Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Dutch:
Witkeelgors
Common Names in English:
Canada Bird, Canada Sparrow, Cherry-Bird, Nightingale, Peabody Bird, Peabody-Bird, Peverly-Bird, White-Throat, White-Throated Sparrow
Common Names in French:
Bruant à Gorge Blanche, Bruant à Gorge Blanche
Common Names in German:
Weißkehlammer, Weisskehlammer
Common Names in Italian:
Passero Golabianca
Common Names in Japanese:
ノドシãƒã‚·ãƒˆãƒ‰
Common Names in Spanish:
Chingolo Gorgiblanco, Gorrión Garganta Blanca, Gorrión Garganta Blanca
Description
Physical Description
Adult : Head : Crown: black or brown between yellow crown stripe and yellow supraloral stripe Face : Supraloral: yellow stripe Bill: dark Neck: Throat : white Body: Underparts: grayish with streaks Upperparts: rusty brown.
Color:
Alternate: Bold black and white (or tan) head stripes · Yellow lores
· White throat
contrasting with gray breast and cheeks · Brown back with dark streaks · Brown wings with two white wingbars · Whitish belly
Basic and Juvenile
: Similar to alternate but duller · Blurry streaks on breast and flanks · Stripes
on head
tan and brown · Indistinct yellow lores
Size/Age/Growth
About 6.25 to 7.5 inches long, with a wingspan of 8.75 to 10 inches. Adults weigh about 0.9 ounces .
Habitat
Seen in agricultural areas and around feeders in residential areas.
Vegetation: arid lowland scrubs, riparian thickets, arid lowland scrubs, second-growth scrub • Maximum Elevation: 1,200 meters • Sensitivity to Disturbancet: Low
Ecology: List of Habitats : 1.1 Forest - Boreal 3.3 Shrubland - Boreal
Biology
Diet
Mostly seeds, with lesser quantities of insects and fruit.
Reproduction
- Breeding Habitat : Successional-scrub
- Nest Location: Ground-low nesting
- Nest Type: Open-cup
- Clutch Size: 3-6
- Length of Incubation : 11-14 days
- Days to Fledge : 8-9 (7-12)
- Number of Broods: 1, occasionally 2
Migration
Migratory
Taxonomy
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- animals
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
)
- Chordates
- Class:
Aves
(
)
- Birds
- Order:
Passeriformes
(
)
- Perching Birds
- Subfamily:
Emberizinae
(
)
- Tribe:
Emberizini
(
)
- Genus:
Zonotrichia
(
)
- Swainson 1832 FaunaBor.-Am.[Swainson&Richardson] 2["1831"] p.254
- Specific name:
albicollis
- (Gmelin) 1789Syst.Nat. 1 pt2 p.921
- Scientific name: - Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmelin) 1789
- Specific name:
albicollis
- (Gmelin) 1789Syst.Nat. 1 pt2 p.921
- Genus:
Zonotrichia
(
- Tribe:
Emberizini
(
- Subfamily:
Emberizinae
(
- Order:
Passeriformes
(
- Class:
Aves
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001.
Similar Species
White-Crowned Sparrow, Harris Sparrow
Members of the genus Zonotrichia
There are approximately 58 species in this genus:
Z. albicollis (White-Throated Sparrow) · Z. atricapilla (Golden-Crowned Sparrow) · Z. canicapilla · Z. capensis (Rufous-Collared Sparrow) · Z. capensis antillarum · Z. capensis antofagastae · Z. capensis argentina · Z. capensis australis · Z. capensis capensis · Z. capensis chilensis · Z. capensis choraules · Z. capensis costaricensis · Z. capensis huancabambae · Z. capensis hypoleuca · Z. capensis insularis · Z. capensis matutina · Z. capensis orestera · Z. capensis peruviensis · Z. capensis pulacayensis · Z. capensis roraimae · Z. capensis sanborni · Z. capensis septentrionalis · Z. capensis subtorquata · Z. coronata · Z. gambelii · Z. georgiana · Z. georgiana georgiana · Z. hemisphaerica · Z. iliaca · Z. iliaca iliaca · Z. iliaca megarhyncha · Z. intermedia · Z. leucophrys (Western White-Crowned Finch) · Z. leucophrys gambeli · Z. leucophrys gambelii · Z. leucophrys gambelli · Z. leucophrys leucophrys (Western White-Crowned Finch) · Z. leucophrys nuttalii · Z. leucophrys nuttalli · Z. leucophrys oriantha · Z. leucophrys pugetensis · Z. leucophrys ssp · Z. leucophrys x · Z. leucophyrs · Z. lincolnii · Z. melodia · Z. melodia azteca · Z. melodia fisherella · Z. melodia heermani · Z. melodia melodia · Z. melodia morphna · Z. mystacalis · Z. pileata · Z. querula (Harris's Sparrow) · Z. querula querula (Mourning Sparrow) · Z. robusta · Z. strigiceps · Z. strigiceps dabbenei
More Info
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Further Reading
- A bibliography of birds: with special reference to anatomy, behavior, biochemistry --. by Reuben Myron Strong Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1959 UND url p. 185, p. 239, p. 268, p. 45, p. 462.
- A catalogue of the flowering plants and higher cryptogams, both native and introduced, found within about thirty miles of Hanover, N. H., including a few cultivated species, to which is appended a list of vertebrate animals of the same region. By Henry Je [Hanover?]Printed for the Author, 1891. ENG url p. 73.
- A check list of North American birds. Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1882. ENG url p. 57.
- A guide to the birds of New England and eastern New York; containing a key for each season and short descriptions of over 250 species, with particular reference to their appearance in the field, by Ralph Huffmann...with four full page plates by Louis Agas BostonHoughton, Mifflin and company1904. ENG url p. 163, p. 357.
- A hand-book to the birds of Great Britain. By R. Bowdler Sharpe London, E. Lloyd, Limited, 1896-1897. ENG url p. 79.
- A handbook of British birds, showing the distribution of the resident and migratory species in the British islands, with an index to the records of the rarer visitants, by J.E. Harting London, J.C. Nimmo, 1901. ENG url p. 500.
- A history of North American birds, by S.F. Baird, T.M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. Land birds, illustrated by 64 chromo-lithographic plates and 593 woodcuts. Boston, Little, Brown, 1875. ENG url p. 186, p. 574.
- A history of the birds of Colorado, by William Lutley Sclater London, Witherby and co., 1912. ENG url p. 363.
- A list of the birds of New Hampshire. By Glover M. Allen. Manchester, N.H., Nature Study press, 1903. ENG url p. 141, p. 222, p. 51.
- A review of the birds of Connecticut. By C. Hart Merriam. New Haven, Tuttle, Morehouse and Taylor, Printers, 1877. ENG url p. 141, p. 142, p. 165, p. 40, p. 41.
- A systematic list of the birds of California / by Joseph Grinnell. Hollywood: Cooper Ornithological Club, 1912. ENG url p. 21.
- Abstract of proceedings of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia]Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. ENG url p. 11, p. 22, p. 4, p. 42.
- Alsop, Fred J. III. Birds of North America - Eastern Region. First American Edition. Smithsonian Handbooks. DK Publishing, Inc. 2001.
- An illustrated manual of British birds, with 384 illustrations and 3 colored maps. London, Gurney, 1899. ENG url p. 776.
- Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 598.
- Animal Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1961. ENG url p. 464.
- Annals of the Carnegie Museum. [Pittsburgh]: Published by authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, 1901- ENG url p. 573.
- Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 107, p. 110, p. 112, p. 124, p. 421, p. 437, p. 93, p. 96, p. 99.
- Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 12, p. 37, p. 42, p. 55, p. 59.
- Asteroid notes. Northfield, Minn, Goodsell Observatory of Carleton College, 1934-1950. ENG url p. 275.
- Atlante ornitologico: uccelli europei: con notizie d'indole generale e particolare / del dr. E. Arrigoni Degli Oddi. Milano: U. Hoepli, 1902. ITA url p. 268.
- Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.
- Bird homes: the nests, eggs, and breeding habits of the land birds breeding in the eastern United States; with hints on the rearing and photographing of young birds / by A. Radclyffe Dugmore; illustrated with photographs from nature by the author. New York: Doubleday, Page, 1905. ENG url p. 47, p. 60.
- Bird notes. Brighton: Foreign Bird Club: 1902-1925. ENG url p. 295, p. 295.
- Bird-life: a guide to the study of our common birds / by Frank M. Chapman; illustrated by Ernest Seton Thompson. New York: Appleton, 1900. ENG url p. 195.
- BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
- BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
- Birdcraft: a field book of two hundred song, game, and water birds / by Mabel Osgood Wright. ..; with eighty full-page plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. New York: Macmillan Co., c1897. ENG url p. 151, p. 317.
- Birds of America; editor-in-chief, T. Gilbert Pearson; consulting editor, John Burroughs; artists, R.I. Brasher, R. Bruce Horsfall [and] Henry Thurston. New York, The University Society, 1923. ENG url p. 37.
- Birds of New York / by Elon Howard Eaton. Albany: University of the State of New York, 1910-1914. ENG url p. 304, p. 719.
- Birds of Washington and vicinity, including adjacent parts of Maryland and Virginia, by Mrs. L. W. Maynard, with introduction by Florence A. Merriam Washington, D. C., 1898. ENG url p. 204.
- Birds of eastern Canada, by P. A. Taverner. Ottawa, J. de L. Tachprinter, 1919. ENG url p. 297.
- Birds of the British Isles / drawn and described by John Duncan; with an introduction by Charles Dixon. London: W. Scott, 1898. ENG url p. 439.
- Birds of the Northwest: a hand-book of the ornithology of the region drained by the Missouri River and its tributaries / by Elliott Coues. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1874. ENG url p. 157.
- Birds of the Rockies, by Leander S. Keyser... with eight full-page plates [four in color] by Louis Agassiz Fuertes; many illustrations in the text by Bruce Horsfall, and eight views of localities from photographs; with a c Chicago, A. C. McClurg and co., 1902. ENG url p. 334.
- Birds. With the co-operation of John Cassin and George N. Lawrence. Washington, D.C., 1858. ENG url p. 463.
- Brigham Young University science bulletin. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University, [1955-1976] ENG url p. 58.
- Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 1362, p. 166, p. 24, p. 30, p. 331, p. 343, p. 49.
- Bulletin / Peabody Museum of Natural History. New Haven: The Museum, ENG url p. 115, p. 191, p. 24.
- Bulletin of the Bird Club of Princeton University. Princeton, N.J.: The Club, 1901. ENG url p. 21, p. 64.
- Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) ENG url p. 240.
- Bulletin of the Essex Institute. Salem, Mass., Essex Institute. ENG url p. 17, p. 19, p. 92.
- Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Bloomington, Ill.: The Laboratory, 1878-[1918]. ENG url p. 331, p. 408.
- Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 127, p. 145, p. 177, p. 279, p. 386, p. 399, p. 402, p. 415, p. 539, p. 567.
- Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. Cambridge, Mass.: The Club, [1876-1883] ENG url p. 107, p. 121, p. 144, p. 214, p. 256, p. 36, p. 43, p. 53, p. 9.
- Bulletin of the scientific laboratories of Denison University. Granville, Ohio: [The University], 1885- ENG url p. 141.
- Cassinia. Philadelphia, Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. ENG url p. 41, p. 60, p. 63, p. 75, p. 84, p. 98.
- Catalogue of Canadian birds, by John Macoun and James M. Macoun Ottawa, Government printing bureau, 1909. ENG url p. 516.
- Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. by Charles E. Hellmayr. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1938. ENG url p. 570.
- Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. London, 1874-98. ENG url p. 598, p. 840.
- Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum / By E. W. Oates [and afterwards] by S. G. Reid [and] W. R. Ogilvie-Grant. London, 1901-12. ENG url p. 275.
- Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British museum (Natural history) By George Albert Boulenger, F.R.S. London, Printed by order of the Trustees [by Taylor and Francis]1909-16. ENG url p. 67.
- Check-list and bibliography on the occurrence of insects in birds' nests. Ames, Iowa State College Press[1959] ENG url p. 447.
- Check-list of North American birds / prepared by a committee of the American ornithologists' union. Lancaster, Pa.: The Union, 1931. ENG url p. 352.
- Color key to North American birds, by Frank M. Chapman with upward of 800 drawings by Chester A. Reed, B. S. New York, Doubleday, Page and company, 1903. ENG url p. 312.
- Des hybrides à l'état sauvage. Règne animal. 1. volume. (Classe des oiseaux) par André Suchetet Lille, Impr. Le Bigot frères, 1896. FRE url p. 272, p. 998.
- Des hybrides 't sauvage. Re animal. 1. volume. (Classe des oiseaux) par Andruchetet Lille, Impr. Le Bigot frs, 1896. FRE url p. 769.
- Ehrlich, P., Dobkin, D., and Wheye, D. (1988). The Birders Handbook: A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc. (info on clutch size, length of incubation, days to fledge and number of broods.)
- Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. ENG url p. 1009, p. 640.
- FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. ENG url p. 140.
- Fauna of New England, 11: list of the aves / by Glover M. Allen. Boston: Society of Natural History, 1909. ENG url p. 159.
- Field ornithology. Comprising a manual of instruction for procuring, preparing and preserving birds, and a check list of North American birds, by Elliott Coues. Salem [Mass.]Naturalists' Agency, 1874. ENG url p. 37.
- First report of the state zoist: accompanied with Notes on the birds of Minnesota / by P.L. Hatch, Henry F. Nachtrieb, state zoist. Minneapolis: Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota: 1892. ENG url p. 322.
- Fishery circular / U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries. [Washington]: The Bureau, 1931-1939. ENG url p. 91.
- Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. ENG url p. 229.
- Handbook of birds of the western United States, including the great plains, great basin, Pacific slope, and lower Rio Grande Valley, by Florence Merriam Bailey; with thirty-three full-page plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes, and over six hundred cuts in the BostonHoughton, Mifflin and company, 1902. ENG url p. 340, p. 340.
- Homing with the birds; the history of a lifetime of personal experience with the birds, by Gene Stratton-Porter. Garden City, New York, Doubleday, Page and Company, 1919. ENG url p. 379.
- Ibis. [London]Published for the British Ornithologists' Union by Academic Press. ENG url p. 404, p. 425, p. 455, p. 498, p. 501, p. 6, p. 68, p. 76, p. 788.
- Jahresbericht über das Gebiet der Pflanzenkrankheiten. Berlin: P. Parey, 1907-1917. GER url p. 340.
- Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society. Oxford [etc.]Royal Microscopical Society. ENG url p. 369.
- Katalog der Eiersammlung, nebst Beschreibungeh der aussereuropchen Eier. Berlin, R. Friedler and Sohn, 1910. GER url p. 317.
- Key to North American birds. Containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary, inclusive of Greenland and lower California By Elliot Coues. Boston, D. Estes and Company, 1903. ENG url p. 462.
- Le Naturaliste canadien. Neufchâtel, QC: Éditions, l'Ardoise [etc.] FRE url p. 246, p. 391.
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- Life-histories of the birds of eastern Pennsylvania, by Thomas G. Gentry Philadelphia, Pub. by the author, 1876-77. ENG url p. 308.
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- Nests and eggs of North American birds; by Oliver Davie. Columbus [O.]Hann and Adair, 1889. ENG url p. 306.
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- Our birds in their haunts: a popular treatise on the birds of Eastern North America / by J. Hibbert Langille. Boston, S. E. Cassino, 1884. ENG url p. 319.
- Pacific coast avifauna / Cooper Ornithological Club of California. Santa Clara, Calif.: The Club, 1900-1974. ENG url p. 121, p. 122, p. 13, p. 166, p. 52, p. 61, p. 80, p. 80, p. 82, p. 98.
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- Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Boston [etc.]Boston Society of Natural History. ENG url p. 271.
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- Proceedings of the Nebraska Ornithologists' Union. Lincoln, [1900-15] ENG url p. 26, p. 36.
- Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 126, p. 200, p. 241, p. 439, p. 495, p. 520, p. 572, p. 615, p. 639, p. 639, p. 676.
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- Report upon natural history collections made in Alaska between the years 1877 and 1881 / by Edward W. Nelson. Ed. by Henry W. Henshaw. Washington, Govt. Print. Off.1887. ENG url p. 337.
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- Sex and internal secretions. Contributors: A. Albert [and others] Foreword by George W. Corner. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1961. ENG url p. 1139.
- Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. ENG url p. 10, p. 179, p. 520.
- Studies in bird migration, by William Eagle Clarke with maps, weather charts, and other illustrations London, Gurney and Jackson; [etc., etc.]1912. ENG url p. 269.
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- The Canadian bird book: illustrating in natural colors more than seven hundred north American birds, also several hundred photographs of their nests and eggs / by Chester A. Reed. Toronto: Musson Book Co., c1914. ENG url p. 472.
- The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, The Ottawa-Field-Naturalists Club. ENG url p. 164, p. 165, p. 46, p. 51.
- The Great Basin naturalist. Provo, Utah, M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University. ENG url p. 521, p. 654, p. 736.
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- The bird book: illustrating in natural colors more than seven hundred North American birds; also several hundred photographs of their nests and eggs / by Chester A. Reed. Garden City, New York, Doubleday, Page and company, 1915. ENG url p. 472.
- The birds of Connecticut, by John Hall Sage and Louis Bennett Bishop, assisted by Walter Parks Bliss. Hartford, Printed for the State Geological and Natural History Survey, 1913. ENG url p. 129, p. 190, p. 193, p. 330.
- The birds of Illinois and Wisconsin. Chicago, 1909. ENG url p. 205, p. 205, p. 209, p. 593, p. 593, p. 764, p. 764.
- The birds of New England and adjacent states: containing descriptions of the birds of New England, and adjoining states and provinces, arranged by a long-approved classification and nomenclature with illustrations of many species of the birds By Edwa Boston: Noyes, Holmes, and company, 1875. ENG url p. 311.
- The birds of Ohio; a complete scientific and popular description of the 320 species of birds found in the state. With introd. and analytical keys by Lynds Jones; illustrated with photos. taken by the author and others. Columbus, Wheaton Pub. Co., 1903. ENG url p. 671.
- The birds of Wyoming / By Wilbur C. Knight. Laramie, Wyo.: Wyoming Experiment Station, 1902. ENG url p. 284.
- The birds of Wyoming, with an explanation of recent changes in their distribution; economic aspect also considered. By B. H. Grave and Ernest P. Walker. [Laramie]University of Wyoming, 1913. ENG url p. 62.
- The birds of eastern North America known to occur east of the nineteenth meridian by Charles B. Cory Chicago, Printed for the Field Columbian Museum [by A. Mudge], 1899. ENG url p. 373.
- The birds of eastern North America: known to occur east of the ninetieth meridian / by Charles B. Cory. Chicago: Field Columbian Museum, 1899. ENG url p. 373.
- The birds of the British Isles and their eggs. by T.A. Coward; with 242 accurately coloured illustrations by Archibald Thorburn and others, reproduced from Lord Lilford's work Coloured figures of the birds of the British Islands, and 65 photograp London; F. Warne, 1919. ENG url p. 363.
- The code of nomenclature and check-list of North American birds adopted by the American Ornithologists' Union; being the report of the Committee of the Union on Classification and Nomenclature. New York, 1886. ENG url p. 271, p. 392.
- The crane-flies of New York. [Ithaca]1919-1920. ENG url p. 724.
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- The naturalist of the Saint Croix. Memoir of George A. Boardman. A selection from his correspondence and published writings, notices of friends and contemporaries, with his list of the birds of Maine and New Brunswick. By Samuel Lane Boardman... Bangor, Priv. print., 1903. ENG url p. 304.
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- Transactions of the Maryland Academy of Science and Literature. Baltimore: The Academy, 1837. ENG url p. 334, p. 381.
- Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History. [San Diego]: The Society, 1905- ENG url p. 166, p. 332.
- Transactions of the Scientific Association, Meriden, Conn. [Meriden, Conn.: Meriden Scientific Association], 1885. ENG url p. 45.
- University of Kansas publications, Museum of Natural History. Lawrence, University of Kansas. ENG url p. 119, p. 192, p. 212, p. 314, p. 626, p. 675, p. 703.
- Wood notes wild, notations of bird music; by Simeon Pease Cheney...Collected and arranged, with appendix, notes, bibliography and general index, by John Vance Cheney. Boston, Lee and Shepard, 1892. ENG url p. 261.
- Zoe: a biological journal. San Francisco. ENG url p. 383.
- Zoe:a biological journal. 1 1891 San Diego, Calif. [etc.]Zoe Publishing Co. ENG url p. 371, p. 373, p. iii.
- Zoologischer Anzeiger. Jena, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag. GER url p. 121, p. 360, p. 443, p. 514.
Notes
Contributors
- BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 4, 2006.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed May 31, 2006. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
- Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
- Parker III, T.A., D.F. Stotz, and J.W. Fitzpatrick, and quot;Ecological and Distributional Databases for Neotropical Birds, and quot; in Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation, by D.F. Stotz, T.A. Parker III, J.W. Fitzpatrick, and D.K. Moskovits (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). ISBN 0-226-64676-9.
- Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
- Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2004. Version 2005.2. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
- Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3850247
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-179462
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13544898
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 179462
- IUCN ID: 53551
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBXA4020
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 13626
