (2005), FFWCC [2008]
- ^ Riehl & Baensch (1996): p.410
- ^ Helfman et al. (1997): p.228
- ^ a b He et al. ( 2008a)
- ^ Howes (1991)
Sources
- The text on this page is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It includes material from Wikipedia retrieved Thursday, August 13, 2009.
- The distribution map on the Distribution tab comes from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and is used with permission.
- Photographs on this page are copyrighted by individual photographers, and individual copyrights apply.
- The GMapImageCutter is used under license from the UCL Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis.
- The technology underlying this page, including the Image Browser and controls behind Keep Exploring, is owned by the BayScience Foundation. All rights are reserved.
