Overview
Castniidae, or castniid moths, is a small family of moths with fewer than 200 species: The majority are Neotropical with some in Australia and a few in south-east Asia. These are medium-sized to very large moths, usually with drab, cryptically-marked forewings and brightly colored hindwings. They have clubbed antennae and are day-flying, and are often mistaken for butterflies. Indeed some previous classification systems placed this family within the butterflies or skippers. The Neotropical species are commonly known as giant butterfly-moths, the Australian and Asian species as sun moths. The larvae are internal feeders, often on roots of epiphytes or on monocotyledons (Edwards et al., 1999: 184-188).
Subfamily Castniinae
- Tribe
Castniini
- Amauta
- Athis
- Castnia
- Castniomera
- Corybantes
- Eupalamides
- Feschaeria
- Geyeria
- Haemonides
- Hista
- Imara
- Insigniocastnia
- Ircila
- Lapaeumides
- Spilopastes
- Synpalamides
- Telchin
- Xanthocastnia
- Yagra
- Tribe Gazerini
- Castnius
- Ceretes
- Divana
- Duboisvalia
- Frostetola
- Gazera
- Mirocastnia
- Oiticicastnia
- Paysandisia
- Prometheus
- Riechia
- Tosxampila
- Zegara
- Tribe Synemonini
- Synemon
Subfamily Tascininae
- Tascina
Subfamily incertae sedis
- ?Dominickus
Subfamily Castniinae
- Tribe
Castniini
- Amauta
- Athis
- Castnia
- Castniomera
- Corybantes
- Eupalamides
- Feschaeria
- Geyeria
- Haemonides
- Hista
- Imara
- Insigniocastnia
- Ircila
- Lapaeumides
- Spilopastes
- Synpalamides
- Telchin
- Xanthocastnia
- Yagra
- Tribe Gazerini
- Castnius
- Ceretes
- Divana
- Duboisvalia
- Frostetola
- Gazera
- Mirocastnia
- Oiticicastnia
- Paysandisia
- Prometheus
- Riechia
- Tosxampila
- Zegara
- Tribe Synemonini
- Synemon
Subfamily Tascininae
- Tascina
Subfamily incertae sedis
- ?Dominickus
References
- Edwards, E.D., Gentili, P., Horak, M., Kristensen, N.P. and Nielsen, E.S. (1999). The cossoid/sesioid assemblage. Ch. 11, pp. 181-195 in Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.). Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Volume 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie. Eine Naturgeschichte der St?mme des Tierreiches / Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Band / Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta Teilband / Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York.
External links
Taxonomy
The Family Castniidae is a member of the Superfamily Castnioidea. Here is the complete "parentage" of Castniidae:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Animalia
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
A.M.A. Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Cohort: Myoglossata
- Superorder: Amphiesmenoptera
- Order: Lepidoptera
- Butterflies and Moths
- Suborder: Glossata
- Infraorder: Heteroneura
- a genus of Longhorned Beetles (Cerambycidae)
- Superfamily: Castnioidea
- Family: Castniidae
- Superfamily: Castnioidea
- Infraorder: Heteroneura
- a genus of Longhorned Beetles (Cerambycidae)
- Suborder: Glossata
- Order: Lepidoptera
- Butterflies and Moths
- Superorder: Amphiesmenoptera
- Cohort: Myoglossata
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
A.M.A. Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Kingdom: Animalia
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
The Family Castniidae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subfamily (3): Castniinae · Neocastniinae · Synemoninae
- Genus (35): Amauta · Athis · Castnia · Castniomera · Ceretes · Corybantes · Divana · Duboisvalia · Enicospila · Erythrocastnia · Eupalamides · Feschaeria · Frostetola · Gazera · Haemonides · Herrichia · Hista · Imara · Ircila · Lapaeumides · Leucocastnia · Mirocastnia · Nasca · Neocastnia · Paysandisia · Prometheus · Spilopastes · Synemon · Synpalamides · Tascina · Tosxampila · Xanthocastnia · Yagra · Ypanema · Zegara
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 385 species and subspecies in the Family Castniidae.
Genera
Amauta
Jos? Carlos Mari?tegui La Chira (14 June 1894? 16 April 1930) was a Peruvian journalist, political philosopher, and activist. A prolific writer before his early death at age 35, he is considered one of the most influential Latin American socialists of the 20th century. Mari?tegui's most famous work, (1928), is still widely read in South America. An avowed, self-taught Marxist, he insisted that a socialist revolution should evolve organically in Latin America on the basis of local conditions and practices, not the result of mechanically applying a European formula. [more]
Athis
Castnia
Castniomera
Ceretes
Corybantes
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Divana
Duboisvalia
Enicospila
Erythrocastnia
Eupalamides
Feschaeria
Frostetola
Gazera
Haemonides
Herrichia
Hista
Imara
Ircila
Lapaeumides
Leucocastnia
Mirocastnia
Nasca
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[1] [more]
Neocastnia
Paysandisia
Paysandisia archon is a moth of the family Castniidae. It is native to Uruguay and central Argentina and has been accidentally introduced to Europe, where it is spreading rapidly. It is considered the only member of the genus Paysandisia. [more]
Prometheus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[2] [more]
Spilopastes
Synemon
Synpalamides
Tascina
Tascina is a genus of from SE Asia. [more]
Tosxampila
Xanthocastnia
Yagra
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Ypanema
Zegara
At least 23 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Zegara.
More info about the Genus Zegara may be found here.
References
- Edwards, E.D., Gentili, P., Horak, M., Kristensen, N.P. and Nielsen, E.S. (1999). The cossoid/sesioid assemblage. Ch. 11, pp. 181-195 in Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.). Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Volume 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie. Eine Naturgeschichte der St?mme des Tierreiches / Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Band / Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta Teilband / Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York.
External links
- Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus list
- Tree of Life
- Australian Moths Online
- Sun Moths
- Australian Castniidae
- Castniidae Images
Footnotes
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Nasca&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Prometheus&search=Search
Sources
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