Overview
The Arctiinae are a subfamily of moths.
The systematics of the Arctiinae are in need of revision and depends significantly on a personal view of an author. In any case, Arctiinae (or Arctiidae) is a monophyletic group with a clear autapomorphic character - a presence of anal glands in females. On the other hand, this group bifurcated between Catocalinae and Herminiinae. So, many specialists downgraded Arctiidae to a subfamily of Erebidae. So, Arctiinae (tiger-moths) were downgraded to a tribe level, and tribes of Arctiinae: Euchaetini, Amerilini, Callimorphini, Nyctemerini, Arctiini, Micrarctiini, Spilosomini should be downgraded to subtribes. List of tribes taken from [1] and.[2]
Sometimes the Ctenuchinae and the Pericopinae a re merged in the Arctiinae as tribes too.
Arctiinae incertae sedis
A considerable number of genera have not been robustly assigned to a tribe yet. Some of these might even not belong in the Arctiidae at all. The genera incertae sedis are:
A note by V.V. Dubatolov
Generic composition of Arctiinae have been stated in main species catalogs of this subfamily: Nearctics (Ferguson & Opler, 2006[3]), Neotropics (Watson & Goodger, 1986[4]), Eurasia (Dubatolov & de Vos, 2010[2]), Australia (Edwards, 1996[5]), with additions and corrections by V.V. Dubatolov, Afrotropics (Goodger & Watson, 1995 with later additions and corrections by V.V.Dubatolov). Many problematic genera were placed in correct tribes or different subfamilies in these catalogs.
Some notable taxa
- Eupseudosoma involuta (Sepp, 1855)
- Halysidota leda (Druce, 1880)
- Halysidota leda leda
- Halysidota leda enricoi Toulgo?t, 1978
- Halysidota schausi Rothschild, 1909
- Hypercompe icasia (Cramer, 1777)
- Opharus bimaculata (Dewitz, 1877)
- Pachydota albiceps (Walker, 1856)
- Pseudamastus alsa (Druce, 1890)
- Pseudamastus alsa alsa
- Pseudamastus alsa lalannei Toulgo?t, 1985
- Uteth eisa ornatrix (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Utetheisa pulchella (Linnaeus, 1758)
Some no table taxa
- Eupseudosoma involuta (Sepp, 1855)
- Halysidota leda (Druce, 1880)
- Halysidota leda leda
- Halysidota leda enricoi Toulgo?t, 1978
- Halysidota schausi Rothschild, 1909
- Hypercompe icasia (Cramer, 1777)
- Opharus bimaculata (Dewitz, 1877)
- Pachydota albiceps (Walker, 1856)
- Pseudamastus alsa (Druce, 1890)
- Pseudamastus alsa alsa
- Pseudamastus alsa lalannei Toulgo?t, 1985
- Utetheisa ornatrix (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Utetheisa pulchella (Linnaeus, 1758)
References
- ^ Lafontaine, J.D., Fibiger, M. 2006: Revised higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera). Canadian entomologist, 138: 610-635.
- ^ a b Dubatolov, V.V., 2010: Tiger-moths of Eurasia (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) (Nyctemerini by Rob de Vos & Vladimir V. Dubatolov). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 65: 1-106.
- ^ Ferguson DC & Opler PA (2006): Checklist of the Arctiidae (Lepidoptera: Insecta) of the continental United States and Canada. Zootaxa 1299: 1-33.
- ^ Watson A & Goodger DT (1986): Catalogue of the Neotropical tiger-moths: 1-71, Trustes of the British Museum (Natural History): London.
- ^ Edwards ED (1996): Arctiidae: 278-286, 368-370. In: Nielsen E, Edwards E, Rangsi T, Edwards ED, Nielsen ES & Rangsi TV Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera 4: xiv+529
- Savela, Markku (2007): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms: Arctiinae. Version of 2007-MAR-15. Retrieved 2007-JUN-2.
Main species catalogs
- Dubatolov VV (2010) Tiger-moths of Eurasia (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) (Nyctemerini by Rob de Vos & Vladimir V. Dubatolov). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 65:1-106
- Edwards ED (1996) Arctiidae. Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera 4:278-286,368-370
- Ferguson DC, Opler PA (2006) Checklist of the Arctiidae (Lepidoptera: Insecta) of the continental United States and Canada. Zootaxa 1299:1-33
- Goodger DT, Watson A (1995) The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths. An illustrated catalogue, with generic diagnosis and species distribution, of the Afrotropical Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Apollo Books Aps.: Denmark, 55 pp.
- Watson A (1971) An illustrated Catalog of the Neotropic Arctiinae type in the United States National Museum (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) Part 1. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 50:1-361
- Watson A, Goodger DT (1986) Catalogue of the Neotropical Tiger-moths. Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology 1:1-71
External links
- Arctiidae of the French Antilles. Retrieved 2007-JUN-2.
Taxonomy
The Subfamily Arctiinae is a member of the Family Arctiidae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Arctiinae:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Animalia
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
A.M.A. Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Cohort: Myoglossata
- Superorder: Amphiesmenoptera
- Order: Lepidoptera
Linnaeus, 1758 - Butterflies and Moths
- Suborder: Glossata
- Infraorder: Heteroneura
- a genus of Longhorned Beetles (Cerambycidae)
- Superfamily: Noctuoidea
- Infraorder: Heteroneura
- a genus of Longhorned Beetles (Cerambycidae)
- Suborder: Glossata
- Order: Lepidoptera
Linnaeus, 1758 - Butterflies and Moths
- Superorder: Amphiesmenoptera
- Cohort: Myoglossata
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
A.M.A. Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Kingdom: Animalia
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
The Subfamily Arctiinae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Genus (86): Acoloithus · Aemilia · Agaraea · Alexicles · Amerila · Apantesis · Apocrisias · Arachnis · Arctia · Argina · Bertholdia · Biturix · Calidota · Callimorpha · Carales · Carlotta · Celia · Cisseps · Clymene · Coscinia · Cosmosoma · Creatonotus · Cycnia · Dahana · Diacrisia · Diaphora · Dodia · Dysschema · Ecpantheria · Ectypia · Egle · Empyreuma · Estigmene · Euchaetes · Euerythra · Euplagia · Eupseudosoma · Gnophaela · Grammia · Halisidota · Halysidota · Haploa · Harrisina · Hemihyalea · Holomelina · Hypercompe · Hyphantria · Hypocrisias · Isia · Kodiosoma · Leptarctia · Lerina · Leucanopsis · Leucoma · Lophocampa · Lymire · Macrocneme · Neoarctia · Nerea · Neritos · Notarctia · Nyctemera · Opharus · Pagara · Pararctia · Parasemia · Pareuchaetes · Phaeosoma · Phaloesia · Phoenicoprocta · Phragmatobia · Platarctia · Platyprepia · Pygarctia · Pygoctenucha · Pyrrharctia · Seirarctia · Spilosoma · Syntomeida · Tessella · Turuptiana · Tyria · Utetheisa · Utethesia · Virbia · Virgo
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 3,275 species and subspecies in the Subfamily Arctiinae.
Genera
Acoloithus
Acoloithus is a genus of moths of the Zygaenidae family. [more]
Aemilia
Aemilia can indicate several people and places in Classical history: [more]
Agaraea
Alexicles
Alexicles is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae. [more]
Amerila
Amerila is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae. A number of species in this genus have a special defence mechanism when they are in their adult stage. When disturbed, they exude a frothy yellow fluid from glands beside the eyes, while making a sizzling noise to ward off their attacker. Similar behaviour has been observed in fertilised females of the North-American moth Utetheisa ornatrix. [more]
Apantesis
Apantesis is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae. It contains the following species: [more]
Apocrisias
Apocrisias is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae. [more]
Arachnis
Arachnis is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae, subfamily Arctiinae. [more]
Arctia
Arctia is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae. [more]
Argina
Argina is a moth genus in the family Arctiidae. Not long ago it was divided into three genera: Argina (A. cribraria), Alytarchia (A. amanda, A. leonina), Mangina (M. argus, M. syringa, M. pulchra). [more]
Bertholdia
Bertholdia is a genus of moths in the Arctiidae family. [more]
Biturix
Biturix is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae. [more]
Calidota
Callimorpha
Carales
Cagliari (Italian: (
listen); Sardinian: Casteddu) is the capital of the island of Sardinia, a region of Italy. Cagliari's Sardinian name Casteddu literally means castle. It has about 156,000 inhabitants, or about 480,000 including the outlying townships (metropolitan area): Elmas, Assemini, Capoterra, Selargius, Sestu, Monserrato, Quartucciu, Quartu Sant'Elena. [more]
Carlotta
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[1] [more]
Celia
Cisseps
Clymene
A Genus in the Kingdom unknown!.[2] [more]
Coscinia
Cosmosoma
Creatonotus
Cycnia
Dahana
Diacrisia
Diaphora
Diaphora is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae from the Palearctic. [more]
Dodia
Dysschema
Ecpantheria
Hypercompe is a of moths of the family Arctiidae. There are over 80 species found throughout the Americas. Several species were formerly separated in Ecpantheria which is now regarded as a junior synonym. They are typically large moths with white forewings heavily spotted with black, and brightly-colored abdomens which are exposed when the moth is threatened. This is a form of aposematism; they produce copious amounts of foul-smelling defensive chemicals, which they ooze from special points of weakness on the thorax, to discourage would-be predators without having to be eaten.[citation needed] [more]
Ectypia
Egle
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[3] [more]
Empyreuma
Estigmene
Euchaetes
Euerythra
Euplagia
Eupseudosoma
Eupseudosoma is a of moths of the Arctiidae family. The best known and most widespread species is Eupseudosoma involutum, the Snowy Eupseudosoma, a bright white moth which is found from the southern United States right down to the south of South America. There are a few other species found across the Americas. [more]
Gnophaela
Grammia
Halisidota
Halysidota
Haploa
Haploa is a genus of arctiid moths. Larvae of these species are generally polyphagous, developing on hostplants such as Populus, Salix, Prunus, and Rubus. [more]
Harrisina
Hemihyalea
Holomelina
Hypercompe
Hypercompe is a of moths of the family Arctiidae. There are over 80 species found throughout the Americas. Several species were formerly separated in Ecpantheria which is now regarded as a junior synonym. They are typically large moths with white forewings heavily spotted with black, and brightly-colored abdomens which are exposed when the moth is threatened. This is a form of aposematism; they produce copious amounts of foul-smelling defensive chemicals, which they ooze from special points of weakness on the thorax, to discourage would-be predators without having to be eaten.[citation needed] [more]
Hyphantria
Hypocrisias
Isia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[4] [more]
Kodiosoma
Leptarctia
Lerina
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[5] [more]
Leucanopsis
Leucoma
Lophocampa
Lymire
Macrocneme
Neoarctia
Nerea
Neritos
Notarctia
Nyctemera
The Magpie moth is a name for several species of black and white moths: [more]
Opharus
Pagara
Pararctia
Parasemia
Pareuchaetes
Phaeosoma
Phaloesia
Phoenicoprocta
Phragmatobia
Platarctia
Platyprepia
Pygarctia
Pygoctenucha
Pyrrharctia
Seirarctia
Spilosoma
Syntomeida
Tessella
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[6] [more]
Turuptiana
Tyria
Utetheisa
Utetheisa is a of arctiid moths. Caterpillars feed on Crotalaria (rattlebox), and hence the moth genus is often called rattlebox moths. Species of this Utetheisa are usually bright and colorful. [more]
Utethesia
Virbia
Virgo
At least 3 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Virgo.
More info about the Genus Virgo may be found here.
References
- ^ Lafontaine, J.D., Fibiger, M. 2006: Revised higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera). Canadian entomologist, 138: 610-635.
- ^ a b Dubatolov, V.V., 2010: Tiger-moths of Eurasia (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) (Nyctemerini by Rob de Vos & Vladimir V. Dubatolov). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 65: 1-106.
- ^ Ferguson DC & Opler PA (2006): Checklist of the Arctiidae (Lepidoptera: Insecta) of the continental United States and Canada. Zootaxa 1299: 1-33.
- ^ Watson A & Goodger DT (1986): Ca talogue of the Neotropical tiger-moths: 1-71, Trustes of the British Museum (Natural History): London.
- ^ Edwards ED (1996): Arctiidae: 278-286, 368-370. In: Nielsen E, Edwards E, Rangsi T, Edwards ED, Nielsen ES & Rangsi TV Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera 4: xiv+529
Footnotes
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Carlotta&search=Search
- http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=112580
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Egle&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Isia&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Lerina&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Tessella&search=Search
Sources
- The text on this page is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It includes material from Wikipedia retrieved Wednesday, April 25, 2012.
- Photographs on this page are copyrighted by individual photographers, and individual copyrights apply.
- The technology underlying this page, including the controls behind Keep Exploring, is owned by the BayScience Foundation. All rights are reserved.