Turdus leucomelas

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

Vegetation: tropical lowland evergreen forest, tropical deciduous forests, gallery forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest, second-growth forests and woodlands • Maximum Elevation: 1,800 meters • Foraging Strata: Canopy • Center of Abundance: Lower tropical: lowlands, lower than 500 m.; tropics. • Sensitivity to Disturbance: Low

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,943 meters (0 to 6,375 feet).[1]

Ecology: List of Habitats :

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.5     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     1.6     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland   
  
•     2     Savanna   
  
•     2.1     Savanna - Dry   
  
•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.5     Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     3.6     Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.1     Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land   
  
•     14.3     Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations   
  
•     14.4     Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens   
  
•     14.5     Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas   
  
•     14.6     Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest   
[more info]

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001

Similar Species

Members of the genus Turdus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 108 species and subspecies in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

T. abyssinicus (Northern Olive Thrush) · T. abyssinicus abyssinicus (Northern Olive Thrush) · T. albicollis (White-Necked Thrush) · T. albicollis albicollis (White-Necked Thrush) · T. albocinctus (White-Collared Blackbird) · T. amaurochalinus (Creamy-Bellied Thrush) · T. assimilis (White-Throated Thrush) · T. assimilis assimilis (White-Throated Thrush) · T. aurantius (White-Chinned Thrush) · T. bewsheri (Comoros Thrush) · T. bewsheri bewsheri (Comoros Thrush) · T. boulboul (Gray-Winged Blackbird) · T. cardis (Japanese Grey Thrush) · T. cardis cardis (Japanese Grey Thrush) · T. celaenops (Seven Islands Thrush) · T. chiguanco (Chiguanco Thrush) · T. chiguanco chiguanco (Chiguanco Thrush) · T. chrysolaus (Brown Thrush) · T. chrysolaus chrysolaus (Brown-Headed Thrush) · T. dissimilis (Black-Breasted Thrush) · T. falcklandii (Austral Thrush) · T. falcklandii falcklandii (Austral Thrush) · T. feae (Gray-Sided Thrush) · T. flavipes (Yellow-Legged Thrush) · T. fulviventris (Chestnut-Bellied Thrush) · T. fumigatus (Cocoa Thrush) · T. fumigatus fumigatus (Cocoa Thrush) · T. fuscater (Great Thrush) · T. fuscater fuscater (Great Thrush) · T. grayi (Clay-Coloured Thrush) · T. grayi grayi (Clay-Coloured Thrush) · T. graysoni (Grayson's Thrush) · T. haplochrous (Unicoloured Thrush) · T. hauxwelli (Hauxwell's Thrush) · T. helleri (Taita Olive Thrush) · T. hortulorum (Gray-Backed Thrush) · T. ignobilis (Black-Billed Thrush) · T. iliacus (Red-Winged Thrush) · T. iliacus iliacus (Red-Winged Thrush) · T. infuscatus (Black Thrush) · T. jamaicensis (White-Eyed Thrush) · T. kessleri (White-Backed Thrush) · T. lawrencii (Lawrence's Thrush) · T. leucomelas (Pale-Breasted Thrush) · T. leucomelas leucomelas (Pale-Breasted Thrush) · T. leucops (Pale-Eyed Thrush) · T. lherminieri (Forest Thrush) · T. libonyanus (Kurrichane Thrush) · T. libonyanus libonyanus (Kurrichane Thrush) · T. ludoviciae (Somali Blackbird) · T. maculirostris (Ecuadorean Thrush) · T. maranonicus (Mara??n Thrush) · T. menachensis (Yemen Thrush) · T. merula (Eurasian Blackbird) · T. merula merula (Eurasian Blackbird) · T. migratorius (Rocky Mountain Robin) · T. migratorius achrusterus (American Robin) · T. migratorius migratorius (Robin) · T. migratorius propinquus (American Robin) · T. mupinensis (Mongolian Song Thrush) · T. naumanni (Naumann's Thrush) · T. naumanni naumanni (Naumann's Thrush) · T. nigrescens (Sooty Thrush) · T. nigriceps (Andean Slaty-Thrush) · T. nudigenis (Spectacled Thrush) · T. nudigenis nudigenis (American Bare-Eyed Thrush) · T. obscurus (Olive-Colored Thrush) · T. obscurus obscurus (Olive-Colored Thrush) · T. obsoletus (Pale-Vented Thrush) · T. obsoletus obsoletus (Pale-Vented Thrush) · T. olivaceofuscus (Gulf of Guinea Thrush) · T. olivaceofuscus olivaceofuscus (Gulf of Guinea Thrush) · T. olivaceus (Northern Olive Thrush) · T. olivaceus abyssinicus (Northern Olive Thrush) · T. olivaceus olivaceus (Olive Thrush) · T. olivater (Black-Hooded Thrush) · T. olivater olivater (Black-Hooded Thrush) · T. pallidus (Pale Thrush) · T. pelios (West African Thrush) · T. philomelos (Song Thrush) · T. philomelos philomelos (Song Thrush) · T. pilaris (Fieldfare) · T. plebejus (American Mountain Thrush) · T. plebejus plebejus (American Mountain Thrush) · T. plumbeus (Porto Rican Thrush) · T. plumbeus ardosiaceus (Red-Legged Thrush) · T. poliocephalus (Island Thrush) · T. poliocephalus poliocephalus (Guadalupe Rufous-Sided Towhee) · T. ravidus (Grand Cayman Thrush) · T. reevei (Plumbeous-Backed Thrush) · T. rubrocanus (Grey-Headed Thrush) · T. rubrocanus rubrocanus (Grey-Headed Thrush) · T. ruficollis (Black-Throated Thrush) · T. ruficollis ruficollis (Black-Throated Thrush) · T. rufitorques (Rufous-Collared Thrush) · T. rufiventris (Rufous-Bellied Thrush) · T. rufiventris rufiventris (Rufous-Bellied Thrush) · T. rufopalliatus (Rufous-Backed Thrush) · T. serranus (Glossy Black Thrush) · T. subalaris (Eastern Slaty Slaty Thrush)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A List of birds' eggs in the collection of Mr. William Stoate, Wembdon, Bridgewater. [188-?] url p. 14.
• A catalogue of the collection of birds formed by the late Hugh Edwin Strickland. Cambridge, Univ. Press, 1882. url p. 3.
• A contribution to the ornithology of northeastern Brazil, by Charles E. Hellmayr. 12 1929 Chicago, 1929. url p. 249.
• Argentine ornithology. A descriptive catalogue of the birds of the Argentine Republic. By P. L. Sclater. .. With notes on their habits by W. H. Hudson. .. London: R. H. Porter, 1888-89. url , .
• Biologia centrali-americana: Aves / [London: R.H. Porter], 1879-1904. url .
• Birds of La Plata / London: E. P. Dutton, 1920. url .
• Birds of La Plata, by W. H. Hudson, with twenty-two coloured illustrations by H. Gronvold. .. London [etc.]: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1920. url , , p. xiii.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 208, p. 253.
• Bulletin / Peabody Museum of Natural History. 1971 New Haven: Peabody Museum of Natural History, url p. 187, p. 187.
• Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. Cambridge, Mass.: The Club, [1876-1883] url p. 85.
• Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. by Charles E. Hellmayr. 13 1934 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1934. url p. 380, p. 384, p. 392, p. 394, p. 397, p. 399.
• Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. London, 1874-98. url p. 213.
• Catalogue of the collection of birds' eggs in the British Museum (Natural History) London, Printed by order of the Trustees, 1901-12. url p. 106.
• Check-list of birds of the world. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1931-1987. url p. 215, p. 216.
• Exotic ornithology: containing figures and descriptions of new or rare species of American birds / 1869 London: Bernard Quaritch, 1869. url p. 141, p. 145, p. 147.
• Favorite foreign birds for cages and aviaries. London, L. Upcott Gill[1891] url p. 86.
• Foreign birds for cage and aviary. By Arthur G. Butler London, "The Feathered world"[191-?] url p. 13.
• Ibis. [London]Published for the British Ornithologists' Union by Academic Press. url p. 122, p. 167, p. 302, p. 462, p. 510, p. 611, p. 82.
• List of the vertebrated animals now or lately living in the gardens of the Zoological Society of London. London: Printed for the Society, 1896. url p. 217, p. 217.
• Nature. London, Macmillan. url p. 116.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 241, p. 518, p. 532, p. 554, p. 571, p. 580, p. 635, p. 645, p. 652.
• Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement. Leyden, Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie. url p. 233.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 106 1947 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 10.
• The Auk. Washington, D.C.: American Ornithologists' Union, etc., 1884- url p. 225, p. 225.
• The birds of Chile, by Charles E. Hellmayr. 19 1932 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1932. url p. 29.
• The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. .. during the years 1832-1836. London, Smith, Elder & Co., 1838- url p. 59.

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• BirdLife International 2009. Turdus leucomelas. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 05February2012.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed February 2, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 04, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Parker III, T.A., D.F. Stotz, and J.W. Fitzpatrick, "Ecological and Distributional Databases for Neotropical Birds," in Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation, by D.F. Stotz, T.A. Parker III, J.W. Fitzpatrick, and D.K. Moskovits (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). ISBN 0-226-64676-9.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 04, 2008:

• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 4667
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-563589
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13850994
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 563589
• IUCN ID: 247636
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 152944

Footnotes

1. Mean = 376.970 meters (1,236.778 feet), Standard Deviation = 395.990 based on 62 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.