Thryothorus ludovicianus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Habitats of the Carolina Wren include brushy areas usually near deciduous forests , but these birds are highly adaptable, using residential areas with available dense shrubby areas.

Vegetation: tropical deciduous forests, gallery forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest, second-growth forests and woodlands • Maximum Elevation: 2,200 meters • Foraging Strata: Understory/undergrowth • Center of Abundance: Lower tropical: lowlands, lower than 500 m.; tropics. • Sensitivity to Disturbance: Low

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,787 meters (0 to 12,425 feet).[1]

Ecology: List of Habitats :

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.4     Forest - Temperate   
  
•     1.5     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     1.6     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.4     Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens   
  
•     14.6     Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

The Carolina Wren forages near the ground , searches for insects and insect larvae from the branches and leaves of shrubs , and will also eat seeds from the ground or vegetation.

Reproduction

Breeding season begins in early March, peaks from late April to mid-May, and extends to mid-July. The Carolina Wren nests in a variety of places including old woodpecker cavities, within upturned roots of a tree , at the base of trees, in nest boxes, in hanging plants , and even in a coat pocket or a kitchen pot if access is available. The nest is built of twigs , bark strips, and leaves, and lined with finer material . Four to eight (usually 5) eggs , which are whitish or pinkish in color and flecked with browns and purples, are laid and incubated by the female for 12-14 days. The altricial young hatch and leave the nest after 12-14 days.

• Breeding Habitat : Successional-scrub
• Nest Location: Ground-low nesting
• Clutch Size: 4-8
• Length of Incubation : 12-14 days
• Days to Fledge : 12-14
• Number of Broods: 2 in north, often 3 in south

Migration

Nonmigratory

The song of this bird is a loud, variable tea kettle , tea kettle, tea kettle.

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Thryothorus ludovicianus (Latham, 1790)

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 24-Jun-1996

Similar Species

Bewick's Wren, Marsh Wren

Members of the genus Thryothorus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 41 species and subspecies in this genus:

T. atrogularis (Black-Throated Wren) · T. coraya (Coraya's Wren) · T. coraya coraya (Coraya's Wren) · T. eisenmanni (Inca Wren) · T. euophrys (Plain-Tailed Wren) · T. euophrys euophrys (Plain-Tailed Wren) · T. fasciatoventris (Black-Bellied Wren) · T. felix (Happy Wren) · T. genibarbis (Moustached Wren) · T. genibarbis genibarbis (Moustached Wren) · T. griseus (Gray Wren) · T. guarayanus (Fawn-Breasted Wren) · T. leucopogon (Stripe-Throated Wren) · T. leucotis (Buff-Breasted Wren) · T. longirostris (Long-Billed Wren) · T. longirostris longirostris (Long-Billed Wren) · T. ludovicianus (Great Carolina Wren) · T. ludovicianus albinucha (Carolina Wren) · T. ludovicianus burleighi (Carolina Wren) · T. ludovicianus lomitensis (Carolina Wren) · T. ludovicianus ludovicianus (Carolina Wren) · T. ludovicianus miamensis (Carolina Wren) · T. maculipectus (Spot-Breasted Wren) · T. modestus (Pain Wren) · T. modestus modestus (Plain Wren) · T. mystacalis (Whiskered Wren) · T. nicefori (Niceforo's Wren) · T. nigricapillus (Bay Wren) · T. nigricapillus nigricapillus (Bay Wren) · T. pleurostictus (Banded Wren) · T. rufalbus (Rufous-And-White Wren) · T. rutilus (Rufous-Breasted Wren) · T. rutilus rutilus (Rufous-Breasted Wren) · T. sclateri (Speckle-Breasted Wren) · T. semibadius (Riverside Wren) · T. sinaloa (Bar-Vented Wren) · T. sinaloa sinaloa (Bar-Vented Wren) · T. spadix (Sooty-Headed Wren) · T. superciliaris (Superciliated Wren) · T. superciliaris superciliaris (Superciliated Wren) · T. thoracicus (Stripe-Breasted Wren)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A biological survey of the sand dune region on the south shore of Saginaw Bay, Michigan. Prepared under the direction of Alexander G. Ruthven. Lansing, Mich.: Wynkoop, Hallenbeck, Crawford co., state printers, 1911. url p. 304, p. 344.
• A catalogue of the birds of Indiana / by Amos W. Butler. S.l.: s.n., 1891? url p. 98, p. 98.
• A catalogue of the birds of Kansas. By N. S. Goss. Published under the direction of the Executive council. Topeka: Kansas Publishing house, 1883. url p. 7.
• A catalogue of the birds of the Virginias / by Wm. C. Rives. Newport, R.I.: Printed for the Society by T.T. Pitman, 1890. url p. 88.
• A catalogue of the collection of birds formed by the late Hugh Edwin Strickland. Cambridge, Univ. Press, 1882. url p. 77.
• A check list of North American birds. Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1882. url p. 31.
• A check list of North-American birds by Elliott Coues. Salem, Mass.: F.W. Putnam, 1879. url .
• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. url p. 15.
• A dictionary of birds, by Alfred Newton, assisted by Hans Gadow, with contributions from Richard Lydekker. .. Charles S. Roy. .. and Robert W. Shufeldt. .. London, A. and C. Black, 1893-1896. url p. 582, p. 582.
• A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America / by Charles Lucian Bonaparte. London: J. Van Voorst, 1838. url p. 11.
• A guide to the birds of New England and eastern New York; containing a key for each season and short descriptions of over 250 species, with particular reference to their appearance in the field, by Ralph Huffmann...with four full page plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes and nearly 100 cuts in the text. BostonHoughton, Mifflin and company1904 url p. 357, p. 94.
• A history of North American birds / by S. F. Baird, T. M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. 1 1905 Boston: Little, Brown, 1905. url figure , figure , p. 142, p. 144, p. 503.
• A history of North American birds Boston, Little, Brown and Co., 1874. url p. 141.
• A history of North American birds land birds / by S. F. Baird, T.M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. Boston: Little, Brown, 1874. url , p. 141, p. 142, p. 144, p. 144.
• A history of North American birds, by S.F. Baird, T.M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. Land birds, illustrated by 64 chromo-lithographic plates and 593 woodcuts. Boston, Little, Brown, 1875. url , p. 142.
• A list of the birds of Florida / by Charles B. Cory. Boston: For sale by B. Whidden, 1896. url .
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• A list of the birds of Maryland / F.C. Kirkwood. Baltimore, Md., 1895. url p. 364.
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• A manual of North American birds by Robert Ridgway. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1887. url .
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• Bird homes: the nests, eggs, and breeding habits of the land birds breeding in the eastern United States; with hints on the rearing and photographing of young birds / New York: Doubleday, Page, 1905, c1904. url .
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2009. Thryothorus ludovicianus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 05February2012.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 01, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Birds
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5205
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-178582
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14255225
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 178581
• IUCN ID: 246329
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBG06130
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 230

Footnotes

1. Mean = 1,212.460 meters (3,977.887 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,313.910 based on 2,076 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.