Overview
The family Cyprinidae, from the Ancient Greek kypr?nos (??p?????, "carp"), consists of the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives (for example, the barbs and barbels). Commonly called the carp family or the minnow family, its members are also known as cyprinids. It is the largest family of fresh-water fish, with over 2,400 species in about 220 genera. The family belongs to the order Cypriniformes, of whose genera and species the cyprinids make up two-thirds.1]
Description
Cyprinids are stomachless fish with toothless jaws. Even so, food can be effectively chewed by the gill rakers of the specialized last gill bow. These pharyngeal teeth allow the fish to make chewing motions against a chewing plate formed by a procession of the skull. The pharyngheal teeth are species specific and are used by specialists to determine the species. Strong pharyncheal teeth allow fish like the common carp and ide to eat hard baits like snails and bivalves.
Hearing is a well-developed sense, since the cyprinds have the Weberian organ, three specialized vertebra processions that transfer motion of the gas bladder to the inner ear. This construction is also used to observe motion of the gas bladder due to atmospheric conditions or depth changes. The cyprinids are physostomes because the pneumatic duct is retained in adult stages and the fish are able to gulp air to fill the gas bladder or they can dispose excess gas to the gut.
The fish in this family are native to North America, Africa, and Eurasia. The largest cyprinid in this family is the Giant Barb (Catlocarpio siamensis), which may grow up to 3 metres (9.8 ft). The largest North American species is the Colorado Pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius), of which individuals up to 6 feet (1.8 m) long and weighing over 100 pounds (45 kg) have been recorded.
On the other hand, many species are smaller than 5 centimetres (2.0 in). As of 2008, the smallest known freshwater fish is a cypriniform, Danionella translucida, reaching 12 millimetres (0.47 in) at the longest.[2] All fish in this family are egg-layers and most do not guard their eggs, however, there are a few species that build nests and/or guard the eggs. The bitterling-like cyprinids (Acheilognathinae) are notable for depositing their eggs in bivalve molluscs, where the young grow up until able to fend for themselves.
Most cyprinids feed mainly on invertebrates and vegetation probably due to the lack of teeth and stomach, but some species like the Asp specialize in fish. Many species ide, common rudd will eat small fish however when reaching a certain size. Even small species like the moderlieschen eat larvae of the common frog in artificial circumstances.
Some fish, such as the grass carp, are specialized in eating vegetation, some, such as the common nase, eat algae from hard surfaces, some, such as the black carp, specialize in snails, and some, such as the silver carp, are specialized filter feeders. For this reason, they are often introduced as a management tool to control various factors in the aquatic environment, such as aquatic vegetation and diseases transmitted by snails.
Relationship with humans
Cyprinids are highly important food fish; they are fished and farmed across Eurasia. In land-locked countries in particular, cyprinids are often the major species of fish eaten because they make the largest part of biomass in most water types except for fast flowing rivers. In non-landlocked countries they are not very much appreciated due to the high number of bones. In Eastern Europe they are often prepared with traditional methods like drying and salting. The prevalence of inexpensive frozen fish products made this less important now than it was in earlier times. Nonetheless, in certain places they remain popular for food as well as recreational fishing, and have been deliberately stocked in ponds and lakes for centuries for this reason.[3]
Cyprinids are popular for angling especially for match fishing (due to their dominance in biomass and numbers) and fishing for common carp because of its size and strength.
Several cyprinids have been introduced to waters outside their natural range to provide food, sport, or biological control for some pest species. The Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) are the most important of these, for example in Florida. In some cases, these have become invasive species that compete with native fishes or disrupt the environment. Carp in particular can stir up sediment, reducing the clarity of the water and making it difficult for plants to grow.[4]
Numerous cyprinids have become important in the aquarium hobby, most famously the Goldfish, which was bred in China from the Prussian Carp (Carassius (auratus) gibelio). First imported into Europe around 1728, it was much fancied by Chinese nobility as early as 1150 AD and after it arrived there in 1502, also in Japan. In the latter country, from the 18th century onwards the Common Carp was bred into the ornamental variety known as koi ? or more accurately nishikigoi (??), as koi (?) simply means "Common Carp" in Japanese.
Other popular aquarium cyprinids include danionins, rasborines and true barbs.[5] Larger species are bred by the thousands in outdoor ponds, particularly in Southeast Asia, and trade in these aquarium fishes is of considerable commercial importance. The small rasborines and danionines are perhaps only rivalled by characids and poecilid livebearers in their popularity for community aquaria.[citation needed]
One particular species of these small and undemanding danionines is the Zebrafish (Danio rerio). It has become the standard model species for studying developmental genetics of vertebrates, in particular fish.[6]
Habitat destruction and other causes have reduced the wild stocks of several cyprinids to dangerously low levels; some are already entirely extinct. In particular, Leuciscinae from southwestern North America have been hit hard by pollution and unsustainable water use in the early-mid 20th century; most globally extinct Cypriniformes species are in fact Leuciscinae from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
Systematics
The massive diversity of cyprinids has so far made it difficult to resolve their phylogeny in sufficient detail to make assignment to subfamilies more than tentative in many cases. It is obvious that some distinct lineages exist ? for example, Cultrinae and Leuciscinae, regardless of their exact delimitation, are rather close relatives and stand apart from Cyprininae ?, but the overall systematics and taxonomy of the Cyprinidae remain a subject of considerable debate. A large number of genera are incertae sedis, too equivocal in their traits and/or too little-studied to permit assignment to a particular subfamily with any certainty.[7]
Part of the solution seems that the delicat e rasborines are the core group, consisting of minor lineages that have not shifted far from their evolutionary niche, or have co-evolved, for millions of years. These are among the most basal lineages of living cyprinids. Other "rasborines" are apparently distributed across the diverse lineages of the family.[8]
The validity and circumscription of proposed subfamilies like Labeoninae or Squaliobarbinae also remains doubtful, although the latter do appear to correspond to a distinct lineage. The sometimes-seen grouping of the large-headed carps (Hypophthalmichthyinae) with Xenocypris, on the other hand, seems quite in error. More likely, the latter are part of the Cultrinae.[8]
The entirely paraphyletic "Barbinae" and the disputed Labeoninae might be better treated as part of the Cyprininae, forming a close-knit group whose internal relationships are still little known. The small African "barbs" do not belong in Barbus sensu stricto ? indeed, they are as distant from the typical barbels and the typical carps (Cyprinus) as these are from Garra (which is placed in the Labeoninae by most who accept the latter as distinct) and thus might form another as of yet unnamed subfamily. However, as noted above, how various minor lineages tie into this has not yet been resolved; therefore such a radical move, though reasonable, is probably premature.[9]
The Tench (Tinca tinca), a significant food species farmed in western Eurasia in large numbers, is unusual. It is most often grouped with the Leuciscinae, but even when these were rather loosely circumscribed, it always stood apart. A cladistic analysis of DNA sequence data of the S7 ribosomal protein intron 1 supports the view that it is distinct enough to constitute a monotypic subfamily. It also suggests that it may be closer to the small East Asian Aphyocypris, Hemigrammocypris, and Yaoshanicus. They would have diverged roughly at the same time from cyprinids of east-central Asia, perhaps as a result of the Alpide orogeny that vastly changed the topography of that region in the late Paleogene, when their divergence presumably occurred.[10]
Subfamilies and genera
Subfamily Leuciscinae ? chubs, daces, true minnows, roaches, shiners and so on.
Incertae sedis
It might be close to Aphyocypris.
Unlike most fish species, cyprinid fish generally increase in abundance in eutrophic lakes. Here, they contribute towards positive feedback as they are efficient at eating zooplankton which would otherwise graze on the algae, reducing its abundance.
See also
- List of fish families
Footnotes
- ^ FishBase (2004), Nelson (2006), dictionary.com [2009]
- ^ Nelson (2006)
- ^ Magri MacMahon (1946): pp.149-152
- ^ GSMFC (2005), FFWCC [2008]
- ^ Riehl & Baensch (1996): p.410
- ^ Helfman et al. (1997): p.228
- ^ de Graaf et al. (2007), He et al. (2008a,b)
- ^ a b He et al. (2008a)
- ^ Howes (1991), de Graaf et al. (2007), IUCN (2009)
- ^ He et al. (2008b)
- ^ Britz, R., Kottelat, M. & Tan, H.H. (2012): Fangfangia spinocleithralis, a new genus and species of miniature cyprinid from Kalimantan Tengah, Borneo, Indonesia (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 22 (4) [2011]: 327-335.
Description
Cyprinids are stomachless fish with toothless jaws. Even so, food can be effectively chewed by the gill rakers of the specialized last gill bow. These pharyngeal teeth allow the fish to make chewing motions against a chewing plate formed by a procession of the skull. The pharyngheal teeth are species specific and are used by specialists to determine the species. Strong pharyncheal teeth allow fish like the common ca rp and ide to eat hard baits like snails and bivalves.
Hearing is a well-developed sense, since the cyprinds have the Weberian organ, three specialized vertebra processions that transfer motion of the gas bladder to the inner ear. This construction is also used to observe motion of the gas bladder due to atmospheric conditions or depth changes. The cyprinids are physostomes because the pneumatic duct is retained in adult stages and the fish are able to gulp air to fill the gas bladder or they can dispose excess gas to the gut.
The fish in this family are native to North America, Africa, and Eurasia. The largest cyprinid in this family is the Giant Barb (Catlocarpio siamensis), which may grow up to 3 metres (9.8 ft). The largest North American species is the Colorado Pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius), of which individuals up to 6 feet (1.8 m) long and weighing over 100 pounds (45 kg) have been recorded.
On the other hand, many species are smaller than 5 centimetres (2.0 in). As of 2008, the smallest known freshwater fish is a cypriniform, Danionella translucida, reaching 12 millimetres (0.47 in) at the longest.[2] All fish in this family are egg-layers and most do not guard their eggs, however, there are a few species that build nests and/or guard the eggs. The bitterling-like cyprinids (Acheilognathinae) are notable for depositing their eggs in bivalve molluscs, where the young grow up until able to fend for themselves.
Most cyprinids feed mainly on invertebrates and vegetation probably due to the lack of teeth and stomach, but some species like the Asp specialize in fish. Many species ide, common rudd will eat small fish however when reaching a certain size. Even small species like the moderlieschen eat larvae of the common frog in artificial circumstances.
Some fish, such as the grass carp, are specialized in eating vegetation, some, such as the common nase, eat algae from hard surfaces, some, such as the black carp, specialize in snails, and some, such as the silver carp, are specialized filter feeders. For this reason, they are often introduced as a management tool to control various factors in the aquatic environment, such as aquatic vegetation and diseases transmitted by snails.
Relationship with humans
Cyprinids are highly important food fish; they are fished and farmed across Eurasia. In land-locked countries in particular, cyprinids are often the major species of fish eaten because they make the largest part of biomass in most water types except for fast flowing rivers. In non-landlocked countries they are not very much appreciated due to the high number of bones. In Eastern Europe they are often prepared with traditional methods like drying and salting. The prevalence of inexpensive frozen fish products made this less important now than it was in earlier times. Nonetheless, in certain places they remain popular for food as well as recreational fishing, and have been deliberately stocked in ponds and lakes for centuries for this reason.[3]
Cyprinids are popular for angling especially for match fishing (due to their dominance in biomass and numbers) and fishing for common carp because of its size and strength.
Several cyprinids have been introduced to waters outside their natural range to provide food, sport, or biological control for some pest species. The Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) are the most important of these, for example in Florida. In some cases, these have become invasive species that compete with native fishes or disrupt the environment. Carp in particular can stir up sediment, reducing the clarity of the water and making it difficult for plants to grow.[4]
Numerous cyprinids have become important in the aquarium hobby, most famously the Goldfish, which was bred in China from the Prussian Carp (Carassius (auratus) gibelio). First imported into Europe around 1728, it was much fancied by Chinese nobility as early as 1150 AD and after it arrived there in 1502, also in Japan. In the latter country, from the 18th century onwards the Common Carp was bred into the ornamental variety known as koi ? or more accurately nishikigoi (??), as koi (?) simply means "Common Carp" in Japanese.
Other popular aquarium cyprinids include danionins, rasborines and true barbs.[5] Larger species are bred by the thousands in outdoor ponds, particularly in Southeast Asia, and trade in these aquarium fishes is of considerable commercial importance. The small rasborines and danionines are perhaps only rivalled by characids and poecilid livebearers in their popularity for community aquaria.[citation needed]
One particular species of these small and undemanding danionines is the Zebrafish (Danio rerio). It has become the standard model species for studying developmental genetics of vertebrates, in particular fish.[6]
Habitat destruction and other causes have reduced the wild stocks of several cyprinids to dangerously low levels; some are already entirely extinct. In particular, Leuciscinae from southwestern North America have been hit hard by pollution and unsustainable water use in the early-mid 20th century; most globally extinct Cypriniformes species are in fact Leuciscinae from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
Systematics
The massive diversity of cyprinids has so far made it difficult to resolve their phylogeny in sufficient detail to make assignment to subfamilies more than tentative in many cases. It is obvious that some distinct lineages exist ? for example, Cultrinae and Leuciscinae, regardless of their exact delimitation, are rather close relatives and stand apart from Cyprininae ?, but the overall systematics and taxonomy of the Cyprinidae remain a subject of considerable debate. A large number of genera are incertae sedis, too equivocal in their traits and/or too little-studied to permit assignment to a particular subfamily with any certainty.[7]
Part of the solution seems that the delicate rasborines are the core group, consisting of minor lineages that have not shifted far from their evolutionary niche, or have co-evolved, for millions of years. These are among the most basal lineages of living cyprinids. Other "rasborines" are apparently distributed across the diverse lineages of the family.[8]
The validity and circumscription of proposed subfamilies like Labeoninae or Squaliobarbinae also remains doubtful, although the latter do appear to correspond to a distinct lineage. The sometimes-seen grouping of the large-headed carps (Hypophthalmichthyinae) with Xenocypris, on the other hand, seems quite in error. More likely, the latter are part of the Cultrinae.[8]
The entirely paraphyletic "Barbinae" and the disputed Labeoninae might be better treated as part of the Cyprininae, forming a close-knit group whose internal relationships are still little known. The small African "barbs" do not belong in Barbus sensu stricto ? indeed, they are as distant from the typical barbels and the typical carps (Cyprinus) as these are from Garra (which is placed in the Labeoninae by most who accept the latter as distinct) and thus might form another as of yet unnamed subfamily. However, as noted above, how various minor lineages tie into this has not yet been resolved; therefore such a radical move, though reasonable, is probably premature.[9]
The Tench (Tinca tinca), a significant food species farmed in western Eurasia in large numbers, is unusual. It is most often grouped with the Leuciscinae, but even when these were rather loosely circumscribed, it always stood apart. A cladistic analysis of DNA sequence data of the S7 ribosomal protein intron 1 supports the view that it is distinct enough to constitute a monotypic subfamily. It also suggests that it may be closer to the small East Asian Aphyocypris, Hemigrammocypris, and Yaoshanicus. They would have diverged roughly at the same time from cyprinids of east-central Asia, perhaps as a result of the Alpide orogeny that vastly changed the topography of that region in the late Paleogene, when their divergence presumably occurred.[10]
Subfamilies and genera
Subfamily Leuciscinae ? chubs, daces, true minnows, roaches, shiners and so on.
Incertae sedis
It might be close to Aphyocypris.
Unlike most fish species, cyprinid fish generally increase in abundance in eutrophic lakes. Here, they contribute towards positive feedback as they are efficient at eating zooplankton which would otherwise graze on the algae, reducing its abundance.
See also
- List of fish families
Footnotes
- ^ FishBase (2004), Nelson (2006), dictionary.com [2009]
- ^ Nelson (2006)
- ^ Magri MacMahon (1946): pp.149-152
- ^ GSMFC (2005), FFWCC [2008]
- ^ Riehl & Baensch (1996): p.410
- ^ Helfman et al. (1997): p.228
- ^ de Graaf et al. (2007), He et al. (2008a,b)
- ^ a b He et al. (2008a)
- ^ Howes (1991), de Graaf et al. (2007), IUCN (2009)
- ^ He et al. (2008b)
- ^ Britz, R., Kottelat, M. & Tan, H.H. (2012): Fangfangia spinocleithralis, a new genus and species of miniature cyprinid from Kalimantan Tengah, Borneo, Indonesia (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 22 (4) [2011]: 327-335.
References
- De Graaf, Martin; Megens, Hendrik-Jan; Samallo, Johannis; Sibbing, Ferdinand A. (2007). "Evolutionary origin of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) small Barbus species: Indications of rapid ecological divergence and speciation". Animal Biology 57: 39. doi:10.1163/157075607780002069.
- dictionary.com [2009]: Cyprinid. Retrieved 2009-SEP-25.
- Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). "Cyprinidae" in FishBase. August 2011 version.
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FFWCC) (2006): Florida's Exotic Freshwater Fishes. Retrieved 2007-03-05.
- Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (GSMFC) (2005): Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758). Version of 2005-08-03. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
- He, Shunping; Mayden, Richard L.; Wang, Xuzheng; Wang, Wei; Tang, Kevin L.; Chen, Wei-Jen; Chen, Yiyu (2008). "Molecular phylogenetics of the family Cyprinidae (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) as evidenced by sequence variation in the first intron of S7 ribosomal protein-coding gene: Further evidence from a nuclear gene of the systematic chaos in the family". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46 (3): 818?29. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.001. PMID 18203625.
- He, Shunping; Gu, Xun; Mayden, Richard L.; Chen, Wei-Jen; Conway, Kevin W.; Chen, Yiyu (2008). "Phylogenetic position of the enigmatic genus Psilorhynchus (Ostariophysi: Cypriniformes): Evidence from the mitochondrial genome". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47 (1): 419?25. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.012. PMID 18053751.
- Helfman, Gene (1997). The Diversity of Fishes. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0865422567.
- Howes, G. J. (1991): Systematics and biogeography: an overview. In: Winfield, I. J. & Nelson, J. S. (eds.): Biology of Cyprinids: 1?33. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London.
- International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) (2009): 2009 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.1. Retrieved 2009-SEP-20.
- Magri MacMahon, A. F. (1946): Fishlore. Pelican Books.
- Nelson, Joseph (2006). Fishes of the World. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0471250317.
- Riehl, Rudiger (1996). Aquarium Atlas. Voyageur Press (MN). ISBN 3882440503.
External links
- "Cyprinidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=163342. Retrieved 28 April 2004.
Taxonomy
The Family Cyprinidae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subfamily (13): Acheilognathinae · Alburninae · Barbinae · Boodontinae · Cultrinae · Cyprininae · Danioninae · Gobioninae · Labeoninae · Leuciscinae · Rasborinae · Schizothoracinae · Xenocyprinae
- Tribe (5): Cyprinini · Danionini · Oxygasterini · Semiplotini · Systomini
- Subtribe (3): Poropurtii · Systomi · Tores
- Genus (367): Abbotina · Abbottina · Abramidopsis · Abramis · Acahara · Acanthalburnus · Acanthobrama · Acanthogobio · Acanthorhodeus · Acanthorutilus · Acapoeta · Acheilognathus · Achondrostoma · Acrocheilus · Acrossocheilus · Agosia · Akrokolioplax · Albulichthys · Alburnoides · Alburnus · Algansea · Amblypharyngodon · Amblyrhynchichthys · Anabarilius · Anaecypris · Ancherythroculter · Anchicyclocheilus · Aphyocypris · Araiocypris · Aristichthys · Aspidoparia · Aspiolucius · Aspiorhynchus · Aspius · Atrilinea · Aulopyge · Aztecula · Balantiocheilos · Ballerus · Bangana · Barbichthys · Barbodes · Barboides · Barbonymus · Barbopsis · Barbus · Barilius · Belligobio · Bertinius · Betadevario · Blicca · Boraras · Brachydanio · Cabdio · Caecobarbus · Campostoma · Candidia · Capoeta · Capoetobrama · Carasobarbus · Carassioides · Carassius · Carpio · Catla · Catlocarpio · Cephalakompsus · Ceratichthys · Ceraticthys · Chagunius · Chalcalburnus · Chanodichthys · Chela · Chelaethiops · Cheonda · Chondrostoma · Chrosomus · Chuanchia · Cirrhina · Cirrhinus · Clarkina · Clinostomus · Cliola · Clypeobarbus · Codoma · Coomochilus · Coptostomabarbus · Coreius · Coreoleuciscus · Cosmochilus · Couesius · Crossocheilus · Ctenopharyngodon · Culter · Cultrichthys · Cultriculus · Cultrops · Cyclocheilichthys · Cyprinella · Cyprinion · Cyprinus · Danio · Danionella · Delminichthys · Devario · Dionda · Diplocheilichthys · Diptychus · Discherodontus · Discocheilus · Discogobio · Discolabeo · Distoechodon · Eirmotus · Elopichthys · Engraulicypris · Epalzeorhynchos · Epalzeorhynchus · Eremichthys · Erimonax · Erimystax · Erinemus · Erogala · Erythroculter · Esomus · Evarra · Exoglossum · Gardonus · Garra · Gibbibarbus · Gibelion · Gila · Gnathopogon · Gobio · Gobiobotia · Gobiocypris · Gymnocypris · Gymnodanio · Gymnodiptychus · Gymnognathus · Gymnostomus · Hainania · Hampala · Hemibarbus · Hemiculter · Hemiculterella · Hemigrammocapoeta · Hemitremia · Henicorhynchus · Herzensteinia · Hesperoleucus · Hongshuia · Horadandia · Horalabiosa · Huigobio · Hybognathus · Hybopsis · Hyborhynchus · Hypophthalmichthys · Hypopthalmichthys · Hypselobarbus · Hypsibarbus · Iberochondrostoma · Iberocypris · Idus · Inlecypris · Iotichthys · Iranocypris · Ischikauia · Kosswigobarbus · Labeo · Labeobarbus · Labiobarbus · Ladigesocypris · Ladislabia · Lagowskiella · Laubuca · Lavinia · Lepidomeda · Leptobarbus · Leptocypris · Leucaspius · Leuciscus · Leucistus · Leucogobio · Lissochilus · Lobocheilos · Longanalus · Luciobarbus · Luciobrama · Luciosoma · Luxilus · Lythrurus · Macrhybopsis · Macrochirichthys · Malayochela · Mandibularca · Margariscus · Meda · Megalobrama · Mekongina · Mesobola · Mesocyprinus · Mesogobio · Mesopotamichthys · Messinobarbus · Metzia · Microdevario · Microphysogobio · Microrasbora · Moapa · Moniana · Moroco · Morulius · Mylocheilus · Mylopharodon · Mystacoleucus · Naziritor · Nemachilus · Nematabramis · Neobarynotus · Neobola · Neolissochilus · Neomacheilus · Nipponocypris · Nocomis · Notemigonus · Notropis · Ochetobius · Onychostoma · Opsarichthys · Opsaridium · Opsariichthys · Opsarius · Opsopoeodus · Oregonichthys · Oreichthys · Oreinus · Oreoleuciscus · Ospatulus · Osteobrama · Osteochilichthys · Osteochilus · Oxygaster · Pachychilon · Paedocypris · Parabarbus · Parabramis · Paracheilognathus · Parachela · Parachondrostoma · Paracrossochilus · Pararasbora · Pararhinichthys · Parasinilabeo · Parator · Parazacco · Parluciosoma · Pectenocypris · Pelasgus · Pelecus · Percocypris · Petroleuciscus · Phenacobius · Photogenis · Phoxinellus · Phoxinus · Pimephales · Pimephalus · Placocheilus · Placogobio · Plagopterus · Platygobio · Platysmacheilus · Pogonichthys · Poropuntius · Probarbus · Procypris · Protochondrostoma · Pseudaspis · Pseudaspius · Pseudobarbus · Pseudochondrostoma · Pseudocrossocheilus · Pseudogobio · Pseudogyrinocheilus · Pseudohemiculter · Pseudolaubuca · Pseudoperilampus · Pseudophoxinus · Pseudorasbora · Pteronotropis · Ptychobarbus · Ptychocheilus · Pungtungis · Puntioplites · Puntius · Qianlabeo · Racoma · Raiamas · Raimas · Rasbora · Rasborichthys · Rasborinus · Rasboroides · Rastrineobola · Rectoris · Relictus · Rhinichthys · Rhinogobio · Rhinogobius · Rhodeoides · Rhodeus · Rhynchocypris · Richardsonius · Rohita · Rohtee · Romanogobio · Rutilus · Salmophasia · Salmostoma · Sarcocheilichthy · Sarcocheilichthys · Saurogobio · Scaphesthes · Scaphiodonichthys · Scaphognathus · Scardinius · Schismatorhynchos · Schizopygopsis · Schizothorax · Semiplotus · Semotilus · Sinibrama · Sinilabeo · Sinocrossocheilus · Sinocyclocheilus · Snyderichthys · Spinibarbus · Spratellicypris · Squalidus · Squaliobarbus · Squalius · Stypodon · Systomus · Tampichthys · Tanakia · Tanichthys · Telestes · Thynnichthys · Tiaroga · Tigoma · Tinca · Tor · Toxabramis · Tribolodon · Trigonostigma · Tropidophoxinellus · Tylognathus · Typhlobarbus · Typhlogarra · Varicorhinus · Vimba · Xenocypris · Xenophysogobio · Xystrosus · Yuriria · Zacco
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 6,952 species and subspecies in the Family Cyprinidae.
Genera
Abbotina
Abbottina
Abbottina is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. [more]
Abramidopsis
Abramis
The common bream, freshwater bream, bream, bronze bream or carp bream, Abramis brama, is a European species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. [more]
Acahara
Acanthalburnus
Acanthalburnus is a small genus of cyprinid fish found in Western Asia extending into Russia. There are currently two recognized species in this genus. [more]
Acanthobrama
Acanthobrama is a genus of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Acanthogobio
Acanthogobio guentheri is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to China. It is only found in the Yellow and . It is the only recognized species in its genus. [more]
Acanthorhodeus
Acanthorhodeus is a genus of cyprinid fish, consisting of two species. [more]
Acanthorutilus
Acanthorutilus is a genus of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. Species include: [more]
Acapoeta
Acapoeta tanganicae is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It is found in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia. Its natural habitats are rivers, freshwater lakes, and inland deltas. It is threatened by habitat loss. [more]
Acheilognathus
Acheilognathus is a genus of cyprinid fish, consisting of several species. The type species is the Capoeta rhombea. The name is derived from the Greek a, meaning "without", the Greek cheilos, meaning "lip", and the Greek gnathos, meaning "jaw". [more]
Achondrostoma
Acrocheilus
The chiselmouth is an unusual cyprinid fish of western North America. It is named for the sharp hard plate on its lower jaw, which is used to scrape rocks for algae. It belongs into the monotypic genus Acrocheilus and is a close relative of the Gila western chubs (Simons & Mayden 1997). [more]
Acrossocheilus
Acrossocheilus is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae. [more]
Agosia
Agosia chrysogaster, the Longfin dace, is a cyprinid fish that is found in western North America in the United States and Mexico. It is the only member of its genus. [more]
Akrokolioplax
Albulichthys
Albulichthys albuloides is a cyprinid fish found in Southeast Asia. It is the only member of its genus. [more]
Alburnoides
Alburnoides is a genus of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Alburnus
Alburnus is a genus of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Algansea
Algansea is a genus of ray-finned fish in family Cyprinidae. [more]
Amblypharyngodon
Amblypharyngodon is a genus of fishes in the family Cyprinidae. [more]
Amblyrhynchichthys
Amblyrhynchichthys is a small genus of cyprinid fish containing only two Southeast Asian species. [more]
Anabarilius
Anabarilius is a genus of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Anaecypris
Anaecypris hispanica is a ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae, the only living member of the genus Anaecypris. It is found in Spain and Portugal. [more]
Ancherythroculter
Ancherythroculter is a genus of cyprinid fishes that occur in eastern Asia in China and Vietnam. There are currently five recognized species in this genus, though the validity of A. lini is under some doubt. [more]
Anchicyclocheilus
Aphyocypris
Aphyocypris is a genus of cyprinid fishes consisting of four species, all of which are restricted to East Asia. [more]
Araiocypris
Aristichthys
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[1] [more]
Aspidoparia
Aspidoparia is a small genus of cyprinid fishes that are found in Asia. There are currently three recognized species in this genus. [more]
Aspiolucius
The Pike Asp (Aspiolucius esocinus) is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It is found in Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. [more]
Aspiorhynchus
Aspiorhynchus laticeps is a species of cyprinid fish found only in Bosten Lake and the Yarkand River in Xinjiang, China. It is the only member of its genus. [more]
Aspius
Aspius is a genus of Eurasian cyprinid fish. There are currently two recognized species in the genus. [more]
Atrilinea
Atrilinea is a genus of cyprinid fishes that contains only three species which are all endemic to China. [more]
Aulopyge
The Dalmatian Barbelgudgeon (Aulopyge huegelii) is a ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Aulopyge. The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek aul?s (a????, "flute") + pyg? (p???, "behind, rump"), and thus means approximately "fluted tail-stem". The specific name honours the Austrian naturalist and diplomat Charles von H?gel. Though the genus was established in 1841, the species was only mentioned but not described at that time; that happened the following year, and in 1843 the frequently-seen mis-spelling huegeli was introduced. Many fish databases use 1843 as the year of description. The IUCN Red List uses 1842 and also has an explanation of the confusion here. [more]
Aztecula
Aztecula sallaei, the Aztec shiner, is a cyprinid fish endemic to Mexico. It is the only species in its genus. [more]
Balantiocheilos
Balantiocheilos is a small genus of cyprinid fish. It includes two species. [more]
Ballerus
Ballerus is a genus of cyprinid fish containing two Eurasian species. [more]
Bangana
Bangana is a genus of Asian cyprinid fish. This genus contains 23 species ranging from quite small to large. Some of these species are important food fish. [more]
Barbichthys
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[2] [more]
Barbodes
Barbodes is a genus of cyprinid fish, consisting of 11 species. The name is derived from the Latin word barbus, meaning "barbel", and the Greek word oides, meaning "similar to". [more]
Barboides
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[3] [more]
Barbonymus
Barbonymus is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cyprinidae, containing some barb species. The genus was only established in 1999, with the Tinfoil Barb (B. schwanenfeldii) as type species; thus, these fish are sometimes collectively called tinfoils. The new genus was established in recognition of the fact that some large Asian "barbs", formerly rather indiscriminately lumped in Barbus (typical barbels and relatives), Barbodes (barb-like carps) and Puntius (spotted barbs), form a distinct evolutionary lineage. [more]
Barbopsis
Barbopsis is a of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Barbus
Barbus is a of fish in the Cyprinidae family. The type species of this genus is the Common Barbel, first described as Cyprinus barbus and now called Barbus barbus. [more]
Barilius
Belligobio
Bertinius
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[4] [more]
Betadevario
Blicca
Boraras
Boraras is a genus of Asian cyprinid fishes. [more]
Brachydanio
The danionins are a group of small minnow-type fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. Members of this group are mostly in the genera Danio and Devario. They are native to the fresh waters of southeast Asia. Many species are brightly colored and are available as aquarium fish worldwide. Danio tend to have horizontal stripes and long barbels, Devario tend to have vertical bars and short rudimentary barbels, if barbels are present at all. All danionins are egg scatterers and breed in the rainy season in the wild. They are carnivores living on insects and small crustaceans. [more]
Cabdio
Caecobarbus
Caecobarbus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Campostoma
Candidia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[5] [more]
Capoeta
Capoeta is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It was formerly included within the Barbus-Puntius complex. Today, it is restricted to a group of western Asian forms around the type species. [more]
Capoetobrama
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[6] [more]
Carasobarbus
Carassioides
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[7] [more]
Carassius
Carassius is a genus in the family . The species in this genus are commonly known as Crucian carps, though this term can also specifically refer to Carassius carassius. The most well known is the goldfish which was bred from the Prussian Carp. [more]
Carpio
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[8] [more]
Catla
Catla catla, (Synonymous with Cyprinus catla, Gibelion catla), also known as Indian Carp, is the only member of the genus Catla, of the carp family Cyprinidae. It is a fish with a large protruding lower jaw. It is commonly found in rivers and freshwater lakes in India, Nepal, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Pakistan. In India it is commonly known as the Bhakur. [more]
Catlocarpio
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[9] [more]
Cephalakompsus
Ceratichthys
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[10] [more]
Ceraticthys
Chagunius
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[11] [more]
Chalcalburnus
Chalcalburnus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Chanodichthys
Chanodichthys is a genus of cyprinid fish, consisting of five species. The name is derived from the Greek word chanos, meaning "abyss, mouth opened, inmensity", and the Greek word ichthys, meaning "fish". [more]
Chela
Chela has two main meanings. One derivation comes from (cela) from Sanskrit (ceta), meaning "slave" or "servant". In English, the word means a religious student or disciple. The other derivation comes from Greek (chele) and Latin (chela), meaning "claw", now specifically that of an arthropod. [more]
Chelaethiops
Chelaethiops is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Cheonda
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[12] [more]
Chondrostoma
Chondrostoma (from the Ancient Greek roots (khondros, ?lump?) + st??a (stoma, ?mouth?) = ?lump-mouth?) is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly known as nases, though this term is also used locally to denote particular species, most frequently the Common Nase (C. nasus). The common name refers to the protruding upper jaw of these fishes; it is derived from the German term Nase, meaning "nose." [more]
Chrosomus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[13] [more]
Chuanchia
Cirrhina
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[14] [more]
Cirrhinus
Clarkina
Clinostomus
Cliola
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[15] [more]
Clypeobarbus
Codoma
Coomochilus
Coptostomabarbus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[16] [more]
Coreius
Coreoleuciscus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[17] [more]
Cosmochilus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[18] [more]
Couesius
Crossocheilus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[19] [more]
Ctenopharyngodon
The grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is a herbivorous, freshwater fish species of family Cyprinidae, and the only species of the genus Ctenopharyngodon. It is cultivated in China for food, but was introduced in Europe and the United States for aquatic weed control (see, e.g., Ponchatoula Creek). It is a large cyprind native to eastern Asia, with a native range from northern Vietnam to the Amur River on the Siberia-China border. It is a fish of large, turbid rivers and associated floodplain lakes, with a wide degree of temperature tolerance. Grass carp are usually thought to enter reproductive condition and spawn at temperatures of 20 to 30 ?C (68 to 86 ?F), but have been shown to sometimes spawn at temperatures as low as 15 ?C (59 ?F). [more]
Culter
Culter can refer to the following: [more]
Cultrichthys
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[20] [more]
Cultriculus
Cultrops
Cyclocheilichthys
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[21] [more]
Cyprinella
Cyprinella is the genus of satinfin , ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Cyprinion
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[22] [more]
Cyprinus
Cyprinus is the genus of typical carps in family Cyprinidae. They are of East Asian origin and closely related to some more barb-like genera, such Cyclocheilichthys and the recently-established Barbonymus (tinfoils). The crucian carps (Carassius) of western Eurasia, which include the goldfish (C. auratus), are apparently not as closely related. [more]
Danio
The Danio genus comprises many of the species of danionins familiar to aquarists. The common name "danio" is used for members of the genera Danio and Devario. [more]
Danionella
Danionella is a genus comprising the danionin species D. mirifica, D. translucida, and D. dracula, three of the smallest freshwater fishes. [more]
Delminichthys
Devario
The genus Devario comprises some danionins familiar to aquarists. Generally, they are larger fish than species of the genus Danio, they have short barbels (if present at all), and generally have deeper bodies than Danio species, with species having vertical or horizontal stripes present. In size, they range from 5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 in). [more]
Dionda
Dionda is the genus of desert minnows, small fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. They are native to the fresh waters or North And Central America. They are believed to feed primarily on algae. [more]
Diplocheilichthys
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[23] [more]
Diptychus
Diptychus is a genus of cyprinid fish, consisting of two Asian species. The type species is the scaly osman, Diptychus maculatus. The name is derived from the Greek word di, meaning "two", and the Greek word ptyx, meaning "fold". [more]
Discherodontus
Discherodontus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Discocheilus
Discogobio
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[24] [more]
Discolabeo
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[25] [more]
Distoechodon
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[26] [more]
Eirmotus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[27] [more]
Elopichthys
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[28] [more]
Engraulicypris
Engraulicypris is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Epalzeorhynchos
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[29] [more]
Epalzeorhynchus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[30] [more]
Eremichthys
The desert dace (Eremichthys acros) is a rare cyprinid fish known only from the warm springs and creeks of in western Humboldt County, Nevada, USA. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Eremichthys. The species is also notable for its ability to live in waters as warm as 38 degrees Celsius (100 degrees Fahrenheit). It is the sole member of its genus Eremichthys. [more]
Erimonax
Erimystax
Erimystax is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. Members are commonly known as slender chubs, though "slender chub" is also used for individual species local to some area, particularly Erimystax cahni. [more]
Erinemus
Erogala
Erythroculter
Erythroculter hypselonotus is a species of cyprinid fish, the sole member of the genus Erythroculter. This species was originally described as Culter erythropterus. The name is derived from the Greek word erythros, meaning "red", and the Latin word culter, meaning "knife". [more]
Esomus
Esomus is a genus comprising the Flying Barbs. they are closely related to the Danio genus and are distinctive for their extremely long barbels. [more]
Evarra
Evarra is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Exoglossum
Exoglossum is a genus of mound-building freshwater fish. Members are commonly known as cutlips minnows, though the individual species, particularly Exoglossum maxillingua, are also locally known by that name. [more]
Gardonus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[31] [more]
Garra
Garra, the garras, are a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. These fish are one example of the "log suckers", sucker-mouthed barbs and other cyprinids commonly kept in aquaria to keep down algae. The doctor fish of Kangal (Turkey) also belongs into this genus. [more]
Gibbibarbus
Gibbibarbus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Gibelion
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[32] [more]
Gila
Gnathopogon
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[33] [more]
Gobio
Gobio is the genus of typical , ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Gobiobotia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[34] [more]
Gobiocypris
Gymnocypris
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[35] [more]
Gymnodanio
Gymnodiptychus
Gymnognathus
Gymnostomus
Hainania
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Hampala
Hampala is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family from South-East Asia. [more]
Hemibarbus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[36] [more]
Hemiculter
Hemiculter is a genus of cyprinid fish, consisting of 8 species. The type species is the Sharpbelly, Culter leucisculus. The name is derived from the Greek word hemis, meaning "half", and the Latin word culter, meaning "knife". [more]
Hemiculterella
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[37] [more]
Hemigrammocapoeta
Hemigrammocapoeta is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Hemitremia
The Flame Chub (Hemitremia flammea) is a species of in the Cyprinidae family. It is found only in the United States. [more]
Henicorhynchus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[38] [more]
Herzensteinia
Hesperoleucus
The California roach, Hesperoleucus symmetricus, is a cyprinid fish native to western North America and abundant in the intermittent streams throughout central California. It is the sole member of its genus. [more]
Hongshuia
Horadandia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[39] [more]
Horalabiosa
Huigobio
Hybognathus
Hybognathus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. Its members are collectively known as the silvery minnows. [more]
Hybopsis
Hyborhynchus
Hypophthalmichthys
Hypophthalmichthys is a genus of fish consisting of three species. The name comes from Greek , (hypó) "below"; ?f?a?µ?? (ophthalmós), "eye"; ????? (ichthys), "fish", thus "fish with eyes below" referring to the fact that the fish has its eyes below the mouth line. [more]
Hypopthalmichthys
Hypselobarbus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[40] [more]
Hypsibarbus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[41] [more]
Iberochondrostoma
Iberocypris
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[42] [more]
Idus
Inlecypris
Inlecypris jayarami is a danionin cyprinid from Lake Inle, Myanmar. It is now the only species in its genus. [more]
Iotichthys
The Least Chub (Iotichthys phlegethontis) is a species of in the Cyprinidae family, the only member of the genus Iotichthys. It is found only in the United States. It's native habitat formerly included much of the Bonneville Basin and it was widely distributed in freshwater ponds, swamps, springs, and tributaries around the Great Salt Lake, Utah Lake, and Sevier Lake. Populations were also abundant in springs within the Snake and Utah valleys. Due to habitat degradation and introduction of non-native fishes, it is currently limited to a few spring complexes. The least chub is a small minnow, with a maximum size of less than 2.5 inches. It is the smallest of seven chubs native to Utah. Least chub eat primarily algae and small invertebrates, including mosquito larvae. Spawning occurs during the spring and early summer. Eggs are fertilized in the water, and then sink until they attach to vegetation or the substrate. No parental care is given to eggs or young. Th e least chub is a schooling species that prefers areas of dense vegetation in slow-moving water. The Least Chub populations suffered a steep decline in the 1940s and 50s, though the decline wasn't noticed until the 70s. Reasons for the decline include habitat destruction from cattle grazing on and trampling streamside vegetation, water diversion, mineral and energy development, and non-native fishes. Studies indicate that where non-native fishes such as largemouth bass, trout, and mosquitofish are introduced, few if any least chub remain. Though the distribution of the Least Chub is still limited, the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and other conservation groups have reintroduced the fish into suitable habitats, often removing non-native fish prior to stocking. Other conservation efforts include working with ranchers to fence off critical spring complexes to prevent habitat destruction from cattle grazing. Recently the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources teamed up with mosquito abatement districts in Davi s and Salt Lake counties (Utah) to distribute the fish to 240 backyard ponds to evaluate it as a potential mosquitofish replacement. Researchers will monitor how well the chub compete against the more aggressive mosquitofish in ponds where they are both stocked. Ponds with only the lest chub will be monitored to determine whether they can control mosquito larvae as effectively as the mosquitofish or if more chubs will be required to do the same job. [more]
Iranocypris
Iranocypris typhlops, the Iran cave barb, is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family, the only member of the monotypic genus Iranocypris. It is endemic to Iran. [more]
Ischikauia
Ischikauia steenackeri is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Japan. This species was originally described as Opsariichthys steenackeri. This species is the only member of genus. [more]
Kosswigobarbus
Kosswigobarbus kosswigi is a species of cyprinid fish of the monotypic genus Kosswigobarbus that is found in the Tigris-Euphrates river system in Iran and Turkey. It was originally described as Cyclocheilichthys kosswigi. [more]
Labeo
Labeo is a genus of carps in the family Cyprinidae. They are found mainly in the Old World tropics. [more]
Labeobarbus
Labiobarbus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[43] [more]
Ladigesocypris
Ladigesocypris is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Ladislabia
Lagowskiella
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[44] [more]
Laubuca
Lavinia
Lepidomeda
Lepidomeda, commonly known as the spinedaces, is a genus of cyprinid fish found in western North America. Of the four known species, one is extinct and two are threatened. They appear to be fairly close to the Leatherside chub and the spikedaces (genus Meda), but the phylogeny and indeed the validity of the proposed "plagopterin" clade is insufficiently resolved (Simons & Mayden 1997). [more]
Leptobarbus
Leptobarbus is a genus of cyprinid fish that originate from Asia. They are important food fish. Leptobarbus hoevenii is its type species. [more]
Leptocypris
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[45] [more]
Leucaspius
Leucaspius is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Leuciscus
Leuciscus is a of fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly called Eurasian daces; familiar species include the Common Dace and Ide. The genus is widespread form Europe to Siberia. [more]
Leucistus
Leucogobio
Lissochilus
Lobocheilos
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[46] [more]
Longanalus
Luciobarbus
Luciobrama
Luciosoma
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[47] [more]
Luxilus
Lythrurus
Lythrurus is the genus of finescale , ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae [more]
Macrhybopsis
Macrhybopsis is the genus of blacktail , ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Macrochirichthys
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[48] [more]
Malayochela
Mandibularca
Mandibularca is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Margariscus
Meda
A Genus in the Kingdom unknown!.[49] [more]
Megalobrama
Megalobrama is a genus of cyprinid fish, consisting of 6 species. The type species is Megalobrama skolkovii. The name is derived from the Greek word megalos, meaning "great", and the Old French word breme, a type of freshwater fish. [more]
Mekongina
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[50] [more]
Mesobola
Mesobola is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Mesocyprinus
Mesogobio
Mesopotamichthys
Messinobarbus
Messinobarbus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Metzia
Microdevario
Microphysogobio
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[51] [more]
Microrasbora
Microrasbora is a genus of small fishes. The generic name means "small Rasbora", however these are more closely related to the danios than rasboras. They inhabit mainly Thailand and Myanmar, with one putative species in China. [more]
Moapa
Moapa may mean: [more]
Moniana
Moroco
Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country located in with a population of nearly 32 million and an area just under 447,000 square kilometres (173,000 sq mi). Its capital is Rabat, and its largest city is Casablanca. Morocco has a coast on the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Algeria to the east, Spain to the north (a water border through the Strait and land borders with three small Spanish enclaves, Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera), and Mauritania to the south via its Western Saharan territories. [more]
Morulius
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[52] [more]
Mylocheilus
Mylopharodon
Mystacoleucus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[53] [more]
Naziritor
Nemachilus
Nematabramis
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[54] [more]
Neobarynotus
Neobola
Neobola is a of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Neolissochilus
Neolissochilus is a genus of cyprinid fishes that occur in Asia that are often grouped with the mahseers. There are currently 22 described species. [more]
Neomacheilus
Nipponocypris
Nocomis
Notemigonus
The golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) is a cyprinid fish native to eastern North America. It is the sole member of its genus. Much used as a bait fish, it is probably the most widely pond-cultured fish in the United States. It can be found in Quebec and its French name is "Men? jaune" or "Chatte de l'Est". [more]
Notropis
Notropis, commonly known as the eastern shiners or (locally) simply "shiners", is a genus of cyprinid fish found in North America, and is the second largest genus of freshwater fish on the continent. Most small minnows found in North American belong to Notropis. Not all small cyprinids commonly referred to as "shiners" belong to Notropis (Page & Burr 1991). Their closest relatives appear to be the genera Cyprinella (satinfin shiners) and Platygobio (flathead chubs), though their precise relationships have not yet been robustly resolved (Simons & Mayden 1997). [more]
Ochetobius
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[55] [more]
Onychostoma
Onychostoma is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Opsarichthys
Opsaridium
Opsaridium is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Opsariichthys
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[56] [more]
Opsarius
Opsopoeodus
Oregonichthys
Oregonichthys is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. Collectively known as Oregon chubs, that term can also refer to O. crameri in particular. [more]
Oreichthys
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[57] [more]
Oreinus
Oreoleuciscus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[58] [more]
Ospatulus
Ospatulus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Osteobrama
Osteobrama is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern Asia consisting of 8 species. The name is derived from the Greek word osteon, meaning "bone", and the Old French word breme, a type of freshwater fish. [more]
Osteochilichthys
Osteochilus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[59] [more]
Oxygaster
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[60] [more]
Pachychilon
Pachychilon is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Paedocypris
Parabarbus
Parabramis
The white Amur bream (Parabramis pekinensis) is a species of cyprinid fish, of the monotypic genus Parabramis. The species was originally described as Abramis pekinensis. The name is derived from the Greek word para, meaning "the side of ", and the Old French word breme, a type of freshwater fish. It is found from Eastern Europe across Asia to China were it is a very important food fish. It has been introduced in several of the countries it is found in. [more]
Paracheilognathus
Parachela
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[61] [more]
Parachondrostoma
Paracrossochilus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[62] [more]
Pararasbora
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[63] [more]
Pararhinichthys
Parasinilabeo
Parator
Parazacco
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[64] [more]
Parluciosoma
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[65] [more]
Pectenocypris
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[66] [more]
Pelasgus
Pelecus
The ziege or sabre carp (Pelecus cultratus) is a species of in the Cyprinidae family, and the only species of its genus. [more]
Percocypris
Petroleuciscus
Petroleuciscus is a genus of 6 species of in the Cyprinidae family. It was usually included in Leuciscus until recently. This genus unites the Ponto-Caspian chubs and daces. [more]
Phenacobius
Phenacobius, the suckermouth , is a genus of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Photogenis
Phoxinellus
Phoxinellus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Phoxinus
Phoxinus is a genus of freshwater fish in the carp family (family Cyprinidae) of order Cypriniformes. The type species is Phoxinus phoxinus, the Common Minnow. The North American members of this genus are known as daces, and the Old World ones as Eurasian minnows. The latter term is also used specifically for P. phoxinus in some regions, but can technically refer to any Eurasian species of Phoxinus. [more]
Pimephales
Pimephales, commonly known as the bluntnose minnows (a term used locally to refer to Pimephales notatus specifically), is a genus of cyprinid fish found in North America. All of the four species are small fish, with P. notatus being the largest at 11 cm. [more]
Pimephalus
Placocheilus
Placogobio
Placogobio is a genus of cyprinid fish endemic to Vietnam. There are two described species in the genus. [more]
Plagopterus
The woundfin (Plagopterus argentissimus) is a species of minnow endemic to the Virgin River of the southwestern United States. [more]
Platygobio
Platysmacheilus
Pogonichthys
The splittails are a genus Pogonichthys of cyprinid fish, consisting of two species native to western North America. [more]
Poropuntius
Poropuntius is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Probarbus
Probarbus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Procypris
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[67] [more]
Protochondrostoma
Pseudaspis
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Pseudaspius
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[68] [more]
Pseudobarbus
Pseudobarbus is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cyprinidae. The type species is Burchell's Redfin (P. burchelli). The scientific name is derived from the Ancient Greek pseudes ("false") and the Latin word barbus ("beard", in reference to the barbels of barbs). This genus contains some (and might contain all) of the South African redfins. It was originally proposed as a subgenus but has since been found worthy of recognition as a full genus. [more]
Pseudochondrostoma
Pseudocrossocheilus
Pseudogobio
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[69] [more]
Pseudogyrinocheilus
Pseudohemiculter
Pseudolaubuca
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[70] [more]
Pseudoperilampus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[71] [more]
Pseudophoxinus
Pseudophoxinus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Pseudorasbora
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[72] [more]
Pteronotropis
Ptychobarbus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[73] [more]
Ptychocheilus
Squawfish or pikeminnows are cyprinid fish of the genus Ptychocheilus consisting of four species native to western North America. Voracious predators, they are considered an "undesirable" species in many waters. This is largely due to the species' perceived tendency to prey upon small trout and salmon. First known in western science by the common name Columbia River Dace, the four species all became lumped under the offensive name "squawfish." In 1999, the adopted "pikeminnow" as the name it recommends, because Native Americans considered "squawfish" offensive. [more]
Pungtungis
Puntioplites
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[74] [more]
Puntius
Puntius is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae of the order Cypriniformes. Fishes of this genus are known as the spotted barbs for the predominant pattern, though many have vertical black bands instead. Also, the Spotted Barb proper is one particular species, Puntius binotatus. The name Puntius comes from pungti, a Bengali term for small cyprinids. The type species is the Pool Barb (Puntius sophore), first described as Cyprinus sophore by Hamilton in 1822. [more]
Qianlabeo
Racoma
Raiamas
Raiamas is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Raimas
Rasbora
A rasbora is a member of a group of small minnow-type fish in the family Cyprinidae (carps). Fish from genera such as Boraras, Microrasbora, Rasbora and Trigonostigma are commonly referred to as rasboras. The genus Microrasbora may be more closely related to danios than other genera in this group while the genera Boraras and Trignonstigma were split from Rasbora. Currently the genus Rasbora remains the largest one, containing around 70 species, which can be found in Southeast Asia and Africa. [more]
Rasborichthys
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[75] [more]
Rasborinus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[76] [more]
Rasboroides
Rastrineobola
Rastrineobola is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Rectoris
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[77] [more]
Relictus
The relict dace Relictus solitarius, is an endangered cyprinid fish of the Great Basin of western North America. It is the sole member of its genus. [more]
Rhinichthys
Rhinichthys, the riffle daces, is a genus of freshwater fish in the carp family (Cyprinidae) of the order Cypriniformes. The type species is Rhinichthys atratulus, the blacknose dace. Rhinichthys species range throughout North America. [more]
Rhinogobio
Rhinogobius
Rhinogobius is a genus of primarily freshwater gobies native to tropical and temperate parts of Asia. Most are small, streamlined in shape, and often sexually dimorphic. Few are of commercial importance, but R. duospilus (= R. wui) is fairly widely traded as an aquarium fish. [more]
Rhodeoides
Rhodeus
Rhodeus is a genus of cyprinid fish, consisting of 21 species called bitterlings. The scientific name is derived from the Greek word rhodeos, meaning "rose". [more]
Rhynchocypris
Richardsonius
Richardsonius is a genus of cyprinid fish consisting of two species native to western North America. Commonly known as redside shiners, that term is also used to refer to Richardsonius balteatus specifically. The genus is named after naturalist Sir John Richardson (1787?1865), who described R. balteatus in 1836. [more]
Rohita
Rohtee
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[78] [more]
Romanogobio
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[79] [more]
Rutilus
Rutilus (Latin for "shining, red, golden, auburn") is a genus of fishes in the family Cyprinidae, commonly called roaches. Locally, the name "roach" without any further qualifiers is also used for particular species, particularly the Common Roach (R. rutilus). [more]
Salmophasia
Salmostoma
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[80] [more]
Sarcocheilichthy
Sarcocheilichthys
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[81] [more]
Saurogobio
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[82] [more]
Scaphesthes
Scaphiodonichthys
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[83] [more]
Scaphognathus
Scardinius
Scardinius is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family commonly called rudds. Locally, the name "rudd" without any further qualifiers is also used for particular species, particularly the Common Rudd (S. erythrophthalmus). [more]
Schismatorhynchos
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[84] [more]
Schizopygopsis
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[85] [more]
Schizothorax
Schizothorax is a genus of cyprinid fish from Central and East Asia. Their scientific name means "cleft-breast", from Ancient Greek sch?ze?n (s???e??) "to cleave" + th?rax (???a?) "breast-plate" (see also thorax). The western species are typically referred to as marinkas from their Russian name marinka (???????; plural: ??????? marinki), while the eastern species are usually called "snowtrouts". But though they do resemble trouts in habitus this is merely due to convergent evolution and they are by no means closely related apart from both being Teleostei: Cyprinids are in the teleost superorder Ostariophysi, while trouts are in the superorder Protacanthopterygii. Their ancestors must thus have diverged as early as the Triassic, more than 200 million years ago. The type species of Schizothorax is the (S. plagiostomus). [more]
Semiplotus
Semotilus
Semotilus is the genus of creek , ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. The term "creek chub" is sometimes used for individual species, particularly the Common Creek Chub, S. atromaculatus. [more]
Sinibrama
Sinibrama is a small genus of cyprinid fishes, the five currently recognized species distributed in south China, Taiwan, Laos and Vietnam. These are silvery fishes with deep, laterally compressed bodies, large eyes and terminal mouths. They tend to grow no larger than 20 cm standard length. [more]
Sinilabeo
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[86] [more]
Sinocrossocheilus
Sinocyclocheilus
Sinocyclocheilus is a genus of cyprinid fish endemic to China. Almost all of its species live in or around caves. The type species is Sinocyclocheilus tingi. The name is derived from the Latin word sino, meaning "from China", and the Greek word kyklos, meaning "circle", and the Greek word cheilos, meaning "lip". [more]
Snyderichthys
The leatherside chub, Snyderichthys copei is a cyprinid fish of western North America. [more]
Spinibarbus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[87] [more]
Spratellicypris
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[88] [more]
Squalidus
Squaliobarbus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[89] [more]
Squalius
Squalius is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cyprinidae, containing the European chubs (the "European Chub" proper is S. cephalus). This genus belongs to the subfamily Leuciscinae as other chubs and daces generally do. [more]
Stypodon
Stypodon is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Systomus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[90] [more]
Tampichthys
Tanakia
Tanakia is a genus of cyprinid fish, consisting of five species that occurs in Eastern Asia. The type species is the . [more]
Tanichthys
Tanichthys is a genus of freshwater fish in the carp family (family Cyprinidae) of order Cypriniformes. Until recently, the type species, Tanichthys albonubes, was the only one known. In 2001, however, Freyhof and Herder described a new and very similar species, Tanichthys micagemmae, from the Ben Hai River in Vietnam and V. H. Nguyen & S. V. Ng? described a third species from Vietnam. [more]
Telestes
Telestes is a of cyprinid fish. It was formerly usually included in Leuciscus. [more]
Thynnichthys
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[91] [more]
Tiaroga
The loach minnow (Tiaroga cobitis) is a species of freshwater fish. It is a member of the carp family (family Cyprinidae) of order Cypriniformes. It is common in streams and small rivers throughout the Gila River and San Pedro River systems in Arizona, New Mexico, and Sonora. [more]
Tigoma
Tinca
A Genus in the Kingdom unknown!.[92] [more]
Tor
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[93] [more]
Toxabramis
Tribolodon
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[94] [more]
Trigonostigma
Trigonostigma is a genus of cyprinid fish found in Southeast Asia. There are currently four described species. [more]
Tropidophoxinellus
Tropidophoxinellus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Tylognathus
Tylognathus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Typhlobarbus
Typhlobarbus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Typhlogarra
Typhlogarra widdowsoni, the Iraq blind barb, is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Iraq where it is found in caves. It is the only species in its genus. [more]
Varicorhinus
Varicorhinus is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Vimba
Vimba is a genus of in the Cyprinidae family. [more]
Xenocypris
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[95] [more]
Xenophysogobio
Xystrosus
Yuriria
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[96] [more]
Zacco
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[97] [more]
At least 18 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Zacco.
More info about the Genus Zacco may be found here.
References
- De Graaf, Martin; Megens, Hendrik-Jan; Samallo, Johannis; Sibbing, Ferdinand A. (2007). "Evolutionary origin of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) small Barbus species: Indications of rapid ecological divergence and speciation". Animal Biology 57: 39. doi:10.1163/157075607780002069.
- dictionary.com [2009]: Cyprinid. Retrieved 2009-SEP-25.
- Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). "Cyprinidae" in FishBase. August 2011 version.
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FFWCC) (2006): Florida's Exotic Freshwater Fishes. Retrieved 2007-03-05.
- Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (GSMFC) (2005): Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758). Version of 2005-08-03. Retrieved 20 07-05-03.
- He, Shunping; Mayden, Richard L.; Wang, Xuzheng; Wang, Wei; Tang, Kevin L.; Chen, Wei-Jen; Chen, Yiyu (2008). "Molecular phylogenetics of the family Cyprinidae (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) as evidenced by sequence variation in the first intron of S7 ribosomal protein-coding gene: Further evidence from a nuclear gene of the systematic chaos in the family". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46 (3): 818?29. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.001. PMID 18203625.
- He, Shunping; Gu, Xun; Mayden, Richard L.; Chen, Wei-Jen; Conway, Kevin W.; Chen, Yiyu (2008). "Phylogenetic position of the enigmatic genus Psilorhynchus (Ostariophysi: Cypriniformes): Evidence from the mitochondrial genome". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47 (1): 419?25. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.0 12. PMID 18053751.
- Helfman, Gene (1997). The Diversity of Fishes. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0865422567.
- Howes, G. J. (1991): Systematics and biogeography: an overview. In: Winfield, I. J. & Nelson, J. S. (eds.): Biology of Cyprinids: 1?33. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London.
- International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) (2009): 2009 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.1. Retrieved 2009-SEP-20.
- Magri MacMahon, A. F. (1946): Fishlore. Pelican Books.
- Nelson, Joseph (2006). Fishes of the World. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0471250317.
- Riehl, Rudiger (1996). Aquarium Atlas. Voyageur Press (MN). ISBN 3882440503.
External links
- "Cyprinidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=163342. Retrieved 28 April 2004.
Bibliography
- Alves-Gomes J, Hopkins CD, Brain, behavior and evolution. 1997;49(6):324-50.
- Clench MH, Mathias JR, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Physiology. 1996 Nov;115(3):253-7.
Footnotes
- http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=114867
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- ^ Fishbase (2004), Nelson (2006)
- ^ a b c He et al. (2008b)
- ^ Nelson (2006)
- ^ Magri MacMahon (1946): pp.149-152
- ^ GSMFC (2005), FFWCC [2008]
- ^ Riehl & Baensch (1996): p.410
- ^ Helfman et al. (1997): p.228
- ^ a b He et al. ( 2008a)
- ^ Howes (1991)
Sources
- The text on this page is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It includes material from Wikipedia retrieved Wednesday, April 25, 2012.
- The distribution map on the Distribution tab comes from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and is used with permission.
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- The technology underlying this page, including the controls behind Keep Exploring, is owned by the BayScience Foundation. All rights are reserved.