Trachurus declivis

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Family : Jacks and pompanos ; Commonly found near the bottom , in midwater and occasionally at the surface[1] in continental shelf waters[2]. They form pelagic schools for most of the year but may move close to the sea bed during winter[3]. Generally found at less than 300 m water depth with temperature less than 16� C[4]. Juveniles inhabit coastal and estuarine waters although they may sometimes be found offshore[2]. Feed mostly during the day mainly on krill and other planktonic crustaceans, light fish (Sternoptychidae) and lantern fish (Myctophidae) at the edge of the continental shelf[5].

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Carangidae

Chiefly marine ; rarely brackish . Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Body generally compressed , although body shape extremely variable from very deep to fusiform . Most species with only small cycloid scales . Scales along lateral line often modified into spiny scutes . Detached finlets , as many as nine, sometimes found behind dorsal and anal fins. Large juveniles and adults with 2 dorsal fins. Anterior dorsal fin with 3-9 spines; the second having 1 spine and usually 18-37 soft rays . Anal spines usually 3, the first 2 separate from the rest; soft rays usually 15-31. Widely forked caudal fin . Caudal peduncle slender. Pelvic fins lacking in Parona signata. Vertebrae 24-27 (modally 24). Fast swimming predators of the waters above the reef and in the open sea . Some root in sand for invertebrates and fishes . One of the most important families of tropical marine fishes; fished commercially and for recreation.The family Carangidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and the Order Perciformes. It contains 33 genera and 140 species. It may be found in Marine and Brackish environments and is primarily Marine. Members of this family are not used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is carangiform . Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be active . Members of this family have been dated back to the lower Eocene epoch of the Tertiary period. Etymology of this family name : French, carangue = name of fish given in Caribe.1836

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,659 meters (0 to 5,443 feet).[6]

Biome: Brackish water, saltwater . Benthopelagic.

Taxonomy

Ambiguous Synonyms

1. Trachurus mccullochi (Non Nichols, 1920)

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Caranx declivis Jenyns, 1841

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Group expert : Smith-Vaniz W.F., Data last modified by FishBase 08-Nov-1994

Similar Species

Members of the genus Trachurus

There are approximately 57 species in this genus:

T. murphyi · T. aleevi · T. aliciolus · T. argenteus · T. boops · T. capensis (Cape Horse Mackerel) · T. clupeoides · T. cordyla · T. cuvieri · T. declivis (Greenback Horse Mackerel) · T. delagoa (African Maasbanker) · T. europaeus · T. fallax · T. fasciatus · T. imperialis · T. indicus (Arabian Scad) · T. japonicus (Japanese Horse Mackerel) · T. lathami (Jack Mackerel) · T. longimanus (Indian Ocean Scad) · T. lusitanicus · T. maximus · T. declivis · T. mediterraneus (Mediterranean Horse Mackerel) · T. mediterraneus indicus (Arabian Scad) · T. mediterraneus mediterraneus (Mediterranean Horse Mackerel) · T. mediterraneus ponticus · T. mediterranus · T. melanosaurus · T. murphyi (Inbetween Cardinalfish) · T. murphyi nichols (Chilean Jack Mackerel) · T. novae-zelandiae · T. novaezelandiae (Yellowtail Horse Mackerel) · T. novazelandiae · T. ovatus · T. phenax · T. picturatus (Blue Jack Mackerel) · T. picturatus aleevi · T. picturatus australis · T. picturatus autralis · T. picturatus murphyi · T. picturatus symmetricus · T. rissoi · T. saurus · T. spp · T. squamosus · T. symetricus · T. symmetricus (Pacific Jack Mackerel) · T. symmetricus murphyi · T. symmetricus symmetricus · T. tracharus · T. trachurus (Atlantic Hookear Sculpin) · T. trachurus capensis · T. trachurus trachurus · T. trachurus trecae · T. trecae (Cunene Horse Mackerel) · T. villosus · T. vulgaris

More Info

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• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• Fisheries: Zoological results of the fishing experiments carried out by F.I.S. "Endeavor" 1909-10 under H.C. Dannevig, / Commonwealth Director of Fisheries. Sydney: Published by Direction of the Ministers for Trade and Customs, Hon. Frank Gwynne Tudor and Hon. Littleton E. Groom, 1911- ENG url p. 123, p. 125, p. 79.
• Fishery bulletin / U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service: ENG url p. 275, p. 409, p. 413, p. 93.
• Fishery bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, The Service, U.S. Govt Print. Off. ENG url p. 183.
• Fishes of Australia: a popular and systematic guide to the study of the wealth within our waters, by David G. Stead. With ten full-page plates and eighty-eight illustrations in the text. Sydney, W. Brooks & Co., 1906. ENG url p. 277.
• Francis, M. P. (1993). Checklist of the coastal fishes of Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Pac. Sci. 47(2):136-170.
• Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve (1993). Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p.
• Ontogeny and systematics of fishes: based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom / sponsored by the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Dept. of Commer [New York?]: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, c1984. ENG url p. 513.
• Papers and proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania. Hobart, Tasmania, The Society. ENG url p. 67.
• Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan (1989). New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia] ENG url p. 260.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. ENG url p. 358, p. 383.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 358.
• Records of the Australian Museum. Sydney, Australian Museum. ENG url p. 211, p. 232.
• The edible fishes of New South Wales: their present importance and their potentialities. By David G. Stead. With 81 plates and 1 map. [Sydney, ]Pub. by authority of the government of the State of New South Wales, 1908. ENG url p. 86.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 10, 2006.
• FishBase
• FishBase 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 25, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
• Smith-Vaniz, William F. (from FishBase).

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 05, 2008:

• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Bureau of Rural Sciences National commercial fisheries half-degree data set 2000-2002 (OBIS Australia)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: CSIRO Marine Data Warehouse (OBIS Australia)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: HMAP-History pf Marine Animal Populations (CoML)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: South Western Pacific Regional OBIS Data provider for the NIWA Marine Biodata Information System
• OZCAM (Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums) Provider: Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
• Royal Ontario Museum: Fish specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3859132
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-22968
• Fishbase Species ID: 372
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13744710
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 168596
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 126770

Footnotes

1. Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul, Editors. (1994). Guide book to New Zealand commercial fish species. Revised edition. New Zealand Fishing Industry Board, Wellington, New Zealand. 216 p. [back]
2. Williams, H. and G. Pullen (1986). A synopsis of biological data on the jack mackerel Trachurus declivis Jenyns. Tasmanian Department of Sea Fisheries Technical Report 10. 34 p. [back]
3. Webb, B.F. (1976). Aspects of the biology of jack mackerel Trachurus declivis (Jenyns) from southeast Australian waters. Tasmanian Fish. Res. 10(1):1-17. [back]
4. Annala, J.H. (comp.) (1994). Report from the Fishery Assessment Plenary, May 1994: stock assessments and yield estimates. Unpublished report held in MAF Fisheries Greta Point library, Wellington. 242 p. [back]
5. Maxwell, J.G.H. (1979). Jack mackerel. CSIRO Division of Fisheries and Oceanography, Fishery Siatuation Report 4. 18 p. [back]
6. Mean = -96.030 meters (-315.059 feet), Standard Deviation = 693.310 based on 1,365 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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