Turdus migratorius

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Vegetation: tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine-oak forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest, second-growth forests and woodlands • Minimum Elevation: 1,200 meters • Maximum Elevation: 4,000 meters • Foraging Strata: Canopy • Center of Abundance: Middle montane: mountains, middle range, 1,600-2,600 m. • Sensitivity to Disturbance: Low

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,911 meters (0 to 9,551 feet).[1]

Ecology: List of Habitats :

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.4     Forest - Temperate   
  
•     1.6     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland   
  
•     1.9     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane   
  
•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.4     Shrubland - Temperate   
  
•     3.5     Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     3.6     Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.1     Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land   
  
•     14.3     Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations   
  
•     14.4     Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens   
  
•     14.5     Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas   
  
•     14.6     Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

Mostly: Fruit. Lesser Quantities of: Insects Worms.

Reproduction

The breeding season lasts from April through August. Cup-shaped nests are built 2-7 m (6-20 ft ) above ground in many types of trees and shrubs . A Robin's nest , usually constructed of woven grass , is distinguished by generous mud reinforcement. The female lays 4 - 5 light blue eggs , which she incubates for 13 days. Nestlings are altricial. Both the male and female feed the young birds, which fledge from the nest after 15 days.

• Breeding Habitat : Urban
• Nest Location: Mid-story/canopy nesting
• Nest Type: Open-cup
• Clutch Size: 3-4
• Length of Incubation : 12-14 days
• Days to Fledge: 14-16
• Number of Broods: 2, occasionally 3

Migration

Migratory

Behavior

The American Robin inhabits a wide variety of natural and human-modified areas, including forest edges , parks, and suburban towns. The Robin has a conspicuous style of foraging . It walks quickly along the ground , pausing frequently to scan the ground for prey , sometimes with its head angled to one side. Robins pull earthworms, insects, and insect larvae from the ground and glean berries from bushes.

Often seen walking, with an erect stance, across lawns in cities or towns. In winter, flocks may be seen in berry-bearing trees and bushes.

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 24-Jun-1996

Similar Species

Rufous-Backed Robin

Members of the genus Turdus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 108 species and subspecies in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

T. abyssinicus (Northern Olive Thrush) · T. abyssinicus abyssinicus (Northern Olive Thrush) · T. albicollis (White-Necked Thrush) · T. albicollis albicollis (White-Necked Thrush) · T. albocinctus (White-Collared Blackbird) · T. amaurochalinus (Creamy-Bellied Thrush) · T. assimilis (White-Throated Thrush) · T. assimilis assimilis (White-Throated Thrush) · T. aurantius (White-Chinned Thrush) · T. bewsheri (Comoros Thrush) · T. bewsheri bewsheri (Comoros Thrush) · T. boulboul (Gray-Winged Blackbird) · T. cardis (Japanese Grey Thrush) · T. cardis cardis (Japanese Grey Thrush) · T. celaenops (Seven Islands Thrush) · T. chiguanco (Chiguanco Thrush) · T. chiguanco chiguanco (Chiguanco Thrush) · T. chrysolaus (Brown Thrush) · T. chrysolaus chrysolaus (Brown-Headed Thrush) · T. dissimilis (Black-Breasted Thrush) · T. falcklandii (Austral Thrush) · T. falcklandii falcklandii (Austral Thrush) · T. feae (Gray-Sided Thrush) · T. flavipes (Yellow-Legged Thrush) · T. fulviventris (Chestnut-Bellied Thrush) · T. fumigatus (Cocoa Thrush) · T. fumigatus fumigatus (Cocoa Thrush) · T. fuscater (Great Thrush) · T. fuscater fuscater (Great Thrush) · T. grayi (Clay-Coloured Thrush) · T. grayi grayi (Clay-Coloured Thrush) · T. graysoni (Grayson's Thrush) · T. haplochrous (Unicoloured Thrush) · T. hauxwelli (Hauxwell's Thrush) · T. helleri (Taita Olive Thrush) · T. hortulorum (Gray-Backed Thrush) · T. ignobilis (Black-Billed Thrush) · T. iliacus (Red-Winged Thrush) · T. iliacus iliacus (Red-Winged Thrush) · T. infuscatus (Black Thrush) · T. jamaicensis (White-Eyed Thrush) · T. kessleri (White-Backed Thrush) · T. lawrencii (Lawrence's Thrush) · T. leucomelas (Pale-Breasted Thrush) · T. leucomelas leucomelas (Pale-Breasted Thrush) · T. leucops (Pale-Eyed Thrush) · T. lherminieri (Forest Thrush) · T. libonyanus (Kurrichane Thrush) · T. libonyanus libonyanus (Kurrichane Thrush) · T. ludoviciae (Somali Blackbird) · T. maculirostris (Ecuadorean Thrush) · T. maranonicus (Mara??n Thrush) · T. menachensis (Yemen Thrush) · T. merula (Eurasian Blackbird) · T. merula merula (Eurasian Blackbird) · T. migratorius (Rocky Mountain Robin) · T. migratorius achrusterus (American Robin) · T. migratorius migratorius (Robin) · T. migratorius propinquus (American Robin) · T. mupinensis (Mongolian Song Thrush) · T. naumanni (Naumann's Thrush) · T. naumanni naumanni (Naumann's Thrush) · T. nigrescens (Sooty Thrush) · T. nigriceps (Andean Slaty-Thrush) · T. nudigenis (Spectacled Thrush) · T. nudigenis nudigenis (American Bare-Eyed Thrush) · T. obscurus (Olive-Colored Thrush) · T. obscurus obscurus (Olive-Colored Thrush) · T. obsoletus (Pale-Vented Thrush) · T. obsoletus obsoletus (Pale-Vented Thrush) · T. olivaceofuscus (Gulf of Guinea Thrush) · T. olivaceofuscus olivaceofuscus (Gulf of Guinea Thrush) · T. olivaceus (Northern Olive Thrush) · T. olivaceus abyssinicus (Northern Olive Thrush) · T. olivaceus olivaceus (Olive Thrush) · T. olivater (Black-Hooded Thrush) · T. olivater olivater (Black-Hooded Thrush) · T. pallidus (Pale Thrush) · T. pelios (West African Thrush) · T. philomelos (Song Thrush) · T. philomelos philomelos (Song Thrush) · T. pilaris (Fieldfare) · T. plebejus (American Mountain Thrush) · T. plebejus plebejus (American Mountain Thrush) · T. plumbeus (Porto Rican Thrush) · T. plumbeus ardosiaceus (Red-Legged Thrush) · T. poliocephalus (Island Thrush) · T. poliocephalus poliocephalus (Guadalupe Rufous-Sided Towhee) · T. ravidus (Grand Cayman Thrush) · T. reevei (Plumbeous-Backed Thrush) · T. rubrocanus (Grey-Headed Thrush) · T. rubrocanus rubrocanus (Grey-Headed Thrush) · T. ruficollis (Black-Throated Thrush) · T. ruficollis ruficollis (Black-Throated Thrush) · T. rufitorques (Rufous-Collared Thrush) · T. rufiventris (Rufous-Bellied Thrush) · T. rufiventris rufiventris (Rufous-Bellied Thrush) · T. rufopalliatus (Rufous-Backed Thrush) · T. serranus (Glossy Black Thrush) · T. subalaris (Eastern Slaty Slaty Thrush)

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Further Reading

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• A distributional list of the birds of Arizona / Hollywood, Calif.: Cooper Ornithological Club, 1914. url .
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2009. Turdus migratorius. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 05February2012.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed February 2, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 19, 2007:

• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Royal British Columbia Museum
• New Brunswick Museum, NBM birds
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 4685
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-179765
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2487430
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 179759
• IUCN ID: 247645
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBJ20170
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 209

Footnotes

1. Mean = 28.860 meters (94.685 feet), Standard Deviation = 45.400 based on 133,482 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.