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Bradybaenidae

(Family)

Overview

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Bradybaenidae is a taxonomic family of medium-sized to small land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.

These snails are found mainly in Asia, with only one species occurring in Northwestern Europe: Fruticicola fruticum.

The name of the family and the genus Bradybaena is derived from the Greek words bradus (= slow) and baino (= walk), meaning "slow walker".

Molecular phylogenetic studies from 2007 showed that bradybaenids are closely related with the Camaenidae, which are currently recognized as a distinct family. In these studies both Bradybaenidae and Camaenidae are mutually polyphyletic, together forming a monophyletic group, however. This finding suggests that the distinction of both families as based essentially on the absence (Camaenidae) or presence (Bardybaenidae) of a diverticulum, is arbitrary. This anatomical structure was apparently lost (or was gained) in several groups in convergence and is therefore not suitable for the delimitation of natural groups.1]

As a result, the Bradybaenidae being the younger taxon are likely to represent a junior synonym of the Camaenidae.[]

Anatomy

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Some genera of snails in this family create and use love darts as part of their mating behavior. The dart sac contains one to two glands. They are also defined by missing a diverticulum.

In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).[2]

Taxonomy

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The following two subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):

  • subfamily Bradybaeninae Pilsbry, 1924
    • tribe Aegistini Kuroda & Habe, 1949
    • tribe Bradybaenini Pilsbry, 1934 - synonyms: Eulotidae M?llendorff, 1898; Fruticicolinae Kobelt, 1904; Buliminopsinae Hoffmann, 1928
    • tribe Euhadrini Habe, Okutani & Nishiwaki, 1994
  • subfamily Helicostylinae Ihering, 1909 - synonyms: Pfeifferiinae Gray, 1855; Cochlostylidae M?llendorff, 1890

Genera

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Two live individuals of Aegista tokyoensis, one retracted and one active

Genera within the family Bradybaenidae include:

subfamily Bradybaeninae - they are defined by the presence of two divided glands with one to two accessory sacs.
tribe Aegistini

  • Aegista Albers, 1850
  • Coelo rus Pilsbry, 1900
  • Lepidopisum Habe, 1957
  • Mandarina Pilsbry, 1895[3]
  • Plectotropis Martens in Albers, 1860
  • Trishoplita Jacobi, 1898

tribe Bradybaenini

  • Ainohelix Kuroda & Taki, 1933
  • Bradybaena Beck, 1837 - for example: Bradybaena similaris, the Asian trampsnail
  • Cathaica Moellendorff, 1884
  • Coccoglypta Pilsbry, 1895
  • Eulota Hartmann, 1843
  • Ezohelix Kuroda & Emura, 1938
  • Fruticicola Held, 1838 - for example Fruticicola fruticum
  • Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899
  • Nesiohelix Kuroda & Emura, 1943
  • Phaeohelix Kuroda & Habe, 1949
  • Plecteulota Moellendorff, 1892
  • Ponsadenia Schileyko, 1978
  • Pseudiberus Ancey, 1887
  • Pseudobuliminus Gredler, 1886

tribe Euhadrini

  • Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890

subfamily Helicostylinae - they are defined by the presence of one gland that is being inserted without accessory sac (Tricheulota group) or with accessory sac (Helicostyla group).

  • Calocochlia Hartmann, 1840 (nomen nudum)
  • Cochlostyla Pilsbry, 1895
  • Helicostyla F?russac, 1821
  • Tricheulota Pilsbry, 1895

The genus Monadenia Pilsbry, 1895 used to be placed in this family,[4] but it has been moved to the family Xanthonychidae.

id="cite_ref-Barker_1-0" class="reference">[2]

Taxonomy

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The following two subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):

  • subfamily Bradybaeninae Pilsbry, 1924
    • trib e Aegistini Kuroda & Habe, 1949
    • tribe Bradybaenini Pilsbry, 1934 - synonyms: Eulotidae M?llendorff, 1898; Fruticicolinae Kobelt, 1904; Buliminopsinae Hoffmann, 1928
    • tribe Euhadrini Habe, Okutani & Nishiwaki, 1994
  • subfamily Helicostylinae Ihering, 1909 - synonyms: Pfeifferiinae Gray, 1855; Cochlostylidae M?llendorff, 1890

Genera

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Two live individuals of Aegista tokyoensis, one retracted and one active

Genera within the family Bradybaenidae include:

subfamily Bradybaeninae - they are defined by the presence of two divided glands with one to two accessory sacs.
tribe Aegistini

  • Aegista Albers, 18 50
  • Coelorus Pilsbry, 1900
  • Lepidopisum Habe, 1957
  • Mandarina Pilsbry, 1895[3]
  • Plectotropis Martens in Albers, 1860
  • Trishoplita Jacobi, 1898

tribe Bradybaenini

  • Ainohelix Kuroda & Taki, 1933
  • Bradybaena Beck, 1837 - for example: Bradybaena similaris, the Asian trampsnail
  • Cathaica Moellendorff, 1884
  • Coccoglypta Pilsbry, 1895
  • Eulota Hartmann, 1843
  • Ezohelix Kuroda & Emura, 1938
  • Fruticicola Held, 1838 - for example Fruticicola fruticum
  • Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899
  • Nesiohelix Kuroda & Emura, 1943
  • Phaeohelix Kuroda & Habe, 1949
  • Plecteulota Moellendorff, 1892
  • Ponsadenia Schileyko, 1978
  • Pseudiberus Ancey, 1887
  • Pseudobuliminus Gredler, 1886

tribe Euhadrini

  • Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890

subfamily Helicostylinae - they are defined by the presence of one gland that is being inserted without accessory sac (Tricheulota group) or with accessory sac (Helicostyla group).

  • Calocochlia Hartmann, 1840 (nomen nudum)
  • Cochlostyla Pilsbry, 1895
  • Helicostyla F?russac, 1821
  • Tricheulota Pilsbry, 1895

The genus Monadenia Pilsbry, 1895 used to be placed in this family,[4] but it has been moved to the family Xanthonychidae.

References

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  1. ^ Wade C. M., Hudelot C., Davison A., Naggs F., Mordan P. B. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny of the helicoid land snails (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea), with special emphasis on the Camaenidae". Journal of Molluscan Studies 73(4): 411-415. doi:10.1093/mollus/eym030.
  2. ^ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
  3. ^ Davison A. & Chiba S. (2006). "Labile ecotypes accompany rapid cladogenesis in an adaptive radiation of Mandarina (Bradybaenidae) land snails". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 88(2): 269-282. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00624.x.
  4. ^ [1] Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Bradybaenidae Taxonomic Serial No.: 77713 cited 18 July 2007

External links

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  • Bradybaenidae at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)

Taxonomy

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The Family Bradybaenidae is a member of the Superfamily Helicoidea. Here is the complete "parentage" of Bradybaenidae:

The Family Bradybaenidae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Acusta

[more]

Aegista

Aegista is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bradybaenidae. [more]

Ainohelix

[more]

Anixa

[more]

Axina

[more]

Bradybaena

[more]

Buliminopsis

[more]

Calocochlia

[more]

Canistrum

Canistrum (Greek “kanistron” - a kind of basket carried on the head) is a of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. [more]

Cathaica

[more]

Chloraea

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Chlorea

[more]

Chlorilis

[more]

Chrysallis

[more]

Cochlostyla

[more]

Corasia

[more]

Dolicheulota

[more]

Euhadra

Euhadra is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bradybaenidae. (This snail genus was previously placed in the family ). [more]

Eulota

[more]

Ezohelix

Fruticicola

[more]

Fruticola

Halolimnohelix

Halolimnohelix is a genus of in the Hygromiidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Helicostyla

Helicostyla is a genus of in the Bradybaenidae family. [more]

Hemitrichia

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Hemitrichiella

[more]

Karaftohelix

Koreanohadra

[more]

Laecocathaica

[more]

Laeocathaica

[more]

Mesanella

[more]

Nesiohelix

[more]

Paraegista

Paraegista is a genus of in the Bradybaenidae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Phaeohelix

Phengus

[more]

Phoenicobius

[more]

Plecteulota

[more]

Plectotropis

[more]

Ponsadenia

Pseudobuliminus

Pseudobulimulus

[more]

Steatodryas

[more]

Stilpnodiscus

[more]

Tricheulota

[more]

Trichocathaica

[more]

Trishoplita

At least 15 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Trishoplita.

More info about the Genus Trishoplita may be found here.

References

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  1. ^ Wade C. M., Hudelot C., Davison A., Naggs F., Mordan P. B. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny of the helicoid land snails (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea), with special emphasis on the Camaenidae". Journal of Molluscan Studies 73(4): 411-415. doi:10.1093/mollus/eym030.
  2. ^ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
  3. ^ Davison A. & Chiba S. (2006). "Labile ecotypes ac company rapid cladogenesis in an adaptive radiation of Mandarina (Bradybaenidae) land snails". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 88(2): 269-282. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00624.x.
  4. ^ [1] Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Bradybaenidae Taxonomic Serial No.: 77713 cited 18 July 2007

Sources

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Last Revised: August 24, 2012
2012/08/24 13:26:02