Overview
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Interesting Facts
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Common Names
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Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Dutch:
Roodborstlijster
Common Names in English:
American Robin, black-backed robin, Canada robin, Cape robin, Carolinian robin, common robin, Migratory thrush, northern robin, northwestern robin, Red-breasted thrush, redbreast, Robin redbreast, Rocky Mountain robin, San Lucas robin, southern robin, western robin
Common Names in French:
Merle américain / Merle migrateur, Merle D'am, merle d'Amérique, merle d'Amérique
Common Names in German:
Wanderdrossel
Common Names in Italian:
Merlo americano
Common Names in Japanese:
コマツグミ
Common Names in Spanish:
Mirlo americano, Mirlo primavera, RobÌn Americano
Common Names in Swedish:
Vandringstrast
Description
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Physical Description
Adult Female: Head : dark brownish gray Bill: yellow Body: Breast: chestnut orange Upperparts: dark brownish gray.Adult Male: Head: blackish Face : Eye Ring: broken , white Bill: yellow Neck: Throat : white with black stripes Body: Lower Belly: white Upper Belly: brick red Breast: brick red Upperparts: dark brownish gray Tail: black with white outer corners Undertail Coverts: white.
Color:
Well-known for its brick-red breast. Brown above with a dark head and a noticeable white eye-ring. The throat is mottled , and the belly is white. Females and young birds have a somewhat lighter grayish-brown breast and head, and young birds have a speckled, but still slightly reddish breast.
Size/Age/Growth
About 10 inches long, with a wingspan of 14 to 16 inches. Adults weigh about 2.7 ounces .
Habitat
Vegetation: tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine-oak forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest, second-growth forests and woodlands • Minimum Elevation: 1,200 meters • Maximum Elevation: 4,000 meters • Foraging Strata: Canopy • Center of Abundance: Middle montane: mountains, middle range, 1,600-2,600 m. • Sensitivity to Disturbance: Low
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,911 meters (0 to 9,551 feet).[1]
Ecology:
List of Habitats
:
- 1 Forest
- 1.4 Forest - Temperate
- 1.6 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland
- 1.9 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane
- 3 Shrubland
- 3.4 Shrubland - Temperate
- 3.5 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
- 3.6 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist
- 14 Artificial/Terrestrial
- 14.1 Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land
- 14.3 Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations
- 14.4 Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens
- 14.5 Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas
- 14.6 Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest [more info]
Biology
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Diet
Mostly: Fruit. Lesser Quantities of: Insects Worms.
Reproduction
The breeding season
lasts from April through August. Cup-shaped nests
are built 2-7 m
(6-20 ft
) above ground
in many types
of trees
and
shrubs
. A Robin's nest
, usually constructed of woven grass
, is distinguished
by generous mud
reinforcement. The female lays
4 - 5 light blue eggs
,
which she incubates for 13 days. Nestlings are altricial. Both the
male and female feed
the young birds, which fledge
from the nest
after 15 days.
- Breeding Habitat : Urban
- Nest Location: Mid-story/canopy nesting
- Nest Type: Open-cup
- Clutch Size: 3-4
- Length of Incubation : 12-14 days
- Days to Fledge: 14-16
- Number of Broods: 2, occasionally 3
Migration
Migratory
Behavior
The American Robin inhabits a wide variety of natural and human-modified
areas, including forest
edges
, parks, and suburban towns. The Robin
has a conspicuous
style of foraging
. It walks quickly along the ground
,
pausing frequently to scan the ground for prey
, sometimes with its
head
angled
to one side. Robins pull earthworms, insects, and insect
larvae from the ground and glean berries
from bushes.
Often seen walking, with an erect
stance, across lawns in cities
or towns. In winter, flocks may be seen in berry-bearing trees
and
bushes.
Taxonomy
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- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
()
- Goodrich, 1930
- Class:
Aves
()
- Linnaeus, 1758
- Subclass:
Avialae
()
- Gauthier, 1986
- Infraclass:
Aves
()
- (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
- Cohort:
Neognathae
()
- Pycraft, 1900
- Superorder:
Passerimorphae
()
- Sibley et al., 1988
- Order:
Passeriformes
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Suborder:
Passeres
()
- (C. Linnaeus, 1758) C. Linnaeus, 1766
- Superfamily:
Muscicapoidea
()
- Family:
Turdidae
()
- Subfamily:
Turdinae
()
- Tribe:
Cleomeae
()
- Genus:
Turdus
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Specific name:
migratorius
- Linnaeus 1766
- Form: ; Name Status: Accepted Name .
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- The sequence of plumages and moults of the passerine birds of New York / Jonathan Dwight. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1900. url p. 326.
- The summer birds of Yakutat Bay, Alaska / [Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology], 1939. url p. 25.
- The summer birds of the northeast shore of Lake Superior, Ontario / [Toronto]: Printed by the University of Toronto Press, 1943. url p. 17.
- The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation [by] Gordon Lynn Walls. Bloomfield Hills, Mich., Cranbrook Institute of Science, 1942 url p. 659.
- The world's birds a simple and popular classification of the birds of the world, by Frank Finn. With over 50 illustrations from photographs (mostly taken from living specimens) and outline figures in the text. London, Hutchinson & co., 1908. url p. 118, p. 118.
- Transactions - Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 144, p. 146.
- Transactions of Vassar Brothers Institute, and its Scientific Section. Poughkeepsie, N.Y.: Vassar Brothers Institute, [1883-1896]. url p. 52.
- Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: Geo. W. Martin url p. 106, p. 23.
- Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 20 1984 [San Diego]: The Society, 1905-1989. url p. 263, p. 273, p. 331.
- Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. [Madison]Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 1870/72- url p. 178.
- Travels and traditions of waterfowl. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press[1955] url p. 287.
- Trematodes of the Pacific Northwest, an annotated catalog [by] Ivan Pratt [and] James E. McCauley. Corvallis, Oregon State University Press[1961] url p. 22, p. 23.
- University of Kansas publications, Museum of Natural History. 10 1956 Lawrence, University of Kansas. url p. 105, p. 168, p. 257, p. 339, p. 396, p. 580, p. 609, p. 623, p. 625, p. 628, p. 647, p. 662, p. 693, p. 694, p. 701, p. 767.
- Walden, New York, C. E. Merrill co.[c1910] url p. 391, p. 412.
- Walden, or, Life in the woods, by Henry D. Thoreau, ed. for school use by James Cloyd Bowman. Chicago, Scott, Foresman and company[c1917] url p. 306, p. 340.
- Walden; New York, The Macmillan company, 1910. url p. 314, p. 376, p. 387.
- Washington State Coastal Zone Management Program amendment no. 3: approval of the Grays Harbor estuary management plan: program draft environmental impact statement. [Olympia, Wash.?]: Grays Harbor Regional Planning Commission; 1983. url p. 8.
- Waste-land wanderings / by Charles C. Abbott. New York; Harper & brothers, 1887. url p. 311.
- Waste-land wanderings. New York, Harper, 1887. url .
- Wood notes wild, notations of bird music; by Simeon Pease Cheney. .. Collected and arranged with appendix, notes, bibliography and general index, by John Vance Cheney. .. Boston, Lee and Shepard, 1892. url , p. 260.
- Zoologica; scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society. New York. url p. 15, p. 39.
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- Zoology. New YorkHolt1892 url .
- BirdLife International 2009. Turdus migratorius. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 05February2012.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed February 2, 2012.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Royal British Columbia Museum
- New Brunswick Museum, NBM birds
- Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-179765
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2487430
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 179759
- IUCN ID: 247645
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBJ20170
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 209
- Mean = 29.170 meters (95.702 feet), Standard Deviation = 50.470 based on 67,370 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
Last scrutiny: 24-Jun-1996Similar Species
[ Back to top ]Rufous-Backed Robin
Members of the genus Turdus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 108 species and subspecies in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
T. abyssinicus (Northern Olive Thrush) · T. abyssinicus abyssinicus (Northern Olive Thrush) · T. albicollis (White-Necked Thrush) · T. albicollis albicollis (White-Necked Thrush) · T. albocinctus (White-Collared Blackbird) · T. amaurochalinus (Creamy-Bellied Thrush) · T. assimilis (White-Throated Thrush) · T. assimilis assimilis (White-Throated Thrush) · T. aurantius (White-Chinned Thrush) · T. bewsheri (Comoros Thrush) · T. bewsheri bewsheri (Comoros Thrush) · T. boulboul (Gray-Winged Blackbird) · T. cardis (Japanese Grey Thrush) · T. cardis cardis (Japanese Grey Thrush) · T. celaenops (Seven Islands Thrush) · T. chiguanco (Chiguanco Thrush) · T. chiguanco chiguanco (Chiguanco Thrush) · T. chrysolaus (Brown Thrush) · T. chrysolaus chrysolaus (Brown-Headed Thrush) · T. dissimilis (Black-Breasted Thrush) · T. falcklandii (Austral Thrush) · T. falcklandii falcklandii (Austral Thrush) · T. feae (Gray-Sided Thrush) · T. flavipes (Yellow-Legged Thrush) · T. fulviventris (Chestnut-Bellied Thrush) · T. fumigatus (Cocoa Thrush) · T. fumigatus fumigatus (Cocoa Thrush) · T. fuscater (Great Thrush) · T. fuscater fuscater (Great Thrush) · T. grayi (Clay-Coloured Thrush) · T. grayi grayi (Clay-Coloured Thrush) · T. graysoni (Grayson's Thrush) · T. haplochrous (Unicoloured Thrush) · T. hauxwelli (Hauxwell's Thrush) · T. helleri (Taita Olive Thrush) · T. hortulorum (Gray-Backed Thrush) · T. ignobilis (Black-Billed Thrush) · T. iliacus (Red-Winged Thrush) · T. iliacus iliacus (Red-Winged Thrush) · T. infuscatus (Black Thrush) · T. jamaicensis (White-Eyed Thrush) · T. kessleri (White-Backed Thrush) · T. lawrencii (Lawrence's Thrush) · T. leucomelas (Pale-Breasted Thrush) · T. leucomelas leucomelas (Pale-Breasted Thrush) · T. leucops (Pale-Eyed Thrush) · T. lherminieri (Forest Thrush) · T. libonyanus (Kurrichane Thrush) · T. libonyanus libonyanus (Kurrichane Thrush) · T. ludoviciae (Somali Blackbird) · T. maculirostris (Ecuadorean Thrush) · T. maranonicus (Mara??n Thrush) · T. menachensis (Yemen Thrush) · T. merula (Eurasian Blackbird) · T. merula merula (Eurasian Blackbird) · T. migratorius (Rocky Mountain Robin) · T. migratorius achrusterus (American Robin) · T. migratorius migratorius (Robin) · T. migratorius propinquus (American Robin) · T. mupinensis (Mongolian Song Thrush) · T. naumanni (Naumann's Thrush) · T. naumanni naumanni (Naumann's Thrush) · T. nigrescens (Sooty Thrush) · T. nigriceps (Andean Slaty-Thrush) · T. nudigenis (Spectacled Thrush) · T. nudigenis nudigenis (American Bare-Eyed Thrush) · T. obscurus (Olive-Colored Thrush) · T. obscurus obscurus (Olive-Colored Thrush) · T. obsoletus (Pale-Vented Thrush) · T. obsoletus obsoletus (Pale-Vented Thrush) · T. olivaceofuscus (Gulf of Guinea Thrush) · T. olivaceofuscus olivaceofuscus (Gulf of Guinea Thrush) · T. olivaceus (Northern Olive Thrush) · T. olivaceus abyssinicus (Northern Olive Thrush) · T. olivaceus olivaceus (Olive Thrush) · T. olivater (Black-Hooded Thrush) · T. olivater olivater (Black-Hooded Thrush) · T. pallidus (Pale Thrush) · T. pelios (West African Thrush) · T. philomelos (Song Thrush) · T. philomelos philomelos (Song Thrush) · T. pilaris (Fieldfare) · T. plebejus (American Mountain Thrush) · T. plebejus plebejus (American Mountain Thrush) · T. plumbeus (Porto Rican Thrush) · T. plumbeus ardosiaceus (Red-Legged Thrush) · T. poliocephalus (Island Thrush) · T. poliocephalus poliocephalus (Guadalupe Rufous-Sided Towhee) · T. ravidus (Grand Cayman Thrush) · T. reevei (Plumbeous-Backed Thrush) · T. rubrocanus (Grey-Headed Thrush) · T. rubrocanus rubrocanus (Grey-Headed Thrush) · T. ruficollis (Black-Throated Thrush) · T. ruficollis ruficollis (Black-Throated Thrush) · T. rufitorques (Rufous-Collared Thrush) · T. rufiventris (Rufous-Bellied Thrush) · T. rufiventris rufiventris (Rufous-Bellied Thrush) · T. rufopalliatus (Rufous-Backed Thrush) · T. serranus (Glossy Black Thrush) · T. subalaris (Eastern Slaty Slaty Thrush)
More Info
[ Back to top ]Further Reading
[ Back to top ]Notes
[ Back to top ]Contributors
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 19, 2007:
Identifiers
Footnotes
- Specific name:
migratorius
- Linnaeus 1766
- Genus:
Turdus
(
- Tribe:
Cleomeae
(
- Subfamily:
Turdinae
(
- Family:
Turdidae
(
- Superfamily:
Muscicapoidea
(
- Suborder:
Passeres
(
- Order:
Passeriformes
(
- Superorder:
Passerimorphae
(
- Cohort:
Neognathae
(
- Infraclass:
Aves
(
- Subclass:
Avialae
(
- Class:
Aves
(
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Last Revised: 5/21/2012
