Overview
Arctiidae is a large and diverse family of with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. 1] This family includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colors, footmen (which are usually much drabber), lichen moths and wasp moths. Many species have 'hairy' caterpillars which are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name refers to this (Gk. a??t?? = a bear). Caterpillars may also go by the name 'tussock moths' (more usually this refers to Lymantriidae, however).
Diagnosis
The most distinctive feature of the family is a tymbal organ on the metathorax.[1] This organ has membranes which are vibrated to produce ultrasonic sounds. They also have thoracic tympanal organs for hearing, a trait which has a fairly broad distribution in the Lepidoptera, but the location and structure is distinctive to the family. Other distinctive traits are particular setae ('hairs') on the larvae, wing venation, and a pair of glands near the ovipositor.[1] The sounds are used in mating [2] and for defense against predators[3].
Aposematism
Many species retain distasteful or poisonous chemicals acquired from their host plants[4]. Some species also have the ability to make their own defenses (Nishida, 2002). Common defenses include: cardiac glycosides (or cardenolides), pyrrolizidine alkaloids, pyrazines and histamines[4]. Larvae usually acquire these chemicals, and may retain them in the adult stage. But adults can acquire them too, by regurgitating on decomposing plants containing the compounds, and sucking up the fluid[4]. Adults can transfer the defenses to their eggs, and males sometimes transfer them to females to help with defense of the eggs. Larval 'hairs' may be stinging, due to histamines the caterpillar makes, in some species but not all.
The insects advertise these defenses with aposematic bright coloration, unusual postures, odours, or, in adults, ultrasonic vibrations. Some mimic moths that are poisonous, or wasps that sting[5]. The ultrasound signals help nocturnal predators to learn to avoid the moths[6][7], and can interfere with bats' ability to precisely locate flying moths (Ratcliffe and Fullard, 2005).
Life Cycle
Many of the caterpillars and adults are active during the daytime. If disturbed, woolly bear caterpillars will roll into a tight spiral. Common folklore has it that the forthcoming severity of a winter can be predicted by the amount of black on the Isabella tiger moth's caterpillar, the most familiar woolly bear in North America; however the relative width of the black band varies among instars, not according to weather[8]. Isabella tiger moths (Pyrrharctia isabella) overwinter in the caterpillar stage. They can survive freezing at moderate subzero temperatures by producing a cryo-protectant chemical[9]. The larvae of another species, Phragmatobia fuliginosa may be found on snow seeking a place to pupate.
Although abundant, few species in this family are of economic importance. Even the fall webworm, an abundant and highly polyphagous tree-feeding species that has spread from North America to Asia and Europe, does not do lasting damage to healthy hosts.
Lore
As mentioned above, local lore of the American Northeast holds that that "Woolly bears" have the ability to predict the weather, similar to that of the Groundhog. The lore goes: "More brown than black means a fair winter, but more black than brown means there is going to be a harsh winter". While there is no truth to this theory (the offspring of a single female can range from almost completely brown to almost completely black), they possess mythical qualities in the American Northeast, leading to such things as the Woollybear Fes tival.
Notable Species
- Banded tussock moth, Halysidota tesselaris
- Banded woolly bear or Isabella tiger moth, Pyrrharctia isabella
- Buff Ermine, Spilarctia luteum
- Cinnabar moth, Tyria jacobaeae
- Common Footman, Eilema lurideola
- Dogbane tiger moth or Delicate Cycnia, Cycnia tenera
- Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea
- Garden tiger moth, Arctia caja
- Giant Leopard Moth, Hypercompe scribonia
- Hickory tussock moth, Lophocampa caryae
- Milkweed tussock moth, Euchaetes egle
- Scarlet tiger moth, Callimorpha dominula
- Maltese Ruby Tiger Moth, Phragmatobia fuliginosa ssp. melitensis
Gallery
Photos
Taxonomy
The Family Arctiidae is a member of the Superfamily Noctuoidea. Here is the complete "parentage" of Arctiidae:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Animalia
Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
Aguinaldo Et Al., 1997 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Cohort: Myoglossata
- Superorder: Amphiesmenoptera
- Order: Lepidoptera
Linnaeus, 1758 - Butterflies and Moths
- Suborder: Glossata
- Infraorder: Heteroneura
- a genus of Longhorned Beetles (Cerambycidae)
- Superfamily: Noctuoidea
- Family: Arctiidae - Tiger Moths
- Superfamily: Noctuoidea
- Infraorder: Heteroneura
- a genus of Longhorned Beetles (Cerambycidae)
- Suborder: Glossata
- Order: Lepidoptera
Linnaeus, 1758 - Butterflies and Moths
- Superorder: Amphiesmenoptera
- Cohort: Myoglossata
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
Aguinaldo Et Al., 1997 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Kingdom: Animalia
Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
The Family Arctiidae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subfamily (35): Acontiinae · Acronictinae · Arctiinae · Asteroideae · Catocalinae · Citroideae · Ctenuchinae · Cuculliinae · Cypripedioideae · Cyrtandroideae · Erastriinae · Ericoideae · Euphorbioideae · Euteliinae · Hadeninae · Heliothinae · Lithosiinae · Magnolioideae · Nolinae · Ophiderinae · Pericopinae · Philodendroideae · Pierinae · Ranunculoideae · Rhinanthoideae · Rhododendroideae · Scrophularioideae · Sedoideae · Spiraeoideae · Sterculioideae · Syntominae · Thyadinae · Trollioideae · Unplaced · Winteroideae
- Tribe (15): Aeschynantheae · Anemoneae · Calluneae · Citreae · Coreopsideae · Cyclamineae · Euphorbieae · Hemimerideae · Magnolieae · Narcisseae · Rhododendreae · Sedeae · Spiraeeae · Sterculieae · Veroniceae
- Genus (1459): Abablemma · Abacena · Ableptina · Ablita · Abolla · Abriesa · Abseudrapa · Aburina · Abynotha · Acaenica · Acanthermia · Acanthodelta · Acantholeucania · Acantholipes · Acanthoprora · Acantuerta · Acerbia · Achaeops · Acharya · Acidaliodes · Acidon · Acidonistis · Acmana · Acolasis · Acontarache · Acopa · Acosmetia · Acrapex · Acrarmostis · Acremma · Acropserotarache · Acroria · Acroriodes · Acsala · Actea · Actebia · Actinotia · Acygnatha · Acylita · Acyphas · Adaphaenura · Adetoneura · Adisura · Adlullia · Adonisea · Adra · Adrapsa · Adrapsoides · Adris · Adyroma · Aedia · Aegle · Aegleoides · Aegocera · Aemilia · Aeologramma · Aethalina · Afotella · Afrenella · Africalpe · Afrida · Afroplitis · Afropteryx · Afropydna · Agaraea · Agaristodes · Aglaeomorpha · Aglaonice · Aglossestra · Agoma · Agrapha · Agrotana · Agrotisia · Agylla · Akoniodes · Akonus · Alamis · Albarracina · Alelimma · Aleucanitis · Alexicles · Alina · Allata · Alloasteropetes · Allocosmia · Allodonta · Allophyes · Allotoma · Aloa · Alypophanes · Alysina · Amastus · Amauridia · Amazonides · Ametropalpis · Amiana · Ammobiota · Ammoconia · Ammophanes · Ammopolia · Amolita · Amphekes · Amphidrina · Amphigonia · Amphilita · Amphiongia · Amphoraceras · Anachrostis · Anacronicta · Anadevidia · Analetia · Anamecia · Ananepa · Anaplusia · Anapoma · Anartodes · Anartomima · Anatatha · Anateinoma · Anathetis · Ancara · Andesia · Andicola · Andobana · Andrhippuris · Andrianam · Androlymnia · Anereuthina · Anereuthinula · Anexotamos · Angelus · Angitia · Anigraea · Anisoneura · Anna · Anoba · Anomis · Anomophlebia · Anophiodes · Anoratha · Anorena · Antachara · Antapistis · Antaplaga · Anthodes · Antiblemma · Anticarsia · Antimima · Antiophlebia · Antitype · Antivaleria · Antoculeora · Anua · Anuga · Anugana · Anumeta · Anycteola · Anydrophila · Apaegocera · Apantesis · Apaustis · Apeplopoda · Aphorisma · Apocalymnia · Apocrisias · Apopestes · Aporophoba · Aporophyla · Apospasta · Apostema · Apoxestia · Appana · Apustis · Apyre · Arabriga · Arachnis · Araeognatha · Araeopterella · Arboricornus · Arbostola · Arcte · Arctia · Arctinia · Arctornis · Arenarba · Arenostola · Arge · Argidia · Argillana · Argillophora · Argina · Argyphia · Argyrana · Argyrargenta · Argyrhoda · Argyrolepidia · Argyrostagma · Argyrosticta · Argyrostrotis · Ariathisa · Ariphrades · Aristaria · Armada · Arna · Aroa · Arpia · Arrade · Arrothia · Arsaciodes · Artaxa · Artena · Artigisa · Artimelia · Arugisa · Aruta · Arytrurides · Arzama · Ascalapha · Asiccia · Asingana · Asota · Aspidhampsonia · Aspidifrontia · Aspila · Asplenia · Asteroscopus · Asticta · Atethmia · Athaumasta · Athyrma · Atlantagrotis · Atlantarctia · Atopomorpha · Atrachea · Attatha · Attonda · Aucha · Auchmis · Aucula · Audea · Aulotarache · Australothis · Authadistis · Autoba · Autophila · Autoplusia · Avatha · Aventiola · Avitta · Axiocteta · Axylia · Azazia · Azeta · Balbura · Bambusiphila · Bamra · Baniana · Baorisa · Baputa · Barcita · Bathytricha · Batuana · Beara · Beeria · Beihania · Belciana · Bematha · Bembina · Bendis · Bendisodes · Bendisopis · Bergeria · Berioana · Bertholdia · Bertula · Birnara · Biturix · Bityla · Blasticorhinus · Blazia · Blepharita · Blepharosis · Bleptina · Bleptinodes · Bleptiphora · Bocana · Bocula · Bomolocha · Bonaberiana · Borbotana · Borearctia · Borolia · Borsania · Boryza · Bostrodes · Bostrycharia · Bouda · Boursinidia · Bracharoa · Brachionycha · Brachygalea · Brachyherca · Brachymastix · Brachyona · Brachyxanthia · Bradunia · Brana · Britha · Brithodes · Brithys · Brithysana · Brontypena · Bruceia · Bryocodia · Bryogramma · Bryograpta · Bryomima · Bryomoia · Bryonycta · Bryophilina · Bryopolia · Bulia · Burgena · Busseola · Butleronea · Buzara · Cabralia · Cacofota · Cadiorapa · Cadorela · Cadurca · Caelicola · Caenurgia · Caenurgina · Caffristis · Calamia · Calesia · Calesidesma · Calidota · Callegaria · Callhyccoda · Callimorpha · Calliodes · Callipyris · Callistege · Calliteara · Callixena · Calloruza · Callostrotia · Callyna · Calocea · Calocucullia · Calophasidia · Calopteron · Calpoparia · Calydia · Calymma · Calyptra · Camphypena · Camptocrossa · Camptoloma · Campydelta · Canararctia · Canatha · Canthylidia · Capelica · Caphornia · Capnistis · Car · Caragolina · Carales · Caranusca · Carbona · Carcharoda · Cardepia · Cardiestra · Cardiosace · Carlotta · Carmara · Caroga · Carpheria · Carpholithia · Carriola · Carsina · Carteris · Caryonopera · Casama · Casandria · Casperia · Catada · Catadelpha · Catadelta · Catadoides · Catalana · Cataloxia · Catamecia · Catamelas · Catasema · Catephia · Catephiodes · Catephiona · Catoblemma · Catocala · Caularis · Cautaeschra · Cautatha · Caviria · Cecharismena · Ceilodiastrophon · Celia · Celiptera · Centrarthra · Cerapteryx · Ceraptila · Cerocala · Ceroctena · Ceromacra · Cerynea · Cetola · Chabuata · Chaetostephana · Chalciope · Chalcoecia · Chamyla · Chamyna · Chamyris · Chasmina · Chasminodes · Chelis · Chelonomorpha · Chersotis · Chilodes · Chionarctia · Chlumetia · Choerotricha · Chopardiana · Chrysocyma · Chrysograpta · Chrysonicara · Chrysorithrum · Chusaris · Cidariplura · Cifuna · Cirrodes · Cirrodiana · Cirrodistis · Cispia · Cisseps · Cisthene · Claterna · Clavipalpa · Clavipalpula · Clemensia · Cleonymia · Clethrogyna · Closteromorpha · Clymene · Cnethodonta · Coarica · Coelophoris · Coeriana · Cola · Comachara · Composia · Conigephyra · Coniortodes · Conisania · Conistra · Cophanta · Copitarsia · Corgatha · Corgathalia · Correbia · Corsa · Corynitis · Coscinia · Cosmosoma · Cozola · Crambidia · Crambopsis · Crameria · Craniophora · Creatonotus · Crenularia · Crithote · Cropera · Cropia · Crorema · Croremopsis · Cruria · Cryphioides · Cryphiomima · Crypsiprora · Ctenucha · Ctenusa · Culicula · Cultripalpa · Cyana · Cyclopteryx · Cycnia · Cyligramma · Cymatophoropsis · Dahana · Damias · Daplasa · Daseochaeta · Dasorgyia · Dasychiroides · Dasychoproctis · Dasygaster · Dasypolia · Dendrophleps · Depalpata · Dermaleipa · Deserta · Desmoloma · Diacrisia · Diadochia · Diagrapta · Dialithis · Diascia · Dichonia · Dichoniopsis · Dichromia · Dicycla · Dida · Didasys · Dierna · Diloba · Dimerota · Dimorphinoctua · Dinia · Dinoprora · Dinumma · Diomea · Diopa · Diparopsis · Diphthera · Diphtherocome · Diplodira · Diplonephra · Diplothecta · Dipterygina · Dischalis · Discophlebia · Discosema · Disoidemata · Disphragis · Disticta · Ditrogoptera · Divaena · Dodia · Doerriesa · Dolichoscyta · Dolichosomastis · Donacesa · Donuca · Dordura · Dorika · Dorstiana · Doryodes · Drasteriodes · Draudtia · Drepanofoda · Drepanoperas · Drepanophiletis · Drobeta · Drymonia · Dryobota · Dryobotodes · Dudusa · Dunira · Dura · Dusponera · Dyasma · Dymba · Dyomyx · Dyops · Dyrzela · Dysauxes · Dysglyptogona · Dysgnathia · Dysgonia · Dysmilichia · Dyspyralis · Dysschema · Eala · Earias · Eccrita · Echanella · Echo · Ecpantheria · Ecthymia · Ectochela · Ectogonia · Ectogoniella · Ectolopha · Ectopatria · Ectypia · Edessena · Edmondsia · Effractilis · Egle · Egnasia · Egnasides · Egone · Egryrlon · Egybolis · Eicomorpha · Eilema · Elaemima · Elaeodopsis · Eligma · Eloria · Elousa · Elusa · Elygea · Elysius · Emboloecia · Empyreuma · Enea · Engelhardtia · Eospilarctia · Epatolmis · Epharmottomena · Ephesia · Epiconcana · Epicyrtica · Epidemas · Epidromia · Epilecta · Epipsilia · Episcepsis · Epischausia · Episema · Episparina · Episparis · Episparonia · Episteme · Epitausa · Epithisanotia · Epizeuxis · Eragisa · Erastrifacies · Erastriopis · Erastroides · Ercheia · Erebophasma · Erebostrota · Erebus · Eremobia · Eremochlaena · Eremopola · Ericeia · Eriopyga · Eriopygodes · Erioscele · Erocha · Erythrophaia · Estigmene · Estimata · Ethiopica · Ethioterpia · Etobema · Euamiana · Eublarginea · Eublemma · Eublemmistis · Eublemmoides · Eucarta · Eucereon · Euchaetes · Euchalcia · Eucharia · Euclidia · Euclystis · Eucropia · Eudesmia · Eudocima · Eudrapa · Euerythra · Eugatha · Eugnathia · Euhampsonia · Eulepidotis · Eulocastra · Eumichtis · Eunomia · Euplagia · Euprepia · Euproctidion · Eupseudosoma · Eurata · Eurodes · Euromoia · Eustrotia · Eutelia · Exsula · Farara · Felinia · Feliniopsis · Fentonia · Feredayia · Ferenta · Fishia · Flammona · Fleta · Focillistis · Focillodes · Forsebia · Fota · Fracara · Freilla · Fruva · Fulvarba · Gabara · Gabyna · Gaedonea · Galanda · Galeana · Gardinia · Gaurenopsis · Gelastocera · Gelenipsa · Gerarctia · Gerbathodes · Geria · Geroda · Gerra · Gesonia · Ghoria · Gigides · Giria · Giubicolanta · Gizama · Glaucicodia · Glenopteris · Gloanna · Globosusa · Glympis · Gnamptogyia · Gnamptonychia · Gnamptonyx · Gnathogonia · Gnophaela · Goenycta · Gondysia · Goniocarsia · Goniocraspidum · Goniohelia · Goniophila · Goniosema · Gonoclostera · Gracilopsis · Grammia · Grammoa · Graphania · Gynaephora · Hadennia · Haematomis · Hagapteryx · Halisidota · Halysidota · Haploa · Harita · Harpyia · Harrisina · Hecatesia · Hectobrocha · Hedymiges · Helicoverpa · Hemerophanes · Hemihyalea · Heraclia · Heracula · Heraema · Herbertina · Herminia · Hermonassa · Herpoperasa · Hespagarista · Heterogramma · Heterographa · Heteronygmia · Heterotropa · Himeropteryx · Holoarctia · Holomelina · Homaea · Homodes · Hoplodrina · Horama · Hupodonta · Hyaleucerea · Hydrillodes · Hypenodes · Hypenomorpha · Hypercompe · Hypersypnoides · Hyphanria · Hyphantria · Hypocrisias · Hypogrammodes · Hyponeuma · Hypoprepia · Hyposada · Hypospila · Idalus · Ilattia · Ilema · Ilsea · Ilyrgis · Inopsis · Iranada · Iscadia · Ischyja · Isia · Isochlora · Isogona · Isoura · Itmaharela · Itonia · Ivela · Janseodes · Janthinea · Jodia · Juncaria · Kakopoda · Kenrickodes · Khadira · Kintana · Kodiosoma · Koraia · Kunupia · Kyneria · Lacipa · Lacydes · Lagoptera · Lamprotes · Lascoria · Lathosea · Latirostrum · Laugasa · Leiometopon · Leiorhynx · Leioselia · Leiostola · Leistera · Lemyra · Lephana · Lepidodelta · Lepidodes · Lepidopalpus · Lepista · Leptarctia · Leptepilepta · Lepteria · Leptotroga · Lerina · Letis · Leucanitis · Leucanopsis · Leucochlaena · Leucocnemis · Leucogonia · Leucogramma · Leucoma · Lexis · Lithomoia · Lithosia · Lobocheilos · Lophocampa · Lophocosma · Lophodelta · Lophomilia · Lophonotidia · Lophonotina · Lophopanilla · Lophophora · Lophoplusia · Lophoptera · Lophorache · Lophoruza · Lophoterges · Luceria · Lycaugesia · Lyclene · Lycomorpha · Lycomorphodes · Lygephila · Lymantriades · Lymire · Lyncestis · Lythrodes · Macapta · Macdunnoughia · Macrocneme · Madegalatha · Mafana · Maghadena · Malupa · Manbuta · Manga · Manulea · Marapana · Maraschia · Marathyssa · Marblepsis · Marcipa · Marcipalina · Marimatha · Marojala · Maronia · Maronis · Masalia · Massaga · Massala · Mastigophorus · Mastixis · Matarum · Matigramma · Matiloxis · Matopo · Maxera · Maxia · Mazuca · Mecistoptera · Mecodina · Mecodinops · Mecodopsis · Medlerana · Megaloctena · Meganephria · Megasema · Megistoclisma · Meizoglossa · Melagramma · Melanaema · Melanomma · Meleneta · Melipotis · Melisa · Mendozania · Menecina · Meranda · Meridyrias · Merolonche · Mesophalera · Metachrostis · Metalectra · Metallosia · Metatacha · Metaxyllia · Metopoceras · Metria · Micreremites · Micromorphe · Miltochrista · Mimanuga · Mimasura · Mimeusemia · Miniophyllodes · Minofala · Mixomelia · Mocis · Moma · Mosoda · Mosopia · Myonia · Naclia · Nacna · Nagia · Namanganum · Nanamonodes · Napata · Naranga · Narangodes · Narthecophora · Neachrostia · Nechesia · Neleucania · Nelphe · Neoarctia · Neochera · Neocleptria · Neocodia · Neocucullia · Neodrymonia · Neoerastria · Neogabara · Neogalea · Neogrotella · Neoherminia · Neolaphygma · Neolita · Neomanobia · Neomilichia · Neomonodes · Neopalthis · Neophaeus · Neopistria · Neoplynes · Neostichtis · Neostrotia · Neothyone · Neperigea · Nerea · Neritos · Nola · Notarctia · Nudaridia · Nudina · Numenes · Nyctycia · Ochrostigma · Ocneria · Ocnogyna · Odontelia · Odontestra · Odozana · Oederemia · Oenosandra · Oeonistis · Oglasa · Olivenebula · Olulis · Olulodes · Omphalagria · Omphalophana · Omphaloscelis · Onthyes · Opharus · Ophiuche · Ophiusa · Opigena · Oporophylla · Oraesia · Oricia · Orodemnias · Orodesma · Oroplexia · Orsa · Orthia · Orthogonia · Orthogrammica · Ortholeuca · Orthopha · Orvasca · Ostha · Othreis · Otroeda · Oxicesta · Oxidercia · Oxira · Oxycilla · Oxygonitis · Oxythaphora · Oxythres · Oxytrita · Oxytrypia · Pachnobia · Paectes · Pagara · Palaeagrotis · Palaeamathes · Palaeostauropus · Palasea · Panchrysia · Pandesma · Pangrapta · Pantana · Panthauma · Parachabora · Parachalciope · Paracullia · Paradiarsia · Paradrina · Paradrymonia · Parafodina · Paragabara · Paragona · Paralephana · Parallelia · Paranerice · Paraproctis · Pararcte · Pararctia · Parargidia · Pararothia · Parasemia · Parasiccia · Pardoxia · Pareuchaetes · Pareuxoa · Parexarnis · Parhypena · Pariambia · Parilyrgis · Parocneria · Paroligia · Paromphale · Paroruza · Parosmia · Parthenos · Parvaroa · Pechipogo · Pelamia · Peliala · Penicillaria · Penisa · Penthophera · Perasia · Perata · Percalpe · Perciana · Pericallia · Periconta · Pericyma · Perigrapha · Perissandria · Perophiusa · Persectania · Perynea · Peteroma · Petrowskya · Phaegorista · Phaeoblemma · Phaeolita · Phaeosoma · Phalaenoides · Phalaenostola · Phaloesia · Phanaspa · Pharga · Phasidia · Phasma · Pheosiopsis · Philometra · Phlogochroa · Phoebophilus · Phoenicoprocta · Photedes · Phragmatobia · Phuphena · Phycopterus · Pida · Pirga · Pirgula · Platarctia · Platyprepia · Plesiophysa · Poecilosoma · Poliopastea · Polymixis · Polyorycta · Polyphaenis · Porphyrinia · Porthesaroa · Powellinia · Praxis · Prionofrontia · Procrateria · Progonia · Prolophota · Prolymnia · Prometopus · Pronoctua · Prorachia · Proroblemma · Prorocopis · Proruaca · Prosoparia · Prospalta · Proteinania · Proteuxoa · Protexarnis · Prothrinax · Psalis · Pseudocharis · Pseudocopicucullia · Pseudogenusa · Pseudohemihyalea · Pseudoips · Pseudolabis · Pseudomicrodes · Pseudopanthea · Pseudophisma · Pseudosphex · Psilochira · Psilopleura · Psychophagus · Pteredoa · Pterocyclophora · Pteroodes · Pterostoma · Ptichodis · Ptilodon · Ptychoglene · Pygaera · Pygarctia · Pygoctenucha · Pyrois · Pyrrharctia · Pyrrhopteryx · Quadricalcarifera · Ragana · Raghuva · Rahona · Raparna · Raphiscopa · Recoropha · Redectis · Rejectaria · Remigia · Renia · Renodes · Reticulana · Rhabdatomis · Rhabdotina · Rhabinogana · Rhabinopteryx · Rhamnocampa · Rhangena · Rhanidophora · Rhapsa · Rhatta · Rhegmatophila · Rhesala · Rhesalides · Rhesalistis · Rhipha · Rhodina · Rhodogastria · Rhopalognatha · Rhosus · Rhynchina · Rhynchodia · Rhynchodontodes · Rhyncholita · Rhyparia · Rhyparioides · Rhypopteryx · Rhypotoses · Roeselia · Rosema · Rothia · Sagaropsis · Sajania · Saragossa · Sarsina · Scalmicauda · Scepsis · Schausia · Schausilla · Schiraces · Schistorhynx · Schoutenia · Sciatta · Sciomesa · Scolecocampa · Scoliacma · Scoliopteryx · Scopariopsis · Scopiblepta · Scopifera · Scopulomia · Scotocampa · Scotogramma · Scotostena · Scriptania · Scrobigera · Scutirodes · Scythocentropus · Scytognatha · Sedina · Seirarctia · Seirocastnia · Selambina · Selenisa · Senta · Sericia · Sermyla · Serrodes · Sesamia · Setema · Setina · Shaka · Shapis · Siccyna · Sidemia · Sigela · Silda · Simplicia · Sinarella · Sineugraphe · Singara · Sinocharis · Sitophora · Smicroloba · Smilepholcia · Smyra · Soloe · Soloella · Somalibrya · Somena · Sophta · Sorygaza · Sotigena · Spargaloma · Spatalia · Speia · Speocropia · Sphetta · Sphingomorpha · Sphrageidus · Sphragifera · Spilarctia · Spilobotys · Spilosoma · Spinipalpa · Spirama · Spiris · Spudaea · Squamipalpis · Staetherinia · Standfussiana · Stauropides · Stenoloba · Stenosomides · Stenostygia · Stenoxia · Stenozethes · Stictoptera · Stigmatophora · Stigmoplusia · Stilbia · Stilpnaroma · Stilpnotia · Stracena · Stracilla · Sugitania · Sundaroa · Synalissa · 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Veia · Vescisa · Vespola · Vestalis · Vestura · Victrix · Vietteania · Vietteria · Virbia · Virgo · Vohitra · Wilemanus · Xanthanomis · Xanthograpta · Xanthomantis · Xanthomera · Xanthostha · Xanthothrix · Xenophysa · Xenosoma · Xoria · Xylinissa · Xyliodes · Xylocampa · Xylomoia · Xylophylla · Xylopolia · Xylormisa · Yepcalphis · Yidalpta · Yigoga · Zavana · Zekelita · Zeuzera
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 11,875 species and subspecies in the Family Arctiidae.
Genera
Abablemma
Abacena
Ableptina
Ablita
Abolla
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Abriesa
Abseudrapa
Aburina
Abynotha
Acaenica
Acanthermia
Acanthodelta
Acantholeucania
Acantholipes
Acanthoprora
Acantuerta
Acerbia
Acerbia is a of moths in the Arctiidae family. [more]
Achaeops
Acharya
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[1] [more]
Acidaliodes
Acidon
Acidonistis
Acmana
Acolasis
Acontarache
Acopa
Acosmetia
Acrapex
Acrarmostis
Acremma
Acropserotarache
Acroria
Acroriodes
Acsala
Acsala is a genus of moth in the family . The genus consists of only one species, Acsala anomala, which can be found in Alaska. [more]
Actea
Actebia
Actinotia
Acygnatha
Acylita
Acyphas
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Adaphaenura
Adetoneura
Adisura
Adlullia
Adonisea
Adra
Adrapsa
Adrapsoides
Adris
Adyroma
Aedia
Aedia is a genus of . The placement in a subfamily is subject to controversy, with various authors placing the genus in Aediinae, Ophiderinae, Catocalinae or Acronictinae. [more]
Aegle
Aegleoides
Aegocera
Aemilia
Aemilia can indicate several people and places in Classical history: [more]
Aeologramma
Aethalina
Afotella
Afrenella
Africalpe
Afrida
Afroplitis
Afropteryx
Afropydna
Agaraea
Agaristodes
Aglaeomorpha
Aglaonice
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Aglossestra
Agoma
Agrapha
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[2] [more]
Agrotana
Agrotisia
Agylla
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[3] [more]
Akoniodes
Akonus
Alamis
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[4] [more]
Albarracina
Alelimma
Aleucanitis
Alexicles
Alexicles is a genus of moth in the family . [more]
Alina
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[5] [more]
Allata
Alloasteropetes
Allocosmia
Allodonta
Allophyes
Allotoma
Aloa
Alypophanes
Alysina
Amastus
Amastus is a genus of moth in the family . [more]
Amauridia
Amazonides
Ametropalpis
Amiana
Ammobiota
Ammoconia
Ammophanes
Ammopolia
Amolita
Amphekes
Amphidrina
Amphigonia
Amphilita
Amphiongia
Amphoraceras
Anachrostis
Anacronicta
Anadevidia
Analetia
Anamecia
Ananepa
Anaplusia
Anapoma
Anartodes
Anartomima
Anatatha
Anateinoma
Anathetis
Ancara
Andesia
Andicola
Andobana
Andrhippuris
Andrianam
Androlymnia
Anereuthina
Anereuthinula
Anexotamos
Angelus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[6] [more]
Angitia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Anigraea
Anisoneura
Anna
Anoba
Anomis
Anomophlebia
Anophiodes
Anoratha
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Anorena
Antachara
Antapistis
Antaplaga
Anthodes
Antiblemma
Anticarsia
Antimima
Antimima is a genus of in family Aizoaceae. [more]
Antiophlebia
Antitype
Typology in and Biblical exegesis is a doctrine or theory concerning the relationship between the Old and New Testaments. Events in the Old Testament or Hebrew bible are seen as pre-figuring events or aspects of Christ in the New Testament, and, in the fullest version of the theory, that is seen as the purpose behind the Old Testament events occurring. The theory began in the Early Church, was at its most influential in the High Middle Ages, and continued to be popular, especially in Calvinism, after the Protestant Reformation, but in subsequent periods has been given less emphasis. [more]
Antivaleria
Antoculeora
Anua
Anuga
Anugana
Anumeta
Anycteola
Anydrophila
Apaegocera
Apantesis
Apantesis is a genus of moth in the family . It contains the following species: [more]
Apaustis
Apeplopoda
Apeplopoda is a genus of moth in the family . [more]
Aphorisma
Apocalymnia
Apocrisias
Apocrisias is a genus of moth in the family . [more]
Apopestes
Aporophoba
Aporophyla
Apospasta
Apostema
Apoxestia
Appana
Apustis
Apyre
Apyre is a genus of moth in the family . [more]
Arabriga
Arachnis
Arachnis is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae, subfamily Arctiinae. [more]
Araeognatha
Araeopterella
Arboricornus
Arbostola
Arcte
Arctia
Arctia is a of moth in the family Arctiidae. [more]
Arctinia
Arctornis
Arenarba
Arenostola
Arge
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[7] [more]
Argidia
Argillana
Argillophora
Argina
Argina is a genus of moth in the family . [more]
Argyphia
Argyrana
Argyrargenta
Argyrhoda
Argyrolepidia
Argyrostagma
Argyrosticta
Argyrostrotis
Ariathisa
Ariphrades
Aristaria
Armada
Arna
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[8] [more]
Aroa
Arpia
Arrade
Arrothia
Arsaciodes
Artaxa
Artena
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Artigisa
Artimelia
Arugisa
Aruta
Arytrurides
Arzama
Ascalapha
Asiccia
Asingana
Asota
Aspidhampsonia
Aspidifrontia
Aspila
Asplenia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Asteroscopus
Asticta
Atethmia
Athaumasta
Athyrma
Atlantagrotis
Atlantarctia
Atopomorpha
Atrachea
Attatha
Attonda
Aucha
Auchmis
Aucula
Audea
Aulotarache
Australothis
Authadistis
Autoba
Autophila
Autoplusia
Avatha
Aventiola
Avitta
Axiocteta
Axylia
Azazia
Azeta
Balbura
Balbura is a of moths in the Arctiidae family. [more]
Bambusiphila
Bamra
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Baniana
Baorisa
Baputa
Barcita
Bathytricha
Batuana
Beara
Beeria
Beihania
Belciana
Bematha
Bembina
Bendis
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Bendisodes
Bendisopis
Bergeria
Bergeria is a genus of moth in the family . [more]
Berioana
Bertholdia
Bertholdia is a of moths in the Arctiidae family. [more]
Bertula
Birnara
Biturix
Biturix is a genus of moth in the family . [more]
Bityla
Blasticorhinus
Blazia
Blepharita
Blepharosis
Bleptina
Bleptinodes
Bleptiphora
Bocana
Bocula
Bomolocha
Bonaberiana
Borbotana
Borearctia
Borearctia is a of moth in the Arctiidae family. [more]
Borolia
Borsania
Boryza
Bostrodes
Bostrycharia
Bouda
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Boursinidia
Bracharoa
Brachionycha
Brachygalea
Brachyherca
Brachymastix
Brachyona
Brachyxanthia
Bradunia
Brana
Britha
Brithodes
Brithys
Brithysana
Brontypena
Bruceia
Bruceia is a of moths in the family Arctiidae. [more]
Bryocodia
Bryogramma
Bryograpta
Bryomima
Bryomoia
Bryonycta
Bryophilina
Bryopolia
Bulia
Burgena
Busseola
Butleronea
Buzara
Cabralia
Cacofota
Cadiorapa
Cadorela
Cadurca
Caelicola
Caenurgia
Caenurgina
Caffristis
Calamia
Calesia
Calesidesma
Calidota
Callegaria
Callhyccoda
Callimorpha
Calliodes
Callipyris
Callistege
Calliteara
Callixena
Calloruza
Callostrotia
Callyna
Calocea
Calocucullia
Calophasidia
Calopteron
Calpoparia
Calydia
Calymma
Calyptra
(Gr. kalyptra: cover) A layer of cells that covers the developing sporophyte of mosses, liverworts, clubmosses, horsetails, and ferns. In mosses it forms a hood over the capsule and in liverworts it forms a sheath at the base of the capsule stalk. In mosses, a cap-like structure covering or partly covering the capsule and derived from the neck of the archegonium; a membranous covering of haploid tissue over the developing sporophyte, derived largely from the archegonial venter; the venter generally ruptures near the base (see epigonium), is carried upward by elongation of the seta, and frequently expands to form a protective covering over the capsule. In liverworts the structure is strictly an epigonium that generally ruptures near the apex and remains at the base of the seta, see vaginula. In a flower, a cap covering the stamens and carpels in the bud and formed by fusion or cohesion of perianth parts.[9] [more]
Camphypena
Camptocrossa
Camptoloma
Campydelta
Canararctia
Canatha
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Canthylidia
Capelica
Caphornia
Capnistis
Car
Caragolina
Carales
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[10] [more]
Caranusca
Carbona
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Carcharoda
Cardepia
Cardiestra
Cardiosace
Carlotta
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[11] [more]
Carmara
Caroga
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Carpheria
Carpholithia
Carriola
Carsina
Carteris
Caryonopera
Casama
Casandria
Casperia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Catada
Catadelpha
Catadelta
Catadoides
Catalana
Cataloxia
Catamecia
Catamelas
Catasema
Catephia
Catephiodes
Catephiona
Catoblemma
Catocala
Catocala is a genus of noctuid moths commonly known as Underwings. (A few closely related genera are sometimes called Underwings as well, but usually the term is synonymous with this genus.) Most species have brightly colored underwings, orange, red, or white. The genus name is a combination of two Greek words, kato behind, and kalos beautiful. The bright hindwings are not visible at rest, being hidden by the dull forewings, but they help the moth avoid predators such as if they are disturbed during the day (Stevens 2005). The genus occurs in Eurasia and North America. Due to their variety of colors and species diversity, Underwings are popular with collectors of lepidoptera. Larvae (caterpillars) of most species feed on the foliage of trees and shrubs. [more]
Caularis
Cautaeschra
Cautatha
Caviria
Cecharismena
Ceilodiastrophon
Celia
Celiptera
Centrarthra
Cerapteryx
Ceraptila
Cerocala
Ceroctena
Ceromacra
Cerynea
Cetola
Chabuata
Chaetostephana
Chalciope
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Chalcoecia
Chamyla
Chamyna
Chamyris
Chasmina
Chasminodes
Chelis
Chelonomorpha
Chersotis
Chilodes
Chionarctia
Chlumetia
Choerotricha
Chopardiana
Chrysocyma
Chrysograpta
Chrysonicara
Chrysorithrum
Chusaris
Cidariplura
Cifuna
Cirrodes
Cirrodiana
Cirrodistis
Cispia
Cisseps
Cisthene
Claterna
Clavipalpa
Clavipalpula
Clemensia
Cleonymia
Clethrogyna
Closteromorpha
Clymene
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[12] [more]
Cnethodonta
Coarica
Coelophoris
Coeriana
Cola
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Comachara
Composia
Conigephyra
Coniortodes
Conisania
Conistra
Cophanta
Copitarsia
Corgatha
Corgathalia
Correbia
Corsa
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[13] [more]
Corynitis
Coscinia
Cosmosoma
Cozola
Crambidia
Crambopsis
Crameria
Craniophora
Creatonotus
Crenularia
Crithote
Cropera
Cropia
Crorema
Croremopsis
Cruria
Cryphioides
Cryphiomima
Crypsiprora
Ctenucha
Ctenusa
Culicula
Cultripalpa
Cyana
Cyclopteryx
Cycnia
Cyligramma
Cymatophoropsis
Dahana
Damias
Daplasa
Daseochaeta
Dasorgyia
Dasychiroides
Dasychoproctis
Dasygaster
Dasypolia
Dendrophleps
Depalpata
Dermaleipa
Deserta
Desmoloma
Diacrisia
Diadochia
Diagrapta
Dialithis
Diascia
Dichonia
Dichoniopsis
Dichromia
Dicycla
Dida
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[14] [more]
Didasys
Dierna
Diloba
Dimerota
Dimorphinoctua
Dinia
Dinoprora
Dinumma
Diomea
Diopa
Diparopsis
Diphthera
Diphtherocome
Diplodira
Diplonephra
Diplothecta
Dipterygina
Dischalis
Discophlebia
Discosema
Disoidemata
Disphragis
Disticta
Ditrogoptera
Divaena
Dodia
Doerriesa
Dolichoscyta
Dolichosomastis
Donacesa
Donuca
Dordura
Dorika
Dorstiana
Doryodes
Drasteriodes
Draudtia
Drepanofoda
Drepanoperas
Drepanophiletis
Drobeta
Drymonia
Dryobota
Dryobotodes
Dudusa
Dunira
Dura
Dusponera
Dyasma
Dymba
Dyomyx
Dyops
Dyrzela
Dysauxes
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Dysglyptogona
Dysgnathia
Dysgonia
Dysmilichia
Dyspyralis
Dysschema
Eala
Earias
Eccrita
Echanella
Echo
In acoustics, a signal which has been reflected or otherwise returned with sufficient magnitude and time delay to be detected as a signal distinct from that directly transmitted.[15] [more]
Ecpantheria
Hypercompe is a of moths of the family Arctiidae. There are over 80 species found throughout the Americas. Several species were formerly separated in Ecpantheria which is now regarded as a junior synonym. They are typically large moths with white forewings heavily spotted with black, and brightly-colored abdomens which are exposed when the moth is threatened. This is a form of aposematism; they produce copious amounts of foul-smelling defensive chemicals, which they ooze from special points of weakness on the thorax, to discourage would-be predators without having to be eaten.[citation needed] [more]
Ecthymia
Ectochela
Ectogonia
Ectogoniella
Ectolopha
Ectopatria
Ectypia
Edessena
Edmondsia
Effractilis
Egle
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[16] [more]
Egnasia
Egnasides
Egone
Egryrlon
Egybolis
Eicomorpha
Eilema
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[17] [more]
Elaemima
Elaeodopsis
Eligma
Eloria
Elousa
Elusa
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Elygea
Elysius
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Emboloecia
Empyreuma
Enea
Engelhardtia
Engelhardia is a of seven species of trees in the family Juglandaceae, native to southeast Asia from northern India east to Taiwan, Indonesia and the Philippines. The genus name is commonly misspelled "Engelhardtia", a "correction" made by the original author Blume in 1829 and persistent until today as it was thus entered in the Index Kewensis; the original spelling is Engelhardia. [more]
Eospilarctia
Epatolmis
Epharmottomena
Ephesia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Epiconcana
Epicyrtica
Epidemas
Epidromia
Epilecta
Epipsilia
Episcepsis
Epischausia
Episema
Episparina
Episparis
Episparonia
Episteme
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Epitausa
Epithisanotia
Epizeuxis
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Eragisa
Erastrifacies
Erastriopis
Erastroides
Ercheia
Erebophasma
Erebostrota
Erebus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[18] [more]
Eremobia
Eremochlaena
Eremopola
Ericeia
Eriopyga
Eriopygodes
Erioscele
Erocha
Erythrophaia
Estigmene
Estimata
Ethiopica
Ethioterpia
Etobema
Euamiana
Eublarginea
Eublemma
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[19] [more]
Eublemmistis
Eublemmoides
Eucarta
Eucereon
Euchaetes
Euchalcia
Eucharia
Euclidia
Euclystis
Eucropia
Eudesmia
Eudocima
Eudrapa
Euerythra
Eugatha
Eugnathia
Euhampsonia
Eulepidotis
Eulocastra
Eumichtis
Eunomia
Euplagia
Euprepia
Euproctidion
Eupseudosoma
Eupseudosoma is a of moths of the Arctiidae family. The best known and most widespread species is Eupseudosoma involutum, the Snowy Eupseudosoma, a bright white moth which is found from the southern United States right down to the south of South America. There are a few other species found across the Americas. [more]
Eurata
Eurodes
Euromoia
Eustrotia
Eutelia
Exsula
Farara
Felinia
Feliniopsis
Fentonia
Feredayia
Ferenta
Fishia
Flammona
Fleta
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Focillistis
Focillodes
Forsebia
Fota
FOTA as an acronym, could mean one of the following:
[more]
Fracara
Freilla
Fruva
Fulvarba
Gabara
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Gabyna
Gaedonea
Galanda
Galeana
Galeana is a last name. Several municipalities in Mexico are named Galeana as a homage to Hermenegildo Galeana, a 19th century Mexican liberal. [more]
Gardinia
Gaurenopsis
Gelastocera
Gelenipsa
Gerarctia
Gerbathodes
Geria
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[20] [more]
Geroda
Geroda is a in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany. [more]
Gerra
Gesonia
Ghoria
Gigides
Giria
Giubicolanta
Gizama
Glaucicodia
Glenopteris
Gloanna
Globosusa
Glympis
Gnamptogyia
Gnamptonychia
Gnamptonyx
Gnathogonia
Gnophaela
Goenycta
Gondysia
Goniocarsia
Goniocraspidum
Goniohelia
Goniophila
Goniosema
Gonoclostera
Gracilopsis
Grammia
Grammoa
Graphania
Gynaephora
Hadennia
Haematomis
Hagapteryx
Halisidota
Halysidota
Haploa
Haploa is a genus of moths. Larvae of these species are generally polyphagous, developing on hostplants such as Populus, Salix, Prunus, and Rubus. [more]
Harita
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Harpyia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Harrisina
Hecatesia
Hectobrocha
Hedymiges
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa is a genus of in the Noctuidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Hemerophanes
Hemihyalea
Heraclia
Heracula
Heraema
Herbertina
Herminia
Hermonassa
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Herpoperasa
Hespagarista
Heterogramma
Heterographa
Heteronygmia
Heterotropa
Himeropteryx
Holoarctia
Holomelina
Homaea
Homodes
Hoplodrina
Horama
Hupodonta
Hyaleucerea
Hydrillodes
Hypenodes
Hypenomorpha
Hypercompe
Hypercompe is a of moths of the family Arctiidae. There are over 80 species found throughout the Americas. Several species were formerly separated in Ecpantheria which is now regarded as a junior synonym. They are typically large moths with white forewings heavily spotted with black, and brightly-colored abdomens which are exposed when the moth is threatened. This is a form of aposematism; they produce copious amounts of foul-smelling defensive chemicals, which they ooze from special points of weakness on the thorax, to discourage would-be predators without having to be eaten.[citation needed] [more]
Hypersypnoides
Hyphanria
Hyphantria
Hypocrisias
Hypogrammodes
Hyponeuma
Hypoprepia
Hyposada
Hypospila
Idalus
Ilattia
Ilema
Ilsea
Ilyrgis
Inopsis
Iranada
Iscadia
Ischyja
Isia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[21] [more]
Isochlora
Isogona
Isoura
Itmaharela
Itonia
Ivela
Janseodes
Janthinea
Jodia
Juncaria
Kakopoda
Kenrickodes
Khadira
Kintana
Kodiosoma
Koraia
Kunupia
Kyneria
Lacipa
Lacydes
Lagoptera
Lamprotes
Lascoria
Lathosea
Latirostrum
Laugasa
Leiometopon
Leiorhynx
Leioselia
Leiostola
Leistera
Lemyra
Lephana
Lepidodelta
Lepidodes
Lepidopalpus
Lepista
Lepista is a genus of mushrooms, formerly grouped in the large genus and more recently found to be closely related to (and possibly within) Clitocybe. However, Clitocybe itself appears polyphyletic and may have to be split. [more]
Leptarctia
Leptepilepta
Lepteria
Leptotroga
Lerina
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[22] [more]
Letis
Leucanitis
Leucanopsis
Leucochlaena
Leucocnemis
Leucogonia
Leucogramma
Leucoma
Lexis
Lithomoia
Lithosia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[23] [more]
Lobocheilos
Lophocampa
Lophocosma
Lophodelta
Lophomilia
Lophonotidia
Lophonotina
Lophopanilla
Lophophora
Lophophora (, 1894) is a genus of spineless, button-like cacti native to the southwestern United States (Texas and New Mexico) through Northeast Mexico and South to Querétaro. [more]
Lophoplusia
Lophoptera
Lophorache
Lophoruza
Lophoterges
Luceria
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Lycaugesia
Lyclene
Lycomorpha
Lycomorphodes
Lygephila
Lymantriades
Lymire
Lyncestis
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Lythrodes
Macapta
Macdunnoughia
Macrocneme
Madegalatha
Mafana
Maghadena
Malupa
Manbuta
Manga
Manga (English: ) consist of comics and print cartoons (sometimes also called komikku ????), in the Japanese language and conforming to the style developed in Japan in the late 20th century. In their modern form, manga date from shortly after World War II, but they have a long, complex pre-history in earlier Japanese art. [more]
Manulea
Marapana
Maraschia
Marathyssa
Marblepsis
Marcipa
Marcipalina
Marimatha
Marojala
Maronia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Maronis
Masalia
Massaga
Massala
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Mastigophorus
Mastixis
Matarum
Matigramma
Matiloxis
Matopo
Maxera
Maxia
Mazuca
Mecistoptera
Mecodina
Mecodinops
Mecodopsis
Medlerana
Megaloctena
Meganephria
Megasema
Megistoclisma
Meizoglossa
Melagramma
Melanaema
Melanomma
Meleneta
Melipotis
Melisa
Mendozania
Menecina
Meranda
Meridyrias
Merolonche
Mesophalera
Metachrostis
Metalectra
Metallosia
Metatacha
Metaxyllia
Metopoceras
Metria
Micreremites
Micromorphe
Miltochrista
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Mimanuga
Mimasura
Mimeusemia
Miniophyllodes
Minofala
Mixomelia
Mocis
Moma
Moma could refer to: [more]
Mosoda
Mosopia
Myonia
Naclia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Nacna
Nagia
Namanganum
Nanamonodes
Napata
Naranga
Narangodes
Narthecophora
Neachrostia
Nechesia
Neleucania
Nelphe
Neoarctia
Neochera
Neocleptria
Neocodia
Neocucullia
Neodrymonia
Neoerastria
Neogabara
Neogalea
Neogrotella
Neoherminia
Neolaphygma
Neolita
Neomanobia
Neomilichia
Neomonodes
Neopalthis
Neophaeus
Neopistria
Neoplynes
Neostichtis
Neostrotia
Neothyone
Neperigea
Nerea
Neritos
Nola
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[24] [more]
Notarctia
Nudaridia
Nudina
Numenes
Nyctycia
Ochrostigma
Ocneria
Ocnogyna
Odontelia
Odontestra
Odozana
Oederemia
Oenosandra
Oeonistis
Oglasa
Olivenebula
Olulis
Olulodes
Omphalagria
Omphalophana
Omphaloscelis
Onthyes
Opharus
Ophiuche
Ophiusa
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[25] [more]
Opigena
Oporophylla
Oraesia
Oricia
Oricia is a genus of in family Rutaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Orodemnias
Orodesma
Oroplexia
Orsa
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[26] [more]
Orthia
Orthogonia
Orthogrammica
Ortholeuca
Orthopha
Orvasca
Ostha
Othreis
Otroeda
Oxicesta
Oxidercia
Oxira
Oxycilla
Oxygonitis
Oxythaphora
Oxythres
Oxytrita
Oxytrypia
Pachnobia
Paectes
Pagara
Palaeagrotis
Palaeamathes
Palaeostauropus
Palasea
Panchrysia
Pandesma
Pangrapta
Pantana
Panthauma
Parachabora
Parachalciope
Paracullia
Paradiarsia
Paradrina
Paradrymonia
Paradrymonia is a genus of in family Gesneriaceae. It contains the following species (among 40+ species): [more]
Parafodina
Paragabara
Paragona
Paralephana
Parallelia
Paranerice
Paraproctis
Pararcte
Pararctia
Parargidia
Pararothia
Parasemia
Parasiccia
Pardoxia
Pareuchaetes
Pareuxoa
Parexarnis
Parhypena
Pariambia
Parilyrgis
Parocneria
Paroligia
Paromphale
Paroruza
Parosmia
Parosmia is a distorted sense of , often resulting in phantom, non-existent, and mostly unpleasant, smells. [more]
Parthenos
The clipper butterflies (Parthenos) are a of butterflies. It includes the species Parthenos sylvia. [more]
Parvaroa
Pechipogo
Pelamia
Peliala
Penicillaria
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Penisa
Penthophera
Perasia
Perata
Percalpe
Perciana
Pericallia
Periconta
Pericyma
Perigrapha
Perissandria
Perophiusa
Persectania
Perynea
Peteroma
Petrowskya
Phaegorista
Phaeoblemma
Phaeolita
Phaeosoma
Phalaenoides
Phalaenostola
Phaloesia
Phanaspa
Pharga
Phasidia
Phasma
Pheosiopsis
Philometra
Phlogochroa
Phoebophilus
Phoenicoprocta
Photedes
Phragmatobia
Phuphena
Phycopterus
Pida
Pirga
Pirgula
Platarctia
Platyprepia
Plesiophysa
Poecilosoma
Poliopastea
Polymixis
Polyorycta
Polyphaenis
Porphyrinia
Porthesaroa
Powellinia
Praxis
Prionofrontia
Procrateria
Progonia
Prolophota
Prolymnia
Prometopus
Pronoctua
Prorachia
Proroblemma
Prorocopis
Proruaca
Prosoparia
Prospalta
Proteinania
Proteuxoa
Protexarnis
Prothrinax
Psalis
Pseudocharis
Pseudocopicucullia
Pseudogenusa
Pseudohemihyalea
Pseudoips
Pseudolabis
Pseudomicrodes
Pseudopanthea
Pseudophisma
Pseudosphex
Psilochira
Psilopleura
Psychophagus
Pteredoa
Pterocyclophora
Pteroodes
Pterostoma
Ptichodis
Ptilodon
Ptychoglene
Pygaera
Pygarctia
Pygoctenucha
Pyrois
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Pyrrharctia
Pyrrhopteryx
Quadricalcarifera
Ragana
Raghuva
Rahona
Lymantriidae or Liparidaeverification needed] is a family of moths with about 350 known genera and over 2,500 known species found all over the world, in every continent except Antarctica. They are particularly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa, India, Southeast Asia and South America; one estimate lists 258 species in Madagascar alone (Schaefer, 1989). Apart from oceanic islands, notable places that do not host Lymantriids include New Zealand, the Antilles, and New Caledonia (Schaefer , 1989). [more]
Raparna
Raphiscopa
Recoropha
Redectis
Rejectaria
Remigia
Renia
Renodes
Reticulana
Rhabdatomis
Rhabdotina
Rhabinogana
Rhabinopteryx
Rhamnocampa
Rhangena
Rhanidophora
Rhapsa
Rhatta
Rhegmatophila
Rhesala
Rhesalides
Rhesalistis
Rhipha
Rhodina
Rhodogastria
Rhopalognatha
Rhosus
Rhynchina
Rhynchodia
Rhynchodontodes
Rhyncholita
Rhyparia
Rhyparioides
Rhypopteryx
Rhypotoses
Roeselia
Rosema
Rothia
Sagaropsis
Sajania
Saragossa
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Sarsina
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Scalmicauda
Scepsis
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[27] [more]
Schausia
Schausilla
Schiraces
Schistorhynx
Schoutenia
Schoutenia is a genus. Traditionally included in the family Tiliaceae, it is included in the expanded Malvaceae in the APG and most subsequent systematics. [more]
Sciatta
Sciomesa
Scolecocampa
Scoliacma
Scoliopteryx
Scopariopsis
Scopiblepta
Scopifera
Scopulomia
Scotocampa
Scotogramma
Scotostena
Scriptania
Scrobigera
Scutirodes
Scythocentropus
Scytognatha
Sedina
Seirarctia
Seirocastnia
Selambina
Selenisa
Senta
Sericia
Sermyla
Serrodes
Sesamia
Setema
Setina
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Shaka
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[28] [more]
Shapis
Siccyna
Sidemia
Sigela
Silda
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Simplicia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Sinarella
Sineugraphe
Singara
Sinocharis
Sitophora
Smicroloba
Smilepholcia
Smyra
Soloe
Soloella
Somalibrya
Somena
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Sophta
Sorygaza
Sotigena
Spargaloma
Spatalia
Speia
Speocropia
Sphetta
Sphingomorpha
Sphrageidus
Sphragifera
Spilarctia
Spilobotys
Spilosoma
Spinipalpa
Spirama
Spiris
Spudaea
Squamipalpis
Staetherinia
Standfussiana
Stauropides
Stenoloba
Stenosomides
Stenostygia
Stenoxia
Stenozethes
Stictoptera
Stigmatophora
Stigmoplusia
Stilbia
Stilpnaroma
Stilpnotia
Stracena
Stracilla
Sugitania
Sundaroa
Synalissa
Synogdoa
Syntomeida
Syntomis
Sypnoides
Systremma
Tambana
Tarsolepis
Teinoptera
Telochurus
Termessa
Terphothrix
Tessella
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[29] [more]
Tetracme
Herbs annual, canescent. Trichomes stalked, stellate or dendritic, rarely mixed with fewer, simple or forked, subsetose ones. Stems often several branched basally. Basal leaves petiolate, not rosulate, simple, entire, sinuate-dentate, or pinnatipartite. Cauline leaves similar to basal. Racemes ebracteate, corymbose, elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels slender or thickened and nearly as wide as fruit base, erect or ascending. Sepals ovate, ascending, base of lateral pair not saccate, margin membranous. Petals white, subequaling or much longer than sepals; blade obovate, spatulate, or oblanceolate, apex obtuse; claw distinct or undifferentiated from blade. Stamens 6, slightly tetradynamous; filaments dilated at base; anthers ovate, apiculate at apex. Nectar glands 4, lateral, 1 on each side of lateral filament; median glands absent. Ovules 2-14 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques or indehiscent silicles, linear, oblong, or ovoid, strongly latiseptate, terete, or 4-angled, sessile; valves obscurely veined, tomentose, smooth or torulose, subapically 4-horned; replum flattened; septum complete, membranous; style absent, obsolete, or distinct; stigma capitate, entire. Seeds uniseriate, wingless, oblong, plump; seed coat smooth, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons incumbent.[30] [more]
Teulisna
Thagona
Thalatha
Thallarcha
Thambeta
Thanatarctia
Theriophila
Throana
Thumata
Thursania
Thyana
Thyas
Thyriodes
Thyrostipa
Thysanoplusia
Tibiocillaria
Tipasa
Tipasodes
Tipra
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Tiracola
Tolna
Tolnaodes
Tolpia
Tolpiodes
Toxonprucha
Toxoproctis
Trachea
Trachea is a common term for an airway through which respiratory air transport takes place in organisms. [more]
Tracheplexia
Trachysmatis
Tranoses
Trapezoptera
Trauaxa
Trichanarta
Trichestra
Tricheurois
Trichopolia
Trichoptya
Trichoridia
Trichosea
Trichosilia
Trichromia
Tricraterifrontia
Tridentifrons
Trigonistis
Trigonodes
Trigonophora
Tringilburra
Triphaenopsis
Tripseuxoa
Trisulipsa
Trisuloides
Turlina
Turuptiana
Tyria
Uollega
Upothenia
Uripao
Urocoma
Urodonta
Ursogastra
Usimbara
Utetheisa
Utetheisa is a of arctiid moths. Caterpillars feed on Crotalaria (rattlebox), and hence the moth genus is often called rattlebox moths. Species of this Utetheisa are usually bright and colorful. [more]
Utethesia
Valeria
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[31] [more]
Valerietta
Valeriodes
Vapara
Varicosia
Varmina
Veia
Vescisa
Vespola
Vestalis
Vestura
Victrix
Vietteania
Vietteria
Virbia
Virgo
Vohitra
Wilemanus
Xanthanomis
Xanthograpta
Xanthomantis
Xanthomera
Xanthostha
Xanthothrix
Xenophysa
Xenosoma
Xoria
Xylinissa
Xyliodes
Xylocampa
Xylomoia
Xylophylla
Phyllanthus is the largest in the family Phyllanthaceae. Estimates of the number species in this genus vary widely, from 750 to 1200. Phyllanthus has a remarkable diversity of growth forms including annual and perennial herbs, shrubs, climbers, floating aquatics, and pachycaulous succulents. Some have flattened leaflike stems called cladodes. It has a wide variety of floral morphologies and chromosome numbers and has one of the widest range of pollen types of any seed plant genus. [more]
Xylopolia
Xylormisa
Yepcalphis
Yidalpta
Yigoga
Zavana
Zekelita
Zeuzera
At least 68 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Zeuzera.
More info about the Genus Zeuzera may be found here.
References
- Bates DL, Fenton MB (1990) Aposematism or startle? Predators learn their responses to the defenses of prey. Can J Zool 68:49–52
- Dunning DC, Krüger M (1995) Aposematic sounds in African moths. Biotropica 27:227–231
- Dunning DC, Roeder KD (1965) Moth sounds and the insect-catching behavior of bats. Science 147:173–174
- Dunning DC, Acharya L, Merriman CB, Ferro LD (1992) Interactions between bats and arctiid moths. Can J Zool 70:2218–2223
- Fullard JH, Fenton MB, Simmons JA (1979) Jamming bat echolocation: the clicks of arctiid moths. Can J Zool 57:647–649
- Fullard JH, Simmons JA, Sailant PA (1994) Jamming bat echolocation: the dogbane tiger moth Cycnia tenera times its clicks to the terminal attack calls of the big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus. J Exp Biol 194:285–298
- Hristov NI, Conner WE (2005) Sound strategy: acoustic aposematism in the bat–tiger moth arms race. Naturwissenschaften 92:164–169. DOI:10.1007/ s00114-005-0611-7
- Layne JR, Kuharsky DK (2000) Triggering of cryoprotectant synthesis in the woolly bear caterpillar (Pyrrharctia isabella Lepidoptera : Arctiidae). J Exper Zool 286 (4): 367-371
- Scoble, MJ. (1995) The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity. Second ed. Oxford University Press.
- Simmons RB, Conner WE (1996) Ultrasonic signals in the defense and courtship of Euchaetes egle Drury and E. bolteri Stretch (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). J Ins Behav 9 (6): 909-919
- Simmons RB, Weller SE (2002) What kind of signals do mimetic tiger moths send? A phylogenetic test of wasp mimicry systems (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Euchromiini). Proc Roy Soc Lond B 269: 983–990
- Wagner, DL, (2005) Caterpillars of Eastern North America. Princeton University Press.
- Weller SJ, Jacobsen NL, Conner WE (1999) The evolution of chemical defenses and mating systems in tiger moths (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Biol J Linn Soc 68 :557–578.
Footnotes
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Acharya&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Agrapha&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Agylla&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Alamis&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Alina&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Angelus&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Arge&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Arna&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Calyptra&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Carales&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Carlotta&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Clymene&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Corsa&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Dida&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Echo&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Egle&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Eilema&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Erebus&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Eublemma&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Geria&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Isia&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Lerina&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Lithosia&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Nola&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Ophiusa&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Orsa&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Scepsis&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Shaka&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Tessella&search=Search
- Tai-yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan Al-Shehbaz & Vladimir Dorofeev "Tetracme". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 144. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Valeria&search=Search
Sources
- The text on this page is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It includes material from Wikipedia retrieved Thursday, August 13, 2009.
- The distribution map on the Distribution tab comes from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and is used with permission.
- Photographs on this page are copyrighted by individual photographers, and individual copyrights apply.
- The GMapImageCutter is used under license from the UCL Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis.
- The technology underlying this page, including the Image Browser and controls behind Keep Exploring, is owned by the BayScience Foundation. All rights are reserved.
