Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Czech:
Elektrick, Elektrický rejnok hřebenatý, Parejnok Panterov, Parejnok panterový
Common Names in Dutch:
Luipaardsidderrog
Common Names in English:
Leopard torpedo, Panther electric ray
Common Names in French:
Torpille Panth
Common Names in Mandarin Chinese:
魔电鳐, 魔電鰩
Description
Habitat
Found on mud or sandy bottoms , from shallow water to a depth of 100 m [1].
Typically found in water with a depth of 0 to -2,606 meters (0 to -8,550 feet).[2]
Biome: Marine .
Ecology:
Recorded on muddy and sandy bottoms
of the continental shelf to depths
of ~110 m.
Very little known of the habitat
and biology
of this species.
Reaches
~110 cm TL
. Male T. panthera reaches sexual maturity
before 28.1 cm TL when its claspers
become completely calcified.
No information is known from female T. panthera (Carvalho
et al.
2002).
Life history
parameters
Age at maturity (years): Unknown.
Size
at maturity (total length): Unknown (female); at least before
28.1 cm TL (male).
Longevity
(years): Unknown.
Maximum size (total length): ~110 cm TL.
Size
at birth (cm): Unknown.
Average reproductive
age (years): Unknown.
Gestation
time
(months): Unknown.
Reproductive periodicity:
Unknown.
Average annual
fecundity
or litter size
:
Unknown.
Annual rate of population increase:
Unknown.
Natural mortality: Unknown. (Ref.
311254).
List of Habitats:
- 10 Marine Oceanic
- 10.1 Marine Oceanic - Epipelagic (0-200m) [more info]
Biology
Reproduction
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Subclass:
Elasmobranchii
()
- Infraclass:
Euselachii
()
- Cohort:
Neoselachii
()
- Superorder:
Batoidea
()
- Order:
Rajiformes
()
- Family:
Torpedinidae
()
- Subfamily:
Torpedininae
()
- Genus:
Torpedo
()
- Carvalho, Stehmann & Manilo, 2002
- Specific name:
panthera
- Olfers, 1831
- Scientific name: - Torpedo panthera Olfers, 1831
- Specific name:
panthera
- Olfers, 1831
- Genus:
Torpedo
(
- Subfamily:
Torpedininae
(
- Family:
Torpedinidae
(
- Order:
Rajiformes
(
- Superorder:
Batoidea
(
- Cohort:
Neoselachii
(
- Infraclass:
Euselachii
(
- Subclass:
Elasmobranchii
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Synonyms
Torpedo (Torpedo) panthera Olfers 1831 • Torpedo panthera von Olfers 1831
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: Data
last modified by FishBase 18-Oct-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Torpedo
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 23 species and subspecies in this genus:
T. adenensis (Aden Gulf Torpedo) · T. alexandrinsis (Alexandrine Torpedo) · T. andersoni (Florida Torpedo) · T. bauchotae (Rosette Torpedo) · T. californica (Pacific Electric Ray) · T. fairchildi (New Zealand Electric Ray) · T. formosa (Taiwan Torpedo Ray) · T. fuscomaculata (Blackspotted Electric Ray) · T. mackayana (West African Torpedo Ray) · T. macneilli (Short-Tail Torpedo Ray) · T. marmorata (Common Crampfish) · T. microdiscus (Smalldisk Torpedo) · T. nobiliana (Great Torpedo Ray) · T. panthera (Panther Electric Ray) · T. peruana (Peruvian Torpedo) · T. puelcha (Argentine Torpedo) · T. semipelagica (Semipelagic Torpedo) · T. sinuspersici (Variable Torpedo Ray) · T. suessii (Orange-Spotted Toadfish) · T. tokionis (Trapezoid Torpedo) · T. torpedo (Ocellated Tonguefish) · T. tremens (Torpedo Electric Ray) · T. tremens peruana (Peruvian Torpedo)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Anonymous. 2004. Report on the implementation of the UN FAO International Plan of Action for Sharks (IPOA?Sharks). AC20 Inf. 5. Twentieth meeting of the CITES Animals Committee, Johannesburg (South Africa), 29 March?2 April 2004.
- Cadenat, J., C. Capapéand M. Desoutter (1978). Description d'un torpedinidae nouveau des c&ocirc;tes occidentales d'Afrique: Torpedo (Torpedo) bauchotae (Torpediniformes, Pisces). Cybium 4:29-42
- De Carvalho, M.R., Stehmann, M.F.W. and Manilo, L.G. 2002. Torpedo adenensis, a new species of electric ray from the Gulf of Aden, with comments on nominal species of Torpedo from the Western Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and adjacent area (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae). American Museum Novitates. 3369:1?34.
- Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, no. 1, vol 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, USA. 2905. ISBN: 0-940228-47-5.
- IUCN SSC Shark Specialist Group. Specialist Group website. Available at: http://www.iucnssg.org/.
- IUCN. 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 04 May 2006.
- Kapoor, D., R. Dayal and A.G. Ponniah (2002). Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, India.775 p.
- Randall, J.E. (1995). Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p.
- Shark Specialist Group. For more information, see the Specialist Group website.
- Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers (1996). FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome. 376 p.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.
- Carvalho, Marcelo (from FishBase).
- FishBase. Release date: January 5, 2010
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 29, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- de Carvalho, M.R. & McCord, M.E. 2006. Torpedo panthera. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 05February2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 29, 2008:
- FishBase: FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
- Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
- Museum national d'histoire naturelle: Ichtyologie
- Senckenberg: Collection Pisces
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 139999
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-61240
- Fishbase Species ID: 27060
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 564311
- IUCN ID: 246690
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 126681
Footnotes
- Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers (1996). FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome. 376 p. [back]
- Mean = -565.670 meters (-1,855.873 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,125.510 based on 6 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
- Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds (1997). Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 264:1309-1315. [back]
