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• Conservation Status
• Taxonomy
• Physical Description
• Distribution
• Habitat
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes
• Keep Exploring

Overview:

Critically Endangered

The first toothcarp in the German aquarium trade. A short-lived species which is found in swamps, lagoons, springs and associated wetlands and other water bodies with little current and plenty of vegetation (Ref. 30578). Feeds on invertebrates . Is threatened due to habitat destruction, water abstraction and pollution (Ref. 26100). Not a seasonal killifish. Is difficult to maintain in aquarium (Ref. 27139).

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List: CR Critically Endangered

History:

• 1988-Endangered (IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre 1988)
• 1990-Endangered (IUCN 1990)
• 1994-Endangered (Groombridge 1994)
• 1996-Endangered (Baillie and Groombridge 1996)

Threats:

• 1.3.6 Habitat Loss/Degradation - Extraction - Groundwater extraction (ongoing)
• 2.2 Invasive alien species (directly affecting the species) - Predators (ongoing)
• 6.3.1 Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species) - Water pollution - Agriculture (present, future)
• 6.3.2 Pollution (affecting habitat and/or species) - Water pollution - Domestic (present, future)
• 7.1 Natural disasters - Drought (ongoing)
• 8.2 Changes in native species dynamics - Predators (ongoing)
• 9.1 Intrinsic factors - Limited dispersal (ongoing)
• 9.9 Intrinsic factors - Restricted range (ongoing)

For info on these threat codes, see here.

Justification

This species has undergone a population decline of more than 80% in the past 10 years due to habitat (marsh) destruction for urbanisation, agricultural pollution and the introduction of alien predators (Carmona, J and Elvira, B. pers comm).

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms:

1. Fundulus hispanicus (Valenicennes, 1846)
2. Hydrargyra hispanica Valenciennes, 1846

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Data last modified by FishBase 28-Jul-1994

Physical Description

Family Valenciidae:

Distribution: southeastern Spain, Italy, and western Greece. Elongate and attenuate dorsal process of the maxilla; total number of rays in dorsal fin 8-11; scales in lateral line series 28-34. Fertilization external.

The family Valenciidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and the Order Cyprinodontiformes. It contains 1 genus and 2 species. It may be found in Freshwater environments and is primarily Secondary freshwater. Members of this family are not used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is subcarangiform. This family may be found from 41° n to 36° s and 8° w to 22° e.

Images:

Distribution

Range and Population

Europe: along the Mediterranean coast. Also occurs in Albania. In Appendix II of the Bern Convention (strictly protected fauna).

Habitat

Biome

Fresh water. Demersal.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Valencia:

There are approximately 2 species and subspecies in this genus: V. hispanica (Spanish Toothcarp) · V. letourneuxi (Corfu Toothcarp)

Members of the genus Rhincodon:

There are approximately 3 species and subspecies in this genus: R. types · R. typicus · R. typus (Basking Shark)

Bibliography

• Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (compilers and editors) 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
• Caiola, N. and De Sostoa, A. 2002. Life history and feeding ecology of a captive population of the endangered Valencia toothcarp, Valencia hispanica. In: M.J. Collares-Pereira, M.M. Coelho and I.G. Cowx (eds). Conservation of Freshwater Fishes: Options for the Future. pp: 131 and ndash;142.
• Doadrio, I. 2001. Atlas y libro rojo de los peces continentale de Espana. Madrid MMA, CSIC.
• Huber, J.H. (1996). Killi-Data 1996. Updated checklist of taxonomic names, collecting localities and bibliographic references of oviparous Cyprinodont fishes (Atherinomorpha, Pisces). SociétéFrançaise d'Ichtyologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturel
• IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1988. 1988 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• IUCN. 1990. 1990 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• Keith, P., J. Allardi and B. Moutou (1992). Livre rouge des espèces menacées de poissons d'eau douce de France et bilan des introductions. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Secretariat de la Faune et de la Flore, Conseil Supérieur de la Peche, CEM
• Parenti, Lynne R. 1981. A phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of cyprinodontiform fishes (Teleostei, Atherinomorpha). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 168, pt. 4. 335-557.
• Perdices, A., Machordom, A. and Doadrio, I. 1996. Allozymic variation and relationships of the endangered cyprinodontid genus Valencia and its implications for conservation. Journal of Fish Biology 49: 1112 and ndash;1127.
• Planelles, M. and Reyna, S. 1996. Conservation of samaruc, Valencia hispanica (Valenciennes, 1846), (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae), an endemic and endangered species, in the community of Valencia (east Spain). In: A. Kirchhofer and D. Hefti (eds) Conservation of Endangered Freshwater Fish in Europe. pp: 329 and ndash;335. Birkhäuser, Basel, Switzerland.
• Rincon, P.A., Correas, A.M., Morcillo, F., Risueno, P. and Lobon-Cervia, J. 2002. Interaction between the introduced eastern mosquitofish and two autochtonous Spanish toothcarps. Journal of Fish Biology 61: 1560 and ndash;1585.
• Shiino, Sueo M. 1976. List of Common Names of Fishes of the World, Those Prevailing among English-speaking Nations. Science Report of Shima Marineland, no. 4. Shima Marineland. Kashikojima, Shima, Mie, Japan. 262.

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Notes

Contributors:

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• FishBase 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 12, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 12, 2007:

• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• Senckenberg, Collection Pisces

Identifiers:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 165792
• Fishbase Species ID: 6284
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13544639
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 11523