Overview
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|
Endangered |
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Common Names
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Common Names in English:
Ounce, Snow Leopard
Description
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Habitat
Biome: Terrestrial
Ecology: Through most of their range
, snow leopards are associated with arid
and semi-arid shrubland, grassland or steppe
(Fox 1989, Jackson 1992). In the mountains of Russia and parts of the Tian Shan they occur in open coniferous
forest
, but generally avoid dense forest (Heptner and Sludskij 1972, E. Koshkarev pers. comm.
). The species is generally found at elevations
between 3,000-4,500 m
, although they occasionally go above 5,500 m in the Himalayas, and at the northern limits
of their range can be found between 600-1,500 m (Heptner and Sludskii 1972, Fox 1989, Schaller et al. 1994). Steep terrain broken
by cliffs
, ridges
, gullies and rocky outcrops is preferred (Koshkarev 1984, Mallon 1984, Jackson and Ahlborn 1984 and 1988, Chundawat 1990, Fox et al. 1991), although in Mongolia and on the Tibetan Plateau
they can be found in relatively flat country (Mallon 1984b, Schaller et al. 1994), especially if ridges offer
suitable travel routes, and shrub
and rock outcrops provide sufficient cover
(Schaller et al. 1988).[1]
List of Habitats
: 3.4 Shrubland - Temperate
4.1 Grassland - Tundra
Taxonomy
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- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- Auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
()
- Goodrich, 1930
- Class:
Mammalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Mammals
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
()
- (Rowe, 1988) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
()
- (Wible Et Al., 1995) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
()
- Mckenna, 1975
- Legion:
Cladotheria
()
- Mckenna, 1975
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
()
- Mckenna, 1975
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
()
- (Mckenna, 1975) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Supercohort:
Theria
()
- (Parker & Haswell, 1897) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Cohort:
Placentalia
()
- (Owen, 1837) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
()
- (Mckenna, 1975) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
()
- (Mckenna, 1975) Mckenna, in Stucky & Mckenna, in Benton, Ed., 1993
- Grandorder:
Ferae
()
- (Linnaeus, 1758) Mckenna, 1975:41
- Order:
Carnivora
()
- Bowdich, 1821
- Suborder:
Feliformia
()
- Kretzoi, 1945
- Family:
Felidae
()
- (Fischer De Waldheim, 1817) Gray, 1821:302
- Subfamily:
Pantherinae
()
- Genus:
Uncia
()
- Gray, 1854
- Specific name:
uncia
- (Schreber, 1775)
- Scientific name: - Uncia uncia (Schreber, 1775)
- Specific name:
uncia
- (Schreber, 1775)
- Genus:
Uncia
(
- Subfamily:
Pantherinae
(
- Family:
Felidae
(
- Suborder:
Feliformia
(
- Order:
Carnivora
(
- Grandorder:
Ferae
(
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
(
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
(
- Cohort:
Placentalia
(
- Supercohort:
Theria
(
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
(
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
(
- Legion:
Cladotheria
(
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
(
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
(
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
(
- Class:
Mammalia
(
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 28-Oct-2003.
Similar Species
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Members of the genus Uncia
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1 species and subspecies in this genus:
More Info
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- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
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- Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 118, p. 124, p. 146.
- Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (compilers and editors) 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
- Cai, G., Liu, Y. and O’Gara, B. 1989. Observations of large mammals in the Qaidam Basin and its peripheral mountainous area in the People’s Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68: 2021-2024
- Cai, G., Liu, Y. and O'Gara, B. 1989. Observations of large mammals in the Qaidam Basin and its peripheral mountainous area in the People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68: 2021-2024
- Cat Specialist Group. For more information, see the Specialist Group website
- Catalogue of the Genus Felis / By R.I. Pocock, F.R.S. London, 1951. ENG url p. 4.
- Chundawat, R.S. 1990. Habitat selection by a snow leopard in Hemis National Park, India. Intl. Ped. Book of Snow Leopards 6: 85-92
- Fox, J.L. 1989. A review of the status and ecology of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia). International Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle
- Fox, J.L. 1994. Snow leopard conservation in the wild - a comprehensive perspective on a low density and highly fragmented population. In: J.L. Fox and Du Jizeng (eds). Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium. International Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle
- Fox, J.L., Nurbu, C. and Chundawat, R.S. 1991. The mountain ungulates of Ladakh, India. Biological Conservation 58:167-190
- Fox, J.L., Sinha, S.P., Chundawat, R.S. and Das. P.K. 1991. Status of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in North-west India. Biological Conservation 55:283-298
- Groombridge, B. (ed.) 1994. 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
- Heptner, V.G. and Sludskii, A.A. 1972. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol III: Carnivores (Feloidea). Vyssha Shkola, Moscow (in Russian). English translation edited by R.S. Hoffmann, Smithsonian Inst. and the National Science Foundation., Washington DC, 1992
- IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1986. 1986 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
- IUCN. 1990. 1990 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
- IUCN. 2002. 2002 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.. Downloaded on 8 October 2002.
- Jackson, R. 1992. Snow leopard. Unpublished data sheet. IUCN/SSC/Cat Specialist Group, Bougy-Villars, Switzerland
- Jackson, R. and Ahlborn, G. 1984. A preliminary habitat suitability model for the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in West Nepal. Intl. Ped. Book of Snow Leopards 4:43-52
- Jackson, R. and Ahlborn, G. 1988. Observations on the ecology of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in west Nepal. In: H. Freeman, ed. Proceedings of the Fifth International Snow Leopard Symposium. International Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle, and Wildlife Institute of India. Conway, Bombay. pp 65-97.
- Koshkarev, E.P. 1984. Characteristics of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) movements in the Tien Shan. Intl. Ped. Book of Snow Leopards 4:15-21
- Liao, Y.F. and Tan, B.J. 1988. A preliminary study on the geographical distribution of snow leopards in China. In: H. Freeman (ed.). Proceedings of the Fifth International Snow Leopard Symposium. International Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle, and Wildlife Institute of India. Conway, Bombay. pp 51-63.
- Mallon, D.P. 1984a. The snow leopard in Ladakh. Intl. Ped. Book of Snow Leopards 4:23-3
- Mallon, D.P. 1984b. The snow leopard, Panthera uncia, in Mongolia. Intl. Ped. Book of Snow Leopards 4:3-10
- Miller, D.J. and Jackson, R. 1994. Livestock and snow leopards: making room for competing users on the Tibetan Plateau. In: J.L. Fox and Du Jizeng (eds). Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium. International Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle
- Nowell, K. and Jackson, P. (compilers and editors) 1996. Wild Cats. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. (online version)
- Schaller, G.B. 1977. Mountain monarchs: wild sheep and goats of the Himalaya. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
- Schaller, G.B., Ren, J.R. and Qiu, M.J. 1988. Status of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Qinghai and Gansu provinces, China. Biological Conservation 45:179-194
- Schaller, G.B., Tserendeleg, J. and Amarsanaa. G. 1994. Observations on snow leopards in Mongolia. In: J.L. Fox and Du Jizeng (eds). Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium. International Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle
- Smith, A.T., Formozov, N.A., Hoffmann, R.S., Zheng, C.-L. and Erbajeva, M.A. 1990. The pikas. In: J.A. Chapman and J.E.C. Flux, (eds). Rabbits, hares and pikas: status survey and conservation action plan. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. pp 14-60.
- W. Christopher Wozencraft: Status: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered
- Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, DC, USA. xviii + 1207. ISBN: 1-56098-217-9.
Notes
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Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 4, 2006.
- Cat Specialist Group 2002. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 20, 2008.
- Cat Specialist Group 2002. Uncia uncia. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org . Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 29, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 29, 2008:
- Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
- Field Museum: Mammal specimens
- University of Alaska Museum of the North: University of New Mexico Museum of Southwestern Biology Mammal Collection
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2478190
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-183811
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 183811
- IUCN ID: 22732
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: A041
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 10526
Footnotes
- Cat Specialist Group 2002. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 20, 2008. [back]
