Overview
Commonly known as cuckoo wasps, the Hymenopteran family Chrysididae is a very large cosmopolitan group (over 3000 described species) of parasitoid or cleptoparasitic wasps, often highly sculptured, with brilliantly colored metallic-like bodies (thus the common names jewel wasp, gold wasp, or emerald wasp are sometimes used). They are most diverse in desert regions of the world, as they are typically associated with solitary bee and wasp species, which are also most diverse in such areas.
Members of the largest subfamily, Chrysidinae, are the most familiar; they are generally cleptoparasites, laying their eggs in host nests, where their larvae consume the host egg or larva while it is still young, then consuming the provisions. Chrysidines are distinguished from the members of other subfamilies in that most can curl into a defensive ball, in a process known as conglobation. This ability is shared with pill bugs, pill millipedes (which are often mistaken for pill bugs), and armadilloes. Members of the other subfamilies are parasitoids, of either sawflies or walking sticks, and cannot fold up into a ball.
- Chrysis. net a picture rich and very informative site
- Family Chrysididae - Cuckoo Wasps at Bugguide, images and information.
- Chrysididae Identification Guide An online guide to the Chrysidids of Eastern North America
- Hymis de Images (=Bilder)
Taxonomy
The Family Chrysididae is a member of the Superfamily Chrysidoidea. Here is the complete "parentage" of Chrysididae:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Animalia
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
A.M.A. Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Superorder: Hymenopterida
- Order: Hymenoptera
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Ants, Bees, and Wasps
- Suborder: Apocrita
- Ants, Bees
- Superfamily: Chrysidoidea
- Family: Chrysididae - cuckoo wasps
- Superfamily: Chrysidoidea
- Suborder: Apocrita
- Ants, Bees
- Order: Hymenoptera
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Ants, Bees, and Wasps
- Superorder: Hymenopterida
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
A.M.A. Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Kingdom: Animalia
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
The Family Chrysididae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subfamily (2): Chrysidinae · Cleptinae
- Genus (22): Argochrysis · Caenochrysis · Ceratochrysis · Chrysidea · Chrysis · Chrysura · Cleptes · Cleptidea · Elampus · Euchroeus · Hedychridium · Hedychrum · Holopyga · Omalus · Parnopes · Philoctetes · Praestochrysis · Pseudomalus · Pseudospinolia · Spinolia · Spintharina · Trichrysis
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 450 species and subspecies in the Family Chrysididae.
Genera
Argochrysis
Caenochrysis
Ceratochrysis
Chrysidea
Chrysis
Chrysura
Cleptes
Cleptidea
Elampus
Euchroeus
Hedychridium
Hedychrum
Holopyga
Omalus
Parnopes
Philoctetes
Praestochrysis
Pseudomalus
Pseudospinolia
Spinolia
Spintharina
Trichrysis
At least 5 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Trichrysis.
More info about the Genus Trichrysis may be found here.
Sources
- The distribution map on the Distribution tab comes from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and is used with permission.
- Photographs on this page are copyrighted by individual photographers, and individual copyrights apply.
- The technology underlying this page, including the controls behind Keep Exploring, is owned by the BayScience Foundation. All rights are reserved.
