Phytophthora cinnamomi (Littleleaf Disease, Phytophthora Root Rot)
Overview:
Macro-fungus. P. cinnamomi is a root fungus that causes serious disease and death of a very wide variety of plant species. It thrives in moist conditions and feeds on the roots and basal stem tissue of living plants. It weakens or kills the plants by hindering the movement of water and nutrients within the plant.
Conservation Status
Population Trend:
Growing
Taxonomy
Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
Kingdom: Chromista
T. Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Chromists
Subkingdom: Chromobiota
Cavalier-Smith, 1991
Infrakingdom: Heterokonta
(Cavalier-Smith, 1986) Cavalier-Smith, 1995 - Heterokonts
Notes:
Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Kirk P.M., 14-Sep-2005
Physical Description
Images:
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 181115
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: John H. Ghent Copyright: © John H. Ghent Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 242342
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Soil and water Photographer: USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives Copyright: © USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 242141
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi typical soil profile of susceptible site Photographer: USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives Location Taken: United States Copyright: © USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 188378
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Roots of infected nursery seedlings. Note the lack of short lateral roots and presence of black, necrotic and sloughing cortical tissues. Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 155937
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 181077
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Distribution Photographer: USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives Copyright: © USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 242143
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Joseph O`Brien Copyright: © Joseph O`Brien Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 244026
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Resin caked roots of infected seedlings in the field. Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 155933
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 244509
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives Location Taken: United States Copyright: © USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 188382
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi 13-year old trees: Fading tree (left), dead tree (center), healthy treee (right). Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 155927
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Healthy (left) diseased (right) Photographer: USDA Forest Service - Rocky Mountain Region Archives Location Taken: United States Copyright: © USDA Forest Service - Rocky Mountain Region Archives. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 168123
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 181124
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi injury to young tree Photographer: John H. Ghent Location Taken: United States Copyright: © John H. Ghent. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 188772
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: USDA Forest Service Archives Copyright: © USDA Forest Service Archives Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 245996
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Healthy tree (left), infected tree (right). Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 155929
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 244512
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Joseph O`Brien Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Joseph O`Brien. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 153962
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 244511
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Distribution Photographer: USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives Location Taken: United States Copyright: © USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 188381
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Joseph O`Brien Copyright: © Joseph O`Brien Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 244028
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Resin-soaked tap root of seedling infected during its first year in the field. Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 155932
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 244508
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: David J. Moorhead Copyright: © David J. Moorhead Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 246174
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi stand break up due to disease Photographer: USDA Forest Service - Rocky Mountain Region Archives Location Taken: United States Copyright: © USDA Forest Service - Rocky Mountain Region Archives. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 168122
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 244517
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 244513
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi fading crowns, numerous cones, and short stunted needles and twigs Photographer: USDA Forest Service Archives Location Taken: United States Copyright: © USDA Forest Service Archives. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 157933
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 181076
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 181186
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Resin soaked tissue. Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 155926
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi symptoms on shortleaf pine Photographer: Robert L. Anderson Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Robert L. Anderson. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 188977
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Joseph O`Brien Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Joseph O`Brien. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 153963
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Yellowing foliage of infected tree. Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 155928
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi typical soil profile of susceptible site Photographer: USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives Location Taken: United States Copyright: © USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 188379
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: David J. Moorhead Copyright: © David J. Moorhead Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 246173
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Management Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 244514
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi dead seedling. Union County, North Carolina Photographer: David J. Moorhead Location Taken: United States Copyright: © David J. Moorhead. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 158199
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Mortality of 2-0 bareroot stock in Munson Forest Nursery, Florida, USA. Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 155930
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Mortality of 2-0 stock in Munson Forest Nursery, Florida, USA Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 155934
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives Copyright: © USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 242142
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives Copyright: © USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 242144
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 244515
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi root decay (bark intact)- base of stem. Union County, North Carolina Photographer: David J. Moorhead Location Taken: United States Copyright: © David J. Moorhead. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 158200
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 244516
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi root decay (bark removed) at base of stem. Union County, North Carolina Photographer: David J. Moorhead Location Taken: United States Copyright: © David J. Moorhead. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 158201
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Poor seed bed drainage can increase infection risk. Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 155935
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Joseph O`Brien Copyright: © Joseph O`Brien Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 244027
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 244510
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 181116
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives Location Taken: United States Copyright: © USDA Forest Service - Pineville Archives. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 188380
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 168417
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Mortality in 13-year old stand. Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 155913
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: David J. Moorhead Copyright: © David J. Moorhead Permissions for Use: see here . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 246172
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Mortality in four year old plantation. Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 155936
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Mortality in 4-year old stand Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 155912
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 181123
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Joseph O`Brien Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Joseph O`Brien. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 153964
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Symptoms Photographer: Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 181187
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora cinnamomi Mortality of first-year seedlings in Munson Forest Nursery, Florida, USA Photographer: Edward L. Barnard Location Taken: United States Copyright: © Edward L. Barnard. Permissions for Use: see www.ForestryImages.org . ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 155938
Distribution
Range and Population
Within the U.S.: .
Reproduction
en nominated as among 100 of the "World's Worst" invaders
n>Last Modified: Thursday, 7 August 2003
Similar Species
Members of the genus Phytophthora :
There are approximately 152 species and subspecies in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: P. alni alni ·
P. alni multiformis ·
P. alni uniformis ·
P. aegopodii ·
P. agaves ·
P. alni ·
P. aquatica ·
P. avicennae ·
P. avicenniae ·
P. bahamensis ·
P. batemanensis ·
P. boehmeriae ·
P. botryosa ·
P. brassicae ·
P. cactorum ·
P. cactorum var. cactorum ·
P. cajani ·
P. cambivora ·
P. canavaliae ·
P. capsici ·
P. carica ·
P. caricae ·
P. cinchonae ·
P. cinnamomi (Littleleaf Disease) ·
P. cinnamomi var. cinnamomi ·
P. cinnamomi var. parvispora ·
P. cinnamomi var. robiniae ·
P. citri ·
P. citricola ·
P. citrophthora ·
P. clandestina ·
P. colocasiae ·
P. cryptogea ·
P. cryptogea begoniae ·
P. cryptogea var. cryptogea ·
P. cyperi ·
P. cyperi-bulbosi ·
P. cyperi-iriae ·
P. cyperi-rotundati ·
P. devastatrix ·
P. devastrix ·
P. drechsleri ·
P. drechsleri var. cajani ·
P. drechsleri var. dracaenicola ·
P. drechsleri var. drechsleri ·
P. epistomium ·
P. eriugena ·
P. erythroseptica ·
P. erythroseptica var. erythroseptica ·
P. erythroseptica var. pisi ·
P. europaea ·
P. fagopyri ·
P. fischeriana ·
P. fragariae ·
P. fragariae var. fragariae ·
P. fragariae var. oryzobladis ·
P. fragariae var. rubi ·
P. gonapodyides ·
P. hedraiandra ·
P. hibernalis ·
P. himalayensis ·
P. humicola ·
P. hydrophila ·
P. idaei ·
P. ideai ·
P. ilicis ·
P. imperfecta var. imperfecta ·
P. infectans ·
P. infestans ·
P. infestans var. infestans ·
P. inflata ·
P. insolita ·
P. inundata ·
P. ipomoeae ·
P. iranica ·
P. irritabilis ·
P. italica ·
P. japonica ·
P. jatrophae ·
P. katsurae ·
P. kernoviae ·
P. lateralis ·
P. leersiae ·
P. lepironiae ·
P. macrochlamydospora ·
P. meadii ·
P. medicaginis ·
P. megakarya ·
P. megasperma ·
P. megasperma medicaginis-sativae ·
P. megasperma var. glycinea ·
P. megasperma var. megasperma ·
P. melonis ·
P. mexicana ·
P. mirabilis ·
P. multivesiculata ·
P. murrayae ·
P. mycoparasitica ·
P. nemorosa ·
P. nicotianae
More Info
Notes
Contributors: Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist . Species 2000: Reading, U.K. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 03, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider. Species Fungorum 2006.
Data Sources: Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 03, 2008:
GBIF New Zealand: NZFUNGI - Collections of the New Zealand National Fungal Herbarium (PDD)
Identifiers:
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Last Revised: 2008-05-06