Overview
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Family : Snake mackerels ; Inhabit continental shelves or around islands. Feed on pelagic crustaceans ( Euphausia , Nyctiphanes ), cephalopods and fishes [1] like anchovy and pilchard[2]. Form schools near the bottom or midwater ; sometimes even at the surface at night[1]. Prefers temperature between 13¦ and 18¦C[2]. Marketed fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; eaten fried, broiled, microwaved and baked[3]. Good for fish and chips or smoking; also made into fillet or fish cake in Japan[1].
Common Names
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Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Afrikaans:
Snoek
Common Names in Danish:
Almindelig Slangemakrel
Common Names in English:
Atún, Atun, Barracouta, Barracuda, Couta, Gemfish, Sea Pike, Snake Mackerel, Snoek
Common Names in French:
Barracouda, Barracouta, Escolier
Common Names in German:
Atun
Common Names in Japanese:
Barakuta, Ooshibi-Kamasu
Common Names in Mandarin Chinese:
杖蛇鯖(杖魚), 滑蛇鯖, æ–蛇鯖(æ–éš), æ–蛇é²(æ–é±¼), 滑蛇鯖, 滑蛇é²
Common Names in Maori:
Mangaa
Common Names in Polish:
Atún, Atún
Common Names in Portuguese:
Escolar Atum, Escolarinho, Senuca
Common Names in Rumanian:
Tirsita, Snec, Tirsita
Common Names in Russian:
атун, барракута, снэк, атун, барракута, ÑнÑк, Snek
Common Names in Spanish:
Pez Sierra, Sierra, Sierra Comun
Description
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Family Gempylidae
Usually found in very deep waters . Distribution: tropical and subtropical seas . Body elongate ; compressed . Exposed maxilla. Usually with isolated finlets after anal and dorsal fins. Pectoral fin inserted low on body. Pelvic fins lacking or very small. Caudal fin present.The family Gempylidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes ) and the Order Perciformes. It contains 16 genera and 23 species. It may be found in Marine environments and is primarily Marine. Members of this family are not used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is subcarangiform. Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be normal. Members of this family have been dated back to the Eocene epoch of the Tertiary period. Etymology of this family name : Greek, gempylos = a kind of fish
Habitat
Biome: Brackish water, saltwater . Benthopelagic.
Taxonomy
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- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- Auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Bony Fishes
- Class:
Actinopterygii
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Ray-Finned Fishes
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
()
- Ray-Finned Fishes
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
()
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
()
- Superorder:
Acanthopterygii
()
- Order:
Perciformes
()
-
- Suborder:
Scombroidei
()
- Family:
Gempylidae
()
- Snake Mackerels
- Genus:
Thyrsites
()
- (Euphrasen, 1791)
- Specific name:
atun
- (Euphrasen, 1791)
- Scientific name: - Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen, 1791)
- Specific name:
atun
- (Euphrasen, 1791)
- Genus:
Thyrsites
(
- Family:
Gempylidae
(
- Suborder:
Scombroidei
(
- Order:
Perciformes
(
- Superorder:
Acanthopterygii
(
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
(
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
(
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
(
- Class:
Actinopterygii
(
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Ambiguous Synonyms
- Scomber splendens Richardson, 1843
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Leionura atun dentatus (Forster, 1801)
- Leionura atun (Euphrasen, 1791)
- Scomber atun Euphrasen, 1791
- Scomber dentatus Forster, 1801
- Scomber dentex Forster, 1843
- Scomber lanceolatus Cuvier, 1832
- Thyrsites altivelis Richardson, 1839
- Thyrsites chilensis Cuvier, 1832
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Group expert : Parin N.V., Data last modified by FishBase 22-Feb-1994
Similar Species
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Members of the genus Thyrsites
There are approximately 15 species in this genus:
T. acanthoderma · T. altivelis · T. atum · T. atun (Snake Mackerel) · T. bengalensis · T. chilensis · T. garreti · T. lepidopoides · T. micropus · T. niger · T. pretiosus · T. prometheoides · T. prometheus · T. scholaris · T. solandri
More Info
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- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
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- Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 159, p. 593.
- Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum [etc.] GER url p. 37.
- Annals and magazine of natural history: including zoology, botany and geology London. url p. 310.
- Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 339.
- Bianchi, G. (1986). Fichas FAO de identifacao de espécies para propósitos comerciais. Guia de campo para as espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Angola. Preparado com o apoio da NORAD e da FAO (FIRM) Programa Regular, FAO, Rome. 184 p.
- Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Washington, The Commission, Govt. Print. Off. ENG url p. 54.
- Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum / by Albert G [Tokyo?]: Kagaku Kisho Hakkokai, Shwa 13 [1938]. ENG url p. 350, p. 527.
- Catalogue of the fishes in the Museum / by A. Günther London, 1860. ENG url p. 350, p. 527.
- Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition, 1901-1903, im Auftrage des Reichsamtes des Innern, hrsg. von Erich von Drygalski. Berlin, G. Reimer, 1905-1931. GER url p. 204, p. 205, p. 208.
- Discovery reports. London; Cambridge University Press. ENG url p. 140, p. 144, p. 274, p. 340, p. 347, p. 348, p. 349, p. 380, p. 387, p. 96, p. 97.
- Field book of giant fishes, by J. R. Norman and F. C. Fraser. With 8 plates in full color and over 100 drawings by W. P. C. Tenison. New York, G. P. Putnam[1949] ENG url p. 139.
- Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga (1990). Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salob
- Fisheries: Zoological results of the fishing experiments carried out by F.I.S. "Endeavor" 1909-10 under H.C. Dannevig, / Commonwealth Director of Fisheries. Sydney: Published by Direction of the Ministers for Trade and Customs, Hon. Frank Gwynne Tudor and Hon. Littleton E. Groom, 1911- ENG url p. 80.
- Fishery bulletin / U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service: ENG url p. 654, p. 690, p. 695, p. 696, p. 697, p. 698, p. 700, p. 701, p. 702, p. 703, p. 704, p. 705, p. 708, p. 709, p. 885, p. 891.
- Fishery circular / U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries. [Washington]: The Bureau, 1931-1939. ENG url p. 32.
- Fishes of Australia: a popular and systematic guide to the study of the wealth within our waters, by David G. Stead. With ten full-page plates and eighty-eight illustrations in the text. Sydney, W. Brooks & Co., 1906. ENG url p. 166, p. 167, p. 264.
- Fishes of the world, by Edouard Le Danois, with the collaboration of Jacques Millot, Theodore Monod [and] Paul Budker. With 80 photogravure plates, 30 colour photos., and text illus. Woodstock, Vt., Countryman Press[1957] ENG url p. 189.
- General embryological information service. Utrecht, Hubrecht Laboratory. ENG url p. 48, p. 69.
- Histoire naturelle des poissons, par M. le B.on Cuvier et par M. Valenciennes. Paris, Chez F. G. Levrault; [etc., etc.]1828-49. FRE url p. 196.
- Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve (1993). Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p.
- Marine investigations in South Africa. Cape Town, W.A. Richards & Sons. ENG url p. 124.
- Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1866- ENG url p. 102, p. 94, p. 97.
- Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe, par M. le comte F. de Castelnau. Paris, J.-B. Baillière et fils;1861. FRE url p. 42.
- Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin (1993). FAO species catalogue. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (Families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). FAO Fish. Synop. 15(125):136 p.
- Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin 1997. Snake Mackerels and Cutlassfishes of the world (Families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae): An annotated and illustrated catalogue of snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes, scabbardfishes, hairtails. FAO Fisheries Synopsis (125), vol. 15. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy.
- Nakamura, I., and N. V. Parin 1993. Snake Mackerels and Cutlassfishes of the World (Families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae): An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of the Snake Mackerels, Snoeks, Escolars, Gemfishes, Sackfishes, Domine, Oilfish, Cutlassfishes, Scabbardfishes, Hairtails. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, no. 125, vol. 15. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy. vii + 136. ISBN: 92-5-103124-X.
- Ontogeny and systematics of fishes: based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom / sponsored by the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Dept. of Commer [New York?]: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, c1984. ENG url p. 596.
- Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. Melbourne: The Society, 1889- ENG url p. 23.
- Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 139, p. 419, p. 424, p. 663.
- Protozoology. Springfield, Ill., C. C. Thomas[1954] ENG url p. 655.
- Records of the Australian Museum. Sydney: Printed by order of the Trustees, 1890- ENG url p. 139.
- Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne Paris: Société Cuvierienne. FRE url p. 228.
- Sepúlveda, J.I.V. and G. R. Pequeño (1985). Fauna íctica del archipiélago de Juan Fernández. p. 81-91. In P. Arana (ed.) Escuela de Ciencias del Mar. Universidad Católica del Valparaiso, Valparaiso.
- Shiino, Sueo M. 1976. List of Common Names of Fishes of the World, Those Prevailing among English-speaking Nations. Science Report of Shima Marineland, no. 4. Shima Marineland. Kashikojima, Shima, Mie, Japan. 262.
- South African journal of science. [Marshalltown, Transvaal: South African Association for the Advancement of Science, ENG url p. 382.
- The edible fishes of New South Wales: their present importance and their potentialities. By David G. Stead. With 81 plates and 1 map. [Sydney, ]Pub. by authority of the government of the State of New South Wales, 1908. ENG url p. 99.
Notes
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Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 10, 2006.
- FishBase
- FishBase 2006.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 01, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 5 providers.
- Parin, Nikolay V. (from FishBase).
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 01, 2008:
- FishBase: FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Bureau of Rural Sciences National commercial fisheries half-degree data set 2000-2002 (OBIS Australia)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: CSIRO Marine Data Warehouse (OBIS Australia)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Fishes in the Argentine Sea from 1967 to the present time (OBIS South America, SOUTHERN OCEAN SUB-NODE)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: HMAP-History pf Marine Animal Populations (CoML)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: iziko South African Museum - Fish Collection
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Demersal Surveys (years 1983-1985)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Demersal Surveys (years 1986-1990)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Demersal Surveys (years 1991-1995)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Demersal Surveys (years 1996-2000)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Demersal Surveys (years 2001-2005)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Demersal Surveys (years 2006-)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1985)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1986)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1987)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1988)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1989)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1991) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1992) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1993) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1994) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1995) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1996) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1997) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1998) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1999) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 2000) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 2001) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 2002) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 2003) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 2004) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 2005) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1985)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1986)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1987)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1988)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1989)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1990) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1991) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1992) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1993) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1994) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1995) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1996) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1997) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1998) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1999) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 2000) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 2001) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 2002) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 2003) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 2004) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 2005) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity - Fish Collection (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: South Western Pacific Regional OBIS Data provider for the NIWA Marine Biodata Information System
- Museum national d'histoire naturelle: Ichtyologie
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Fish Collection
- OZCAM (Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums) Provider: Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2502994
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-23309
- Fishbase Species ID: 489
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13762840
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 172372
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 126574
Footnotes
- Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin (1993). FAO species catalogue. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (Families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). FAO Fish. Synop. 15(125):136 p. [back]
- Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer. (1999). Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Rome, FAO. 265 p., 11 colour plates. [back]
- Frimodt, C. (1995). Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. [back]
