Vermivora chrysoptera

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

The Golden-winged Warbler uses primarily habitats that are in early successional areas such as shrubby vegetation found along streams , wet fields with shrubby vegetation, power line right-of-ways, and some cut-over areas.

Vegetation: tropical lowland evergreen forest, second-growth forests and woodlands, montaine evergreen forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest • Maximum Elevation: 3,000 meters • Sensitivity to Disturbancet: Low

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,839 meters (0 to 9,314 feet).[1]

Ecology: List of Habitats : 1.4 Forest - Temperate 1.6 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland 3.4 Shrubland - Temperate 3.6 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist 5.4 Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands

Biology

Diet

The diet consists of insects and spiders found on leaves and branches. It forages by moving among the branches gathering the food that it finds. It also searches clusters of dead leaves to find the insects hiding within.

Primarily: Insects

Reproduction

The breeding season begins in mid-May and extends to late June. The nest is commonly on the ground , hidden among the grass or against the trunk of a tree . Rarely, the nest is woven among the vegetation, and then it is only placed a few inches above the ground. The nest is cup-shaped and built out of grasses and strips of grapevine bark . The female lays 4-7 (usually 4-5) eggs that she incubates for 10 days. The young are altricial and fledge 9-10 days after hatching .

• Breeding Habitat : Successional-scrub
• Nest Location: Ground-low nesting
• Nest Type: Open-cup
• Clutch Size: 3-6
• Length of Incubation : 10 days
• Days to Fledge: 9-10

Migration

Migratory

The song of this species is a low, soft, buzzing song that sounds like be-bzz-bzz-bzz.

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001.

Similar Species

In the East, the most similar species is the Blue-winged Warbler, although many warblers are similar in size and body shape. The Blue-winged Warbler is mostly yellow, with slate-gray wings and tail, and has two wing bars and a black eye stripe. The song of the Blue-winged Warbler is similar to the Golden-wing Warbler's but shorter. Its low, soft, buzzing song sounds like be-bzz. The Blue-winged Warbler and Golden-winged Warbler interbreed and produce two hybrids called the Brewster's Warbler and Lawrence's Warbler. The Brewster's Warbler - the more common of the two hybrids - has the black eye stripe, a yellow crown, a variety of yellow throughout the body, grayish wings and tail, and two yellowish wing bars. The Lawrence's Warbler has the black ear patch and throat, variable yellow throughout the body, grayish wings and tail, and two yellowish wing bars.

The gray and white plumage and black throat of the Golden-winged warbler is somewhat reminiscent of a chickadee but note the yellow forehead and wing patch of the warbler. The Blue-winged Warbler occassionally hybridizes with the Golden-winged Warbler to produce offspring with characteristics of both parents. Some have mostly white underparts but the face pattern of the Blue-winged Warbler (Brewster's Warbler), while some have the yellow plumage of the Blue-winged but the face pattern of the Golden-winged (Lawrence's Warbler). These hybrids sometimes backcross with Blue-winged or Golden-winged to produce offspring more similar to Blue-winged or Golden-winged.

Members of the genus Vermivora

There are approximately 27 species in this genus:

V. bachmanii (Bachman's Wood Warbler) · V. celata (Rocky Mountain Orange-Crowned Warbler) · V. celata celata (Rocky Mountain Orange-Crowned Warbler) · V. celata lutescens (Orange-Crowned Warbler) · V. celata orestera (Rocky Mountain Orange-Crowned Warbler) · V. celata sordida (Dusky Orange-Crowned Warbler) · V. celata ssp · V. chrysoptera (Golden-Winged Swamp Warbler) · V. chrysoptera x · V. chysoptera · V. crissalis (Colima Warbler) · V. crysoptera · V. gutteralis (Flame-Throated Warbler) · V. gutturalis · V. lawrencei · V. lawrencii (Lawrence's Warbler) · V. leucobronchialis (Brewster's Warbler) · V. luciae (Lucy's Warbler) · V. peregrina (Tennessee Swamp Warbler) · V. pinus (Blue-Winged Yellow Warbler) · V. pinus x · V. ruficapilla (Nashville Swamp Warbler) · V. ruficapilla gutturalis (Calaveras Warbler) · V. ruficapilla ridgwayi (Nashville Warbler) · V. ruficapilla ruficapilla (Nashville Swamp Warbler) · V. superciliosa (Crescent-Chested Warbler) · V. virginiae (Virginia's Warbler)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A bibliography of birds: with special reference to anatomy, behavior, biochemistry --. by Reuben Myron Strong Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1959 UND url p. 181, p. 268, p. 464.
• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. ENG url p. 18.
• A history of the birds of Colorado, by William Lutley Sclater.. . London, Witherby & co., 1912. ENG url p. 443.
• Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva.. . et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 697.
• Annals of the Carnegie Museum. [Pittsburgh]: Published by authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, 1901- ENG url p. 457, p. 610.
• Bird guide: land birds east of the Rockies from parrots to bluebirds / by Chester A. Reed. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1916, c1909. ENG url p. 147.
• BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
• BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
• Birds of America; editor-in-chief, T. Gilbert Pearson; consulting editor, John Burroughs; artists, R.I. Brasher, R. Bruce Horsfall [and] Henry Thurston. New York, The University Society, 1923. ENG url p. 118.
• Birds of New York / by Elon Howard Eaton. Albany: University of the State of New York, 1910-1914. ENG url p. 386.
• Birds of Volc�n de Chiriqu�, Panama. [Chicago]Chicago Natural History Museum, 1958. ENG url p. 557.
• Birds of eastern Canada, by P. A. Taverner. Ottawa, J. de L. Tachprinter, 1919. ENG url p. 192.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 3, p. 450, p. 47, p. 52, p. 93.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 345, p. 357, p. 450, p. 462.
• Catalogue of a collection of birds from Costa Rica, by John Farwell Ferry. Chicago, 1910. ENG url p. 275.
• Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. by Charles E. Hellmayr. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1935. ENG url p. 336, p. 337.
• Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. London, 1874-98. ENG url p. 235.
• Check-list of North American birds / prepared by a committee of the American ornithologists' union. Lancaster, Pa.: The Union, 1931. ENG url p. 281, p. 372.
• Contents and index to volume 1 / Charles B. Cory. Chicago: Natural History Museum, 1917. ENG url p. 362.
• Des hybrides � l'�tat sauvage. R�gne animal. 1. volume. (Classe des oiseaux) par Andr� Suchetet.. . Lille, Impr. Le Bigot fr�res, 1896. FRE url p. 319.
• FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. ENG url p. 314.
• Fishery circular / U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries. [Washington]: The Bureau, 1931-1939. ENG url p. 73, p. 88.
• Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. Cambridge, Mass.: The Club, 1886- ENG url p. 114, p. 160, p. 196.
• Michigan bird life: a list of all the bird species known to occur in the State together with an outline of their classification and an account of the life history of each species, with special reference to its relation t by Walter Bradford Barrows. Lansing: Michigan Agricultural College, 1912. ENG url p. 585.
• Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. Lawrence, University of Kansas, 1946-1996. ENG url p. 49.
• Naturalist's guide to the Americas, prepared by the Committee on the Preservation of Natural Conditions of the Ecological Society of America, with assistance from numerous organizations and individuals, assembled and edited by chairman, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1926. ENG url p. 756.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia] ENG url p. 273, p. 312, p. 375, p. 397, p. 399.
• Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. Indianapolis, Ind.[s.n.] ENG url p. 380.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 514, p. 580.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, The Ottawa-Field-Naturalists Club. ENG url p. 52.
• The Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. Des moines, Iowa: The Academy, [1889-1987] ENG url p. 66.
• The bird book: illustrating in natural colors more than seven hundred North American birds; also several hundred photographs of their nests and eggs / by Chester A. Reed. Garden City, New York, Doubleday, Page & company, 1915. ENG url p. 388.
• The birds of Connecticut, by John Hall Sage and Louis Bennett Bishop, assisted by Walter Parks Bliss. Hartford, Printed for the State Geological and Natural History Survey, 1913. ENG url p. 149, p. 150, p. 187, p. 191.
• The birds of Illinois and Wisconsin. Chicago, 1909. ENG url p. 238, p. 238, p. 250, p. 250, p. 253, p. 644, p. 644, p. 763.
• The book of birds; common birds of town and country and American game birds, by Henry W. Henshaw; illustrated in natural colors with 250 paintings by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. Washington, D.C., National geographic society[1921] ENG url p. 82.
• The transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. St. Louis: The Academy, 1860-1958. ENG url p. 217.
• Transactions of the Academy of Science of Saint Louis. [St. Louis, Academy of Science of St. Louis] ENG url p. 217.
• Zoology of Colorado, by Theodore D.A. Cockerell.. . Boulder, Col., University of Colorado, 1927. ENG url p. 92.

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed March 21, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 06, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 12 providers.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 06, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Ornithology Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• Royal Ontario Museum: Bird specimens
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• UCLA-Dickey Bird Collection (UCLA-Dickey): Bird specimens
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3850352
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-178852
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13526893
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 178852
• IUCN ID: 53636
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBX01030
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 251

Footnotes

1. Mean = 296.310 meters (972.146 feet), Standard Deviation = 291.500 based on 3,245 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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