Urocyon cinereoargenteus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,716 meters (0 to 8,911 feet).[1]

Ecology: In eastern North America, the Grey Fox is most closely associated with deciduous/southern pine forests interspersed with some old fields and scrubby woodlands (Hall 1981). In western North America, it is commonly found in mixed agricultural/woodland/chaparral/riparian landscapes and shrub habitats . The species occupies forested areas and thick brush habitats in Central America and forested montane habitats in South America (Eisenberg 1989). Grey Foxes occur in semi-arid areas of the southwestern USA and northern Mexico where cover is sufficient. They appear to do well on the margins of some urban areas (Harrison 1997).[2].

List of Habitats:

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.4     Forest - Temperate   
  
•     1.5     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     1.9     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane   
  
•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.6     Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist   
  
•     3.8     Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.1     Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land   
  
•     14.2     Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland   
  
•     14.5     Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

An omnivore . Feeds on birds, eggs , rabbits, rodents, squirrels, fruits, and nuts.

Reproduction

Breeding takes place from January - April. The female Gray Fox gives birth to 2 - 7 young about 53 days later. Pups stay with the parents until 3 months of age, when they become independent . Nearly all Gray Foxes breed within their first year. Gray Foxes make their dens in burrows, hollow logs , in cavities under rocks and logs, and even in abandoned buildings.

Both mother and father gray foxes raise the young, though the males be less active in this process .. They pass on many survival skills, including how to climb low-branching trees -- a unique ability among dog-like mammals. Parents are monogamous, and remain together for extended periods.

Behavior

The Gray Fox is the forest fox of the eastern United States; The Red Fox prefers more open habitats . The Gray Fox is unique among the wild dog species of North America in that it is an excellent tree climber and can leap from branch to branch like a cat. This ability allows it to escape from predators , forage for food, and gain access to dens or resting places. One Gray Fox den was found in a hollow tree 9.1 m (30 ft ) above the ground! This fox is most active at night, also at dusk and dawn.

Predators:

Eagles, Coyotes, and Bobcats.

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Aug-2007

Similar Species

The somewhat larger Red Fox has a white tail tip, and its feet, underside of tail, and ear edges are black.

Members of the genus Urocyon

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 9 species and subspecies in this genus:

U. cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) · U. cinereoargenteus cinereoargenteus (Common Gray Fox) · U. littoralis (California Channel Island Fox) · U. littoralis catalinae (Santa Catalina Island Fox) · U. littoralis clementae (San Clemente Island Fox) · U. littoralis dickeyi (Channel Islands Gray Fox) · U. littoralis littoralis (San Miguel Fox) · U. littoralis santacruzae (Santa Cruz Island Fox) · U. littoralis santarosae (Santa Rosa Island Fox)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. url p. 4.
• A distributional list of the mammals of California, by Joseph Grinnell. San Francisco, The Academy, 1913. url p. 288.
• A manual of land and fresh water vertebrate animals of the United States (exclusive of birds) by Henry Sherring Pratt. .. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., inc.[c1935] url p. 269, p. 388, p. 391, p. 395, p. 405, p. 411.
• A manual of the vertebrate animals of the northern United States, including the district north and east of the Ozark mountains, south of the Laurentian hills, north of the southern boundary of Virgini by David Starr Jordan. Chicago: A.C. McClurg, 1910. url p. 345.
• Abstract of the proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New York. [New York]: The Society, [1889-1932]. url p. 121, p. 25, p. 48, p. 70.
• Advances in the study of mammalian behavior / edited by John F. Eisenberg and Devra G. Kleiman. [Stillwater, Okla.]: American Society of Mammalogists; 1983. url p. 164.
• American animals: a popular guide to the mammals of North America north of Mexico, with intimate biographies of the more familiar species / by Witmer Stone and William Everett Cram. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1917. url p. 12, p. 275, p. 277, p. 317.
• American animals; a popular guide to the mammals of North America north of Mexico, with intimate biographies of the more familiar species, by Witmer Stone and William Everett Cram. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1922 [c1902] url , p. 275, p. 277, p. 317.
• An account of the mammals and birds of the lower Colorado Valley: with especial reference to the distributional problems presented / by Joseph Grinnell. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1914. url p. 70.
• Animal Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1961. url p. 455.
• Animal communities in temperate America: as illustrated in the Chicago region; a study in animal ecology / by Victor E. Shelford. .. Chicago, Ill.: Published for the Geographic Society of Chicago by the University of Chicago Press, [c1937] url p. 237.
• Animal guide, North American wild animals, by Chas. K. Reed; with sixty species of animals in natural colors, from original paintings, by Harry F. Harvey. 1915 Worcester, Mass.: C. K. Reed, 1915. url p. 111.
• Animal life of the Carlsbad cavern, by Vernon Bailey. .. Baltimore, The Williams & Wilkins Company, 1928. url p. 194.
• Annual report / Albany: University of the State of New York, 1902-1918. url p. 92.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. url p. 100, p. 103, p. 113, p. 116, p. 122, p. 149, p. 161, p. 313, p. 565, p. 565, p. 62, p. 70, p. 73, p. 75, p. 79, p. 79, p. 81, p. 85, p. 87, p. 89, p. 90, p. 96, p. 98.
• Annual report of the New Jersey State Museum: including a list of the specimens received during the year: financial report, with a report of the mammals of New Jersey and a supplement to former reports, 1907. Trenton, N.J.: MacCrellish & Quigley, 1908. url p. 109.
• Annual report of the Regents / Albany: J.B. Lyon, State Printer, 1890-1903. url p. 129, p. 72.
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• Elkhorn Slough Estuarine Sanctuary: proposed estuarine sanctuary grant award for Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California / Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1979? url .
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• FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. url p. 108, p. 442.
• Field book of North American mammals; descriptions of every mammal known north of the Rio Grande, together with brief accounts of habits, geographical ranges, etc., by H. E. Anthony. .. with 32 coloured plates and 175 photographs, pen-and-ink sketches and maps. New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1928. url p. 143, p. 144, p. 145, fig. 34.
• Fieldbook of Illinois mammals / Donald F. Hoffmeister, Carl O. Mohr. Urbana: Natural History Survey Division, 1957. url p. 114, p. 114, p. 233, p. 233, p. 39, p. 39, p. 88, p. 88, p. 90.
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• Name that animal; a guide to the identification of the common land and fresh-water animals of the United States, with special reference to the area east of the Rockies. With drawings by Olive Driver. Northampton? Mass., 1950 url p. 496.
• Naturalist's guide to the Americas, prepared by the Committee on the Preservation of Natural Conditions of the Ecological Society of America, with assistance from numerous organizations and individuals, assembled and edited by chairman, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1926. url p. 320, p. 320, p. 356, p. 356, p. 394, p. 394, p. 466, p. 466, p. 470, p. 470, p. 472, p. 472, p. 495.
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• On the South American small-eared zorro Atelocynus microtis Sclater (Canidae) 39 1961 [Chicago]Chicago Natural History Museum, 1961. url figure 98, page 522.
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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• Cypher, B.L., Fuller, T.K. & List, R. 2008. Urocyon cinereoargenteus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 05February2012.
• Cypher, B.L., Fuller, T.K. and List, R. 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 20, 2008.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 29, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 14 providers.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
• Species At Risk Act Public Registry, Government of Canada
• Zoo Ave, Alajuela, Costa Rica

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 29, 2008:

• Burke Museum: Mammal Specimens
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad: Colección de Mamíferos de la Sierra Volcánica Transversal de México (UAM-I)
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad: Colección de Mamíferos de Nuevo León, México (UANL)
• GBIF-Sweden: Mammals (NRM)
• Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
• Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science: Mammal specimens
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database
• Michigan State University Museum: Vertebrate specimens
• Museum of Texas Tech University (TTU): Mammal specimens
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• Royal Ontario Museum: Mammal specimens
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• Sternberg Museum of Natural History: Mammal Collection
• University of Alaska Museum of the North: University of Alaska Museum Mammal Collection
• University of Alaska Museum of the North: University of New Mexico Museum of Southwestern Biology Mammal Collection
• University of Colorado Museum: Zoological specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 105449
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-180609
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 180609
• IUCN ID: 248045
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AMAJA04010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1130

Footnotes

1. Mean = 405.430 meters (1,330.151 feet), Standard Deviation = 648.160 based on 127 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Cypher, B.L., Fuller, T.K. & List, R. 2008. Urocyon cinereoargenteus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 05 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.