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Cyprinidae

(Family)

Overview

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The Cyprinidae, from the Ancient Greek ??p????? (kuprinos "carp")[1], consists of the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives (e.g. the barbs). They are commonly called cyprinids or carp and minnow family. It is the largest family of fresh-water fish, with over 2,400 species in about 220 genera. The family belongs to the order Cypriniformes, of whose genera and species the cyprinids make up two-thirds.1]

Following the discovery that the mysterious mountain carps are a peculiar lineage of cyprinids, they are included herein, tentatively as subfamily Psilorhynchinae.[2]

Description

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Giant Barbs (Catlocarpio siamensis) are the largest members of this family

The fish in this family are native to North America, Africa, and Eurasia. The largest cyprinid in this family is the Giant Barb (Catlocarpio siamensis), which may grow up to 3 metres (9.8 ft). The largest North American species is the Colorado Pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius), of which individuals up to 6 feet (1.8 m) long and weighing over 100 pounds (45 kg) have been recorded.

On the other hand, many species are smaller than 5 centimetres (2.0 in). As of 2008, the smallest known freshwater fish is a cypriniform, Danionella translucida, reaching 12 millimetres (0.47 in) at the longest.[3] All fish in this family are egg-layers and most do not guard their eggs, however, there are a few species that build nests and/or guard the eggs. The bitterling-like cyprinids (Acheilognathinae) are notable for depositing their eggs in bivalve molluscs, where the young grow up until able to fend for themselves.

U.S.A. By Humans

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Proud angler with 17 kg Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Cyprinids are highly important food fish; they are fished and farmed< /a> across Eurasia. In land-locked countries in particular, cyprinids are often the major species of fish eaten, although the prevalence of inexpensive frozen fish products made this less important now than it was in earlier times. Nonetheless, in certain places they remain popular for food as well as recreational fishing, and have been deliberately stocked in ponds and lakes for centuries for this reason.[4]

Several cyprinids have been introduced to waters outside their natural range to provide food, sport, or biological control for some pest species. The Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) are the most important of these, for example in Florida. In some cases, these have become invasive species that compete with native fishes or disrupt the environment, carp in particular can stir up the riverbed reducing the clarity of the water making it difficult for plants to grow.[5]

One of the more unusual goldfish breeds: A variegated pearlscale with an oranda-type wen ("cap").

Numerous cyprinids have become important in the aquarium hobby, most famously the Goldfish, which was bred in China from the Prussian Carp (Carassius (auratus) gibelio). First imported into Europe around 1728, it was much fancied by Chinese nobility as early as 1150 AD and after it arrived there in 1502, also in Japan. In the latter country, from the 18th century onwards the Common Carp was bred into the ornamental variety known as koi – or more accurately nishikigoi (??), as koi (?) simply means "Common Carp" in Japanese.

Other popular aquarium cyprinids include danionins, rasborines and true barbs.[6] Larger species are bred by the thousands in outdoor ponds, particularly in Southeast Asia, and trade in these aquarium fishes is of considerable commercial importance. The small rasborines and danionines are perhaps only rivalled by characids and poecilid livebearers in their popularity for community aquaria.

One particular species of these small and undemanding danionines is the Zebrafish (Danio rerio). It has become the standard model species for studying developmental genetics of vertebrates, in particular fish.[7]

Habitat destruction and other causes have reduced the wild stocks of several cyprinids to dangerously low levels; some are already entirely extinct. In particular, Leuciscinae from southwestern North America have been hit hard by pollution and unsustainable water use in the early-mid 20th century; most globally extinct Cypriniformes species are in fact Leuciscinae from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.

Systematics

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Itasenpara Bitterling (Acheilognathus longipinnis: Acheilognathinae)
The "Odessa Barb" is a popular aquarium fish of the Barbinae, but its exact affiliations were only resolved in 2007/2008.
Golden Crucian Carp (Carassius carassius: Cyprininae). The ancestors of goldfish were very similar fishes.
Blue Danio (Danio kerri: Danioninae)
Pseudogobio esocinus (Gobioninae)
Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix: Hypophthalmichthyinae)
Rohu (Labeo rohita) of the disputed Labeoninae)

The massive diversity of cyprinids has so far made it difficult to resolve their phylogeny in sufficient detail to make assignment to subfamilies more than tentative in many cases. It is obvious that some distinct lineages exist – for example, Cultrinae and Leuciscinae, regardless of their exact delimitation, are rather close relatives and stand apart from Cyprininae[2] –, but the overall systematics and taxonomy of the Cyprinidae remain a subject of considerable debate. A large number of genera are incertae sedis, too equivocal in their traits and/or too little-studied to permit assignment to a particular subfamily with any certainty.

Part of the solution seems that the delicate rasborines are the core group, consisting of minor lineages that have not shifted far from their evolutionary niche, or have co-evolved, for millions of years. These are among the most basal lineages of living cyprinids. Other "rasborines" are apparently distributed across the diverse lineages of the family.[8]

The validity and circumscription of proposed subfamilies like Labeoninae or Squaliobarbinae also remains doubtful, although the latter do appear to correspond to a distinct lineage. The sometimes-seen grouping of the large-headed carps (Hypophthalmichthyinae) with Xenocypris, on the other hand, seems quite in error. More likely, they are part of the Cultrinae.[8]

The Barbinae and the disputed Labeoninae might be better treated as part of the Cyprininae, forming a close-knit group whose internal relationships are still little known.[9] However, as noted above, how various minor lineages tie into this has not yet been resolved. Therefore such a radical move, though reasonable, is probably premature.[citation needed]

The Tench (Tinca tinca), a significant food species farmed in western Eurasia in large numbers, is unusual. It is most often grouped with the Leuciscinae, but even when these were rather loosely circumscribed, it always stood apart. A cladistic analysis of DNA sequence data of the S7 ribosomal protein intron 1 supports the view that it is distinct enough to constitute a monotypic subfamily. It also suggests that it may be closer to the small East Asian Aphyocypris, Hemigrammocypris, and Yaoshanicus. They would have diverged roughly at the same time from cyprinids of east-central Asia, perhaps as a result of the Alpide orogeny that vastly changed the topography of that region in the late Paleogene, when their divergence presumably occurred.[2]

Flame Chub (Hemitremia flammea), one of the chubs in the Leuciscinae)
Ide (Leuciscus idus), one of the Eurasian daces
Sailfin Shiner (Notropis hypselopterus), a small and colorful shiner of the Leuciscinae)
Chinese Minnow (Phoxinus oxycephalus), a minnow related to some North American daces

Subfamily Leuciscinae – chubs, daces, true minnows, roaches, shiners etc.

Trigonostigma somphongsi ("Rasborinae", probably not too distant from the Blue Danio above)
Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus: Squaliobarbinae)
Hemigrammocypris rasborella is of uncertain relationships.
It might be close to Aphyocypris.
Mahseers are peculiar cyprinids in the genera Naziritor, Neolissochilus and Tor, sometimes united in the last.

incertae sedis

Photos

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Taxonomy

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The Family Cyprinidae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Aaptosyax

Aaptosyax grypus is a species of in the Cyprinidae family, of the monotypic genus Aaptosyax. It is endemic to the middle reaches of the Mekong River in Laos and Thailand. [more]

Abbotina

[more]

Abbottina

[more]

Abramidopsis

[more]

Abramis

Abramis is a of freshwater fish in family family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes, containing the typical breams. The type species is A. brama, the carp bream. Native to the Palearctic ecozone, the Abramis species are widespread throughout northern Europe from France to the Caspian Sea. [more]

Acahara

[more]

Acanthalburnus

[more]

Acanthobrama

Acanthobrama is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]

Acanthogobio

[more]

Acanthorhodeus

Acanthorhodeus is a genus of fish, consisting of two species. [more]

Acanthorutilus

Acanthorutilus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Acapoeta

Acapoeta is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Acheilognathus

Acheilognathus is a genus of fish, consisting of several species. The type species is the Capoeta rhombea. The name is derived from the greek a, meaning "without", the Greek cheilos, meaning "lip", and the Greek gnathos, meaning "jaw". [more]

Acrocheilus

The chiselmouth is an unusual fish of western North America. It is named for the sharp hard plate on its lower jaw, which is used to scrape rocks for algae. It belongs into the monotypic genus Acrocheilus and is a close relative of the Gila western chubs (Simons & Mayden 1997). [more]

Acrossocheilus

Mahseer is the used for the genera Tor, Neolissochilus, and Naziritor in the family Cyprinidae (carps). The name Mahseer is however more often restricted to members of the genus Tor. The range of this fish is from Malaysia, Indonesia, across southern Asia to Pakistan, including the Indian Peninsula. They are commercially important game fish, as well as highly esteemed food fish. Mahseer fetch high market price, and are potential candidate species for aquaculture. Several of the larger species have suffered severe declines, and are now considered threatened due to pollution, habitat loss and overfishing. [more]

Agosia

[more]

Albulichthys

[more]

Alburnoides

Alburnoides is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]

Alburnus

Alburnus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Algansea

[more]

Amblypharyngodon

[more]

Amblyrhynchichthys

[more]

Anabarilius

Anabarilius is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Anaecypris

Anaecypris hispanica is a species in the family Cyprinidae, the only living member of the genus Anaecypris. It is found in Spain and Portugal. [more]

Ancherythroculter

[more]

Aphyocypris

[more]

Aristichthys

[more]

Aspidoparia

[more]

Aspiolucius

Aspiolucius is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Aspiorhynchus

[more]

Aspius

[more]

Atrilinea

[more]

Aulopyge

The Dalmatian Barbelgudgeon (Aulopyge huegelii) is a species of in the Cyprinidae family. It is found in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. Its natural habitats are rivers, intermittent rivers, intermittent freshwater lakes, and inland karsts. The generic name is derived from the Greek word aulos, meaning "flute", and the Greek word pyge, meaning "tail". [more]

Aztecula

[more]

Balantiocheilos

Balantiocheilos is a small of cyprinid fish. It includes two species, B. ambusticauda and B. melanopterus. [more]

Ballerus

[more]

Bangana

[more]

Barbichthys

[more]

Barbodes

Barbodes is a genus of fish, consisting of 14 species. The name is derived from the Latin word barbus, meaning "barbel", and the Greek word oides, meaning "similar to". [more]

Barboides

[more]

Barbonymus

Barbonymus is a of fish in the Cyprinidae family, containing some barb species. The genus is relatively new, with many of its members reclassified from the Barbus and Barbodes genera. The type species is the tinfoil barb (Barbus schwanenfeldii, now called Barbonymus schwanenfeldii). [more]

Barbopsis

Barbopsis is a of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Barbus

Barbus is a of fish in the Cyprinidae family. The type species of this genus is the Common Barbel, first described as Cyprinus barbus and now called Barbus barbus. [more]

Barilius

[more]

Belligobio

[more]

Bertinius

[more]

Biwia

[more]

Blicca

[more]

Boraras

A rasbora is member of a group of small minnow-type fish in the family (carps). Fish from genera such as Boraras, Microrasbora, Rasbora and Trigonostigma are commonly referred to as rasboras. The genus Microrasbora may be more closely related to danios than other genera in this group while the genera Boraras and Trignonstigma were split from Rasbora. Currently the genus Rasbora remains the largest one, containing around 70 species, which can be found in Southeast Asia and Africa. [more]

Brachydanio

The danionins are a group of small -type fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. Members of this group are mostly in the genera Danio and Devario. They are native to the fresh waters of southeast Asia. Many species are brightly colored and are available as aquarium fish worldwide. Danio tend to have horizontal stripes and long barbels, Devario tend to have vertical bars and short rudimentary barbels, if barbels are present at all. All danionins are egg scatterers and breed in the rainy season in the wild. They are carnivores living on insects and small crustaceans in the wild. [more]

Cabdio

[more]

Caecobarbus

Caecobarbus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Caecocypris

Caecocypris is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Campostoma

[more]

Candidia

[more]

Capoeta

Capoeta is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It was formerly included within the Barbus-Puntius complex. Today, it is restricted to a group of western Asian forms around the type species. [more]

Capoetobrama

[more]

Carasobarbus

[more]

Carassioides

[more]

Carassius

Carassius is a genus in the family . The species in this genus are commonly known as Crucian carps, though this term can also specifically refer to Carassius carassius. The most well known is the goldfish which was bred from the Prussian Carp. [more]

Carpio

[more]

Catla

Gibelion catla, the only member of the genus Gibelion, of the carp family is a fish with a large protruding lower jaw. It is commonly found in rivers and freshwater lakes in Bangladesh, Pakistan and lakes of South Asia. [more]

Catlocarpio

[more]

Cephalakompsus

Ceratichthys

[more]

Ceraticthys

[more]

Chagunius

[more]

Chalcalburnus

Chalcalburnus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]

Chanodichthys

Chanodichthys is a genus of fish, consisting of 5 species. The type species is the Mongolian redfin, Leptocephalus mongolicus. The name is derived from the Greek word chanos, meaning "abyss, mouth opened, inmensity", and the Greek word ichthys, meaning "fish". [more]

Chela

Chela has two main meanings. One derivation comes from (cela) from Sanskrit (ceta), meaning "slave" or "servant". In English, the word means a religious student or disciple. The other derivation comes from Greek (chele) and Latin (chela), meaning "claw", now specifically that of an arthropod. [more]

Chelaethiops

Chelaethiops is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Cheonda

[more]

Chondrostoma

Chondrostoma is a of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly known as nases, though this term is also used locally to denote particular species, most frequently the Common Nase (C. nasus). [more]

Chrosomus

[more]

Chuanchia

[more]

Cirrhinus

[more]

Clarkina

Clinostomus

[more]

Cliola

[more]

Coomochilus

[more]

Coptostomabarbus

[more]

Coreius

[more]

Coreoleuciscus

[more]

Cosmochilus

[more]

Couesius

[more]

Crossocheilus

[more]

Ctenopharyngodon

The Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is a , freshwater fish species of family Cyprinidae, and the only species of the genus Ctenopharyngodon. It is cultivated in China for food but was introduced in Europe and the United States for aquatic weed control. It is a large cyprind native to Eastern Asia, with a native range from Northern Vietnam to the Amur River on the Siberia-China border. It is a fish of large, turbid rivers and associated floodplain lakes, with a wide degree of temperature tolerance. Grass carp are usually thought to enter reproductive condition and spawn at temperatures of 20 to 30 C, but have been shown to sometimes spawn at temperatures as low as 15 C. [more]

Culter

Culter can refer to the following: [more]

Cultrichthys

[more]

Cultriculus

Cultrops

[more]

Cyclocheilichthys

[more]

Cyprinella

Cyprinella is the genus of satinfin , ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Cyprinion

[more]

Cyprinus

Cyprinus is the of typical carps in family Cyprinidae, most notable for its most widespread member, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The other species of this group are generally found in more restricted areas of Asia, in some cases occurring only in single lakes. [more]

Danio

The Danio genus comprises many of the species of familiar to aquarists. The common name "danio" is used for members of the genera Danio as well as Devario. [more]

Danionella

Danionella is a comprising the danionin species D. mirifica, D. translucida, and D. dracula, three of the smallest freshwater fishes. [more]

Devario

The genus Devario comprise of some familiar to aquarists. Generally (but not all) larger fish than Danios, they have short barbels (if present at all), and generally have deeper bodies than Danio species, with species having vertical stripes present (as well as horizontal). In size they range from 5 cm/ 2 in) to 15 cm/ 6 in). [more]

Dionda

Dionda is the genus of desert , small fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. They are native to the fresh waters or North And Central America. They are believed to feed primarily on algae. [more]

Diplocheilichthys

Diptychus

Diptychus is a genus of fish, consisting of 4 species. The type species is the scaly osman, Diptychus maculatus. The name is derived from the Greek word di, meaning "two", and the Greek word ptyx, meaning "fold". [more]

Discherodontus

Discherodontus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Discocheilus

[more]

Discogobio

[more]

Discolabeo

[more]

Distoechodon

[more]

Eirmotus

[more]

Elopichthys

[more]

Engraulicypris

Engraulicypris is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Epalzeorhynchos

[more]

Epalzeorhynchus

[more]

Eremichthys

The desert dace (Eremichthys acros) is a rare fish known only from the warm springs and creeks of Soldier Meadow in western Humboldt County, Nevada, USA. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Eremichthys. The species is also notable for its ability to live in waters as warm as 38 degrees Celsius (100 degrees Fahrenheit). It is the sole member of its genus Eremichthys. [more]

Erimonax

[more]

Erimystax

Erimystax is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. Members are commonly known as slender chubs, though "slender chub" is also used for individual species local to some area, particularly Erimystax cahni. [more]

Erinemus

[more]

Erogala

[more]

Erythroculter

Erythroculter hypselonotus is a species of fish, the sole member of the genus Erythroculter. This species was originally described as Culter erythropterus. The name is derived from the Greek word erythros, meaning "red", and the Latin word culter, meaning "knife". [more]

Esomus

Esomus is a comprising the Flying Barbs. they are closely related to the Danio genus and are distinctive for their extremely long barbels. [more]

Evarra

Evarra is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]

Exoglossum

Exoglossum is a of mound-building freshwater fish. Members are commonly known as cutlips minnows, though the individual species, particularly Exoglossum maxillingua, are also locally known by that name. [more]

Folifer

Gardonus

[more]

Garra

Garra, the garras, are a of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are sometimes placed in a subfamily Garrinae, but more often this group is included in the Labeoninae or together with these in the Cyprininae. The genus Discogobio is a close relative. [more]

Gibbibarbus

Gibbibarbus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Gila

[more]

Gnathopogon

[more]

Gobio

Gobio is the genus of typical , ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Gobiobotia

[more]

Gobiocypris

[more]

Gonorhynchus

The beaked salmon (also beaked sandfish) are a type of long thin ray-finned fish that live on sandy bottoms near shorelines. The approximately five known species are all in the single genus Gonorynchus (sometimes spelled Gonorhynchus) of the family Gonorynchidae (sometimes spelled Gonorhynchidae). All have a distinctive angular snout (hence the name) that the fish use to dig themselves into the sand. [more]

Gymnocypris

[more]

Gymnodanio

[more]

Gymnodiptychus

[more]

Gymnostomus

[more]

Hainania

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Hampala

Hampala is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family from South-East Asia. [more]

Hemibarbus

[more]

Hemiculter

Hemiculter is a genus of fish, consisting of 8 species. The type species is the Sharpbelly, Culter leucisculus. The name is derived from the Greek word hemis, meaning "half", and the Latin word culter, meaning "knife". [more]

Hemiculterella

[more]

Hemigrammocapoeta

Hemigrammocapoeta is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Hemigrammocypris

[more]

Hemitremia

The Flame Chub (Hemitremia flammea) is a species of in the Cyprinidae family. It is found only in the United States. [more]

Henicorhynchus

[more]

Herzensteinia

[more]

Hesperoleucus

The California roach, Hesperoleucus symmetricus, is a fish native to western North America and abundant in the intermittent streams throughout central California. It is the sole member of its genus. [more]

Horadandia

[more]

Horalabiosa

[more]

Huigobio

[more]

Hybognathus

Hybognathus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. Its members are collectively known as the silvery minnows. [more]

Hybopsis

[more]

Hyborhynchus

[more]

Hypophthalmichthys

Hypophthalmichthys is a genus of fish consisting of three species. The name comes from Greek , (hypó) "below"; ?f?a?µ?? (ophthalmós), "eye"; ????? (ichthys), "fish", thus "fish with eyes below" referring to the fact that the fish has its eyes below the mouth line. [more]

Hypopthalmichthys

[more]

Hypselobarbus

[more]

Hypsibarbus

[more]

Iberocypris

[more]

Inlecypris

Inlecypris is a closely related to Devario comprising two smallish barred fish from Lake Inle in Myanmar. [more]

Iotichthys

The Least Chub (Iotichthys phlegethontis) is a species of in the Cyprinidae family, the only member of the genus Iotichthys. It is found only in the United States. It's native habitat formerly included much of the Bonneville Basin and it was widely distributed in freshwater ponds, swamps, springs, and tributaries around the Great Salt Lake, Utah Lake, and Sevier Lake. Populations were also abundant in springs within the Snake and Utah valleys. Due to habitat degradation and introduction of non-native fishes, it is currently limited to a few spring complexes. The least chub is a small minnow, with a maximum size of less than 2.5 inches. It is the smallest of seven chubs native to Utah. Least chub eat primarily algae and small invertebrates, including mosquito larvae. Spawning occurs during the spring and early summer. Eggs are fertilized in the water, and then sink until they attach to vegetation or the substrate. No parental care is given to eggs or young. Th e least chub is a schooling species that prefers areas of dense vegetation in slow-moving water. The Least Chub populations suffered a steep decline in the 1940s and 50s, though the decline wasn't noticed until the 70s. Reasons for the decline include habitat destruction from cattle grazing on and trampling streamside vegetation, water diversion, mineral and energy development, and non-native fishes. Studies indicate that where non-native fishes such as largemouth bass, trout, and mosquitofish are introduced, few if any least chub remain. Though the distribution of the Least Chub is still limited, the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and other conservation groups have reintroduced the fish into suitable habitats, often removing non-native fish prior to stocking. Other conservation efforts include working with ranchers to fence off critical spring complexes to prevent habitat destruction from cattle grazing. Recently the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources teamed up with mosquito abatement districts in Davi s and Salt Lake counties (Utah) to distribute the fish to 240 backyard ponds to evaluate it as a potential mosquitofish replacement. Researchers will monitor how well the chub compete against the more aggressive mosquitofish in ponds where they are both stocked. Ponds with only the lest chub will be monitored to determine whether they can control mosquito larvae as effectively as the mosquitofish or if more chubs will be required to do the same job. [more]

Iranocypris

Iranocypris typhlops is a species of in the Cyprinidae family, the only member of the monotypic genus Iranocypris. It is endemic to Iran. [more]

Ischikauia

Ischikauia steenackeri is a species of fish, of the monotypic genus Ischikauia. This species was originally described as Opsariichthys steenackeri. [more]

Kalimantania

[more]

Kosswigobarbus

Kosswigobarbus kosswigi is a species of fish of the monotypic genus Kosswigobarbus. It was originally described as Cyclocheilichthys kosswigi. [more]

Labeo

Labeo is a genus of "" in the family Cyprinidae. It contains the typical labeos in the subfamily Labeoninae, which may not be a valid group however (though its precise affiliations are still unknown). [more]

Labeobarbus

[more]

Labiobarbus

[more]

Ladigesocypris

Ladigesocypris is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]

Ladislabia

Ladislavia

[more]

Lagowskiella

[more]

Laocypris

[more]

Lavinia

[more]

Lepidomeda

Lepidomeda, commonly known as the spinedaces, is a genus of fish found in western North America. Of the four known species, one is extinct and two are threatened. They appear to be fairly close to the Leatherside chub and the spikedaces (genus Meda), but the phylogeny and indeed the validity of the proposed "plagopterin" clade is insufficiently resolved (Simons & Mayden 1997). [more]

Lepidopygopsis

[more]

Leptobarbus

Leptobarbus is a of cyprinid fish that originate from Asia. They are important food fish. Leptobarbus hoevenii is its type species. [more]

Leptocypris

[more]

Leucalburnus

[more]

Leucaspius

Leucaspius is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]

Leuciscus

Leuciscus is a of fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly called Eurasian daces; familiar species include the Common Dace and Ide. The genus is widespread form Europe to Siberia. [more]

Leucistus

Leucogobio

[more]

Leucosomus

[more]

Linichthys

[more]

Lissochilus

[more]

Longiculter

[more]

Luciobrama

[more]

Luciocyprinus

[more]

Luciosoma

[more]

Luxilus

[more]

Lythrurus

Lythrurus is the genus of finescale , ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae [more]

Macrhybopsis

Macrhybopsis is the genus of blacktail , ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. [more]

Macrochirichthys

[more]

Mandibularca

Mandibularca is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Margariscus

[more]

Meda

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Megalobrama

Megalobrama is a genus of fish, consisting of 6 species. The type species is Megalobrama skolkovii. The name is derived from the Greek word megalos, meaning "great", and the Old French word breme, a type of freshwater fish. [more]

Megarasbora

[more]

Mekongina

[more]

Mesobola

Mesobola is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Mesocyprinus

[more]

Mesogobio

[more]

Mesopotamichthys

[more]

Messinobarbus

Messinobarbus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Metzia

[more]

Microphysogobio

[more]

Microrasbora

Microrasbora is a of small fishes. The generic name means "small Rasbora", however these fish appear to be more closely related to the danios than rasboras. They inhabit mainly Thailand and Myanmar; Microrasbora rubescens has escaped from aquariums and is now an invasive species in many temperate regions, apparently benefitting from global warming.[verification needed] [more]

Moapa

Moapa may mean: [more]

Moniana

[more]

Moroco

Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country located in with a population of nearly 32 million and an area just under 447,000 square kilometres (173,000 sq mi). Its capital is Rabat, and its largest city is Casablanca. Morocco has a coast on the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Algeria to the east, Spain to the north (a water border through the Strait and land borders with three small Spanish enclaves, Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera), and Mauritania to the south via its Western Saharan territories. [more]

Morulius

[more]

Mylocheilus

[more]

Mylopharodon

[more]

Mylopharyngodon

[more]

Mystacoleucus

[more]

Naziritor

[more]

Nemachilus

[more]

Nematabramis

[more]

Neobola

Neobola is a of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Neolissochilus

Mahseer is the used for the genera Tor, Neolissochilus, and Naziritor in the family Cyprinidae (carps). The name Mahseer is however more often restricted to members of the genus Tor. The range of this fish is from Malaysia, Indonesia, across southern Asia to Pakistan, including the Indian Peninsula. They are commercially important game fish, as well as highly esteemed food fish. Mahseer fetch high market price, and are potential candidate species for aquaculture. Several of the larger species have suffered severe declines, and are now considered threatened due to pollution, habitat loss and overfishing. [more]

Neomacheilus

Nicholsicypris

[more]

Nocomis

[more]

Notemigonus

The golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) is a fish native to eastern North America. It is the sole member of its genus. Much used as a bait fish, it is probably the most widely pond-cultured fish in the United States. [more]

Notropis

Notropis, commonly known as the eastern shiners or (locally) simply "", is a genus of cyprinid fish found in North America, and is the second largest genus of freshwater fish on the continent. Most small minnows found in North American belong to Notropis. Not all small cyprinids commonly referred to as "shiners" belong to Notropis (Page & Burr 1991). Their closest relatives appear to be the genera Cyprinella (satinfin shiners) and Platygobio (flathead chubs), though their precise relationships have not yet been robustly resolved (Simons & Mayden 1997). [more]

Ochetobius

[more]

Onychostoma

Onychostoma is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Opsarichthys

[more]

Opsaridium

Opsaridium is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]

Opsariichthys

[more]

Opsarius

[more]

Opsopoeodus

[more]

Oregonichthys

Oregonichthys is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. Collectively known as Oregon chubs, that term can also refer to O. crameri in particular. [more]

Oreichthys

[more]

Oreinus

[more]

Oreoleuciscus

[more]

Orthodon

The Sacramento blackfish, Orthodon microlepidotus, is a fish of central California. It is the sole member of its genus. [more]

Ospatulus

Ospatulus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Osteobrama

Osteobrama is a genus of fish, consisting of 10 species. The name is derived from the Greek word osteon, meaning "bone", and the Old French word breme, a type of freshwater fish. [more]

Osteochilichthys

[more]

Osteochilus

[more]

Oxygaster

[more]

Oxygymnocypris

[more]

Pachychilon

Pachychilon is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]

Paedocypris

[more]

Parabarbus

[more]

Parabramis

The white Amur bream (Parabramis pekinensis) is a species of fish, of the monotypic genus Parabramis. The species was originally described as Abramis pekinensis. The name is derived from the Greek word para, meaning "the side of ", and the Old French word breme, a type of freshwater fish. [more]

Paracanthobrama

[more]

Paracheilognathus

[more]

Parachela

Paracrossochilus

[more]

Paralaubuca

[more]

Parapsilorhynchus

[more]

Pararasbora

[more]

Pararhinichthys

[more]

Parasikukia

[more]

Parasinilabeo

[more]

Paraspinibarbus

[more]

Parasqualidus

[more]

Parator

[more]

Parazacco

[more]

Parluciosoma

[more]

Pectenocypris

[more]

Pelecus

The ziege or sabre carp (Pelecus cultratus) is a species of in the Cyprinidae family, and the only species of its genus. [more]

Percocypris

[more]

Petroleuciscus

Petroleuciscus is a genus of 6 species of in the Cyprinidae family. It was usually included in Leuciscus until recently. This genus unites the Ponto-Caspian chubs and daces. [more]

Phenacobius

Phenacobius, the suckermouth , is a genus of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. [more]

Photogenis

[more]

Phoxinellus

Phoxinellus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Phoxinus

Phoxinus is a of freshwater fish in the carp family (family Cyprinidae) of order Cypriniformes. The type species is Phoxinus phoxinus, the Common Minnow. The North American members of this genus are known as redbelly daces, and the Old World ones as Eurasian minnows. The latter term is also used specifically for P. phoxinus in some regions, but can technically refer to any Eurasian species of Phoxinus. [more]

Phreatichthys

Phreatichthys andruzzii is a species of in the Cyprinidae family, and the only species of the genus Phreatichthys. It is endemic to Somalia. [more]

Pimephales

Pimephales, commonly known as the bluntnose (a term used locally to refer to Pimephales notatus specifically), is a genus of cyprinid fish found in North America. All of the four species are small fish, with P. notatus being the largest at 11 cm. [more]

Pimephalus

Placocheilus

[more]

Placogobio

[more]

Plagiognathops

[more]

Plagopterus

The woundfin (Plagopterus argentissimus) is a of minnow endemic to the Virgin River of the southwestern United States. It is a slender, silvery minnow, with a flattened head and belly, long snout, leathery skin, and no scales. There are barbels on the corners of its lips, and its common name likely comes from the first spinous ray of its dorsal fin, which is sharp-pointed. Its maximum length is rarely more than 7.5 cm (3 in). [more]

Platygobio

[more]

Platypharodon

[more]

Platysmacheilus

[more]

Pogobrama

[more]

Pogonichthys

The splittails are a genus Pogonichthys of fish, consisting of two species native to western North America. [more]

Poropuntius

Poropuntius is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]

Probarbus

Probarbus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Procypris

[more]

Prolabeo

[more]

Prolabeops

[more]

Pseudaspius

[more]

Pseudobarbus

Pseudobarbus is a genus of fish, consisting of 7 species. The type species is the Burchell's redfin, Pseudobarbus burchelli. The name is derived from the Greek word pseudes, meaning "false", and the Latin word barbus, meaning "barbel". [more]

Pseudobrama

[more]

Pseudogobio

[more]

Pseudohemiculter

[more]

Pseudolaubuca

[more]

Pseudoperilampus

[more]

Pseudophoxinus

Pseudophoxinus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Pseudopungtungia

[more]

Pseudorasbora

[more]

Pteronotropis

[more]

Ptychidio

[more]

Ptychobarbus

[more]

Ptychocheilus

Squawfish or pikeminnows are fish of the genus Ptychocheilus consisting of four species native to western North America. Voracious predators, they are considered an "undesirable" species in many waters. This is largely due to the species' perceived tendency to prey upon small trout and salmon. "Squawfish" is their traditional name. In 1999, the American Fisheries Society adopted "pikeminnow" as the name it recommends, because some Native Americans considered "squawfish" offensive. [more]

Pungtungia

[more]

Pungtungis

[more]

Puntioplites

[more]

Puntius

Puntius is a of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae of the order Cypriniformes. Fishes of this genus are known as the spotted barbs for the predominant pattern, though many have vertical black bands instead. Also, the Spotted Barb proper is one particular species, Puntius binotatus. The name Puntius comes from pungti, a Bangla term for small cyprinids. The type species is the Pool Barb (Puntius sophore), first described as Cyprinus sophore by Hamilton in 1822. [more]

Qianlabeo

[more]

Racoma

[more]

Raiamas

Raiamas is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]

Raimas

Rasbora

A rasbora is member of a group of small minnow-type fish in the family (carps). Fish from genera such as Boraras, Microrasbora, Rasbora and Trigonostigma are commonly referred to as rasboras. The genus Microrasbora may be more closely related to danios than other genera in this group while the genera Boraras and Trignonstigma were split from Rasbora. Currently the genus Rasbora remains the largest one, containing around 70 species, which can be found in Southeast Asia and Africa. [more]

Rasborichthys

[more]

Rasborinus

[more]

Rasboroides

Rastrineobola

Rastrineobola is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Rectoris

[more]

Relictus

The relict dace Relictus solitarius, is an endangered fish of the Great Basin of western North America. It is the sole member of its genus. [more]

Rhinichthys

Rhinichthys, the riffle , is a genus of freshwater fish in the carp family (Cyprinidae) of the order Cypriniformes. The type species is Rhinichthys atratulus, the blacknose dace. Rhinichthys species range throughout North America. [more]

Rhinogobio

[more]

Rhodeoides

[more]

Rhodeus

Rhodeus is a genus of fish, consisting of 18 species called bitterlings. The scientific name is derived from the Greek word rhodeos, meaning "rose". [more]

Rhynchocypris

[more]

Richardsonius

Richardsonius is a of cyprinid fish consisting of two species native to western North America. Commonly known as redside shiners, that term is also used to refer to Richardsonius balteatus specifically. [more]

Rohita

[more]

Rohtee

[more]

Rohteichthys

[more]

Romanogobio

[more]

Rostrogobio

[more]

Rutilus

Rutilus ( for "ruddy") is a genus of fishes in the family Cyprinidae, commonly called roaches. Locally, the name "roach" without any further qualifiers is also used for particular species, particularly the Common Roach (R. rutilus). [more]

Salmophasia

[more]

Salmostoma

[more]

Sanagia

[more]

Sarcocheilichthy

[more]

Sarcocheilichthys

[more]

Saurogobio

[more]

Sawbwa

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Scaphesthes

[more]

Scaphiodonichthys

[more]

Scaphognathops

[more]

Scaphognathus

Scardinius

Scardinius is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family commonly called rudds. Locally, the name "rudd" without any further qualifiers is also used for particular species, particularly the Common Rudd (S. erythrophthalmus). [more]

Schismatorhynchos

[more]

Schizocypris

[more]

Schizopyge

[more]

Schizopygopsis

[more]

Schizothorax

Schizothorax is a genus of fish. The type species is Schizothorax plagiostomus. The name is derived from the Greek word schizein, meaning "to divide", and the Greek word thorax, meaning "breast". [more]

Securicula

[more]

Semilabeo

[more]

Semiplotus

[more]

Semotilus

Semotilus is the genus of creek , ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. The term "creek chub" is sometimes used for individual species, particularly the Common Creek Chub, S. atromaculatus. [more]

Sikukia

[more]

Sinibrama

Sinibrama is a small genus of fishes, the five currently recognized species distributed in south China, Taiwan, Laos and Vietnam. These are silvery fishes with deep, laterally compressed bodies, large eyes and terminal mouths. They tend to grow no larger than 20 cm standard length. [more]

Sinilabeo

[more]

Sinocrossocheilus

[more]

Sinocyclocheilus

Sinocyclocheilus is a genus of fish endemic to China. Amost all of its species live in or around caves. The type species is Sinocyclocheilus tingi. The name is derived from the Latin word sino, meaning "from China", and the Greek word kyklos, meaning "circle", and the Greek word cheilos, meaning "lip". [more]

Snyderichthys

The leatherside chub, Snyderichthys copei is a fish of western North America. [more]

Spinibarbus

[more]

Spratellicypris

[more]

Squalidus

[more]

Squaliobarbus

[more]

Squalius

Squalius is a genus in the family Cyprinidae, containing the European chubs (the "European Chub" proper is S. cephalus). This genus belongs to the subfamily Leuciscinae as other chubs and daces generally do. [more]

Stypodon

Stypodon is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Sundadanio

Sundadanio axelrodi is a in the family Cyprinidae, the only species in the genus Sundadanio. Originally described as a rasbora, Rasbora axelrodi, this tiny species was later deemed to be more closely related to the danios but not enough to be moved into the genus Danio. It has a number of color morphs. Sundadanio reaches a maximum size of 2.3 cm (0.9 in). [more]

Systomus

[more]

Tanakia

Tanakia is a genus of fish, consisting of 3 species. The type species is the Rhodeus oryzae. [more]

Tanichthys

Tanichthys , 1932, is a genus of freshwater fish in the carp family (family Cyprinidae) of order Cypriniformes. Until recently, the type species, Tanichthys albonubes, was the only one known. In 2001, however, Freyhof and Herder described a new and very similar species, Tanichthys micagemmae, from the Ben Hai River in Vietnam. [more]

Telestes

Telestes is a of cyprinid fish. It was formerly usually included in Leuciscus. [more]

Thryssocypris

[more]

Thynnichthys

[more]

Tiaroga

The loach minnow (Rhinichthys cobitis) is a of freshwater fish. It is a member of the carp family (family Cyprinidae) of order Cypriniformes. It is common in streams and small rivers throughout the Gila River and San Pedro River systems in Arizona, New Mexico, and Sonora. [more]

Tigoma

[more]

Tinca

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Tor

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Toxabramis

[more]

Tribolodon

[more]

Trigonostigma

A rasbora is member of a group of small minnow-type fish in the family (carps). Fish from genera such as Boraras, Microrasbora, Rasbora and Trigonostigma are commonly referred to as rasboras. The genus Microrasbora may be more closely related to danios than other genera in this group while the genera Boraras and Trignonstigma were split from Rasbora. Currently the genus Rasbora remains the largest one, containing around 70 species, which can be found in Southeast Asia and Africa. [more]

Troglocyclocheilus

[more]

Tropidophoxinellus

Tropidophoxinellus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]

Tylognathus

Tylognathus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Typhlobarbus

Typhlobarbus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Typhlogarra

Typhlogarra widdowsoni is a species of in the Cyprinidae family, of the monotypic genus Typhlogarra. It is found only in Iraq. [more]

Varicorhinus

Varicorhinus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]

Vimba

Vimba is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]

Xenobarbus

[more]

Xenocyprioides

[more]

Xenocypris

[more]

Xenophysogobio

[more]

Xystrosus

Yaoshanicus

[more]

Yuriria

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Zacco

[more]

At least 18 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Zacco.

More info about the Genus Zacco may be found here.

References

[ Back to top ]

Footnotes

[ Back to top ]
  1. ^ Fishbase (2004), Nelson (2006)
  2. ^ a b c He et al. (2008b)
  3. ^ Nelson (2006)
  4. ^ Magri MacMahon (1946): pp.149-152
  5. ^ GSMFC (2005), FFWCC [2008]
  6. ^ Riehl & Baensch (1996): p.410
  7. ^ Helfman et al. (1997): p.228
  8. ^ a b He et al. ( 2008a)
  9. ^ Howes (1991)

Sources

[ Back to top ]
Last Revised: April 26, 2010
2010/04/26 14:29:29