Thryothorus ludovicianus

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Habitats of the Carolina Wren include brushy areas usually near deciduous forests , but these birds are highly adaptable, using residential areas with available dense shrubby areas.

Vegetation: tropical deciduous forests, gallery forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest, second-growth forests and woodlands • Maximum Elevation: 2,200 meters • Foraging Strata: Understory/undergrowth • Center of Abundance: Lower tropical: lowlands, lower than 500 m.; tropics. • Sensitivity to Disturbancet: Low

Ecology: List of Habitats : 1.5 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry 1.6 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland 14.6 Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest

Biology

Diet

The Carolina Wren forages near the ground , searches for insects and insect larvae from the branches and leaves of shrubs , and will also eat seeds from the ground or vegetation.

Reproduction

Breeding season begins in early March, peaks from late April to mid-May, and extends to mid-July. The Carolina Wren nests in a variety of places including old woodpecker cavities, within upturned roots of a tree , at the base of trees, in nest boxes, in hanging plants , and even in a coat pocket or a kitchen pot if access is available. The nest is built of twigs , bark strips, and leaves, and lined with finer material . Four to eight (usually 5) eggs , which are whitish or pinkish in color and flecked with browns and purples, are laid and incubated by the female for 12-14 days. The altricial young hatch and leave the nest after 12-14 days.

• Breeding Habitat : Successional-scrub
• Nest Location: Ground-low nesting
• Clutch Size: 4-8
• Length of Incubation : 12-14 days
• Days to Fledge : 12-14
• Number of Broods: 2 in north, often 3 in south

Migration

Nonmigratory

The song of this bird is a loud, variable tea kettle , tea kettle, tea kettle.

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001.

Similar Species

Bewick's Wren, Marsh Wren

Members of the genus Thryothorus

There are approximately 121 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

T. albinucha · T. amazonicus · T. atrogularis (Black-Throated Wren) · T. atrogularis spadix · T. bairdi · T. bewicki · T. bewickii · T. castaneus · T. coraya (Coraya's Wren) · T. coraya albiventris · T. coraya amazonicus · T. coraya cantator · T. coraya caurensis · T. coraya coraya (Coraya's Wren) · T. coraya griseipectus · T. coraya herberti · T. coraya ridgwayi · T. eisenmanni (Inca Wren) · T. euophrys (Plain-Tailed Wren) · T. euophrys atriceps · T. euophrys euophrys (Plain-Tailed Wren) · T. euophrys longipes · T. fasciatoventris (Black-Bellied Wren) · T. fasciatoventris albigularis · T. fasciatoventris fascio-ventris · T. fasciatoventris melanogaster · T. felix (Happy Wren) · T. felix felix · T. felix grandis · T. felix lawrencii · T. felix magdalenae · T. felix pallidus · T. felix sonorae · T. genibarbis (Moustached Wren) · T. genibarbis bolivianus · T. genibarbis genibarbis (Moustached Wren) · T. genibarbis intercedans · T. genibarbis intercedens · T. genibarbis juruanus · T. genibarbis macrurus · T. griseus (Grey Wren) · T. guarayanus (Fawn-Breasted Wren) · T. leucopogon (Stripe-Throated Wren) · T. leucopogon grisescens · T. leucopogon leucopogon · T. leucotis (Buff-Breasted Wren) · T. leucotis albipectus · T. leucotis bogotensis · T. leucotis collinus · T. leucotis conditus · T. leucotis galbraithii · T. leucotis hypoleucus · T. leucotis leucotis · T. leucotis peruanus · T. leucotis rufiventris · T. leucotis venezuelanus · T. leucotis zuliensis · T. longirostris (Long-Billed Wren) · T. longirostris bahiae · T. longirostris longirostris (Long-Billed Wren) · T. ludovicianus (Great Carolina Wren) · T. ludovicianus albinucha (Carolina Wren) · T. ludovicianus berlandieri · T. ludovicianus burleighi (Carolina Wren) · T. ludovicianus lomitensis (Carolina Wren) · T. ludovicianus ludovicianus (Great Carolina Wren) · T. ludovicianus miamensis (Carolina Wren) · T. ludovicianus oberholseri · T. ludovicianus tabascensis · T. maculipectus (Spot-Breasted Wren) · T. maculipectus canobrunneus · T. maculipectus umbrinus · T. modestus (Plain Wren) · T. modestus elutus · T. modestus modestus (Plain Wren) · T. modestus zeledoni · T. murinus · T. mystacalis · T. mystacalis mystacalis · T. nicefori (Niceforo's Wren) · T. nigricapillus (Bay Wren) · T. nigricapillus castaneus · T. nigricapillus connectens · T. nigricapillus costaricensis · T. nigricapillus nigricapillus (Bay Wren) · T. nigricapillus schottii · T. paucimaculatus · T. petenicus · T. pleurostictus (Banded Wren) · T. pleurostictus lateralis · T. pleurostictus nisorius · T. pleurostictus oaxacae · T. pleurostictus oblitus · T. pleurostictus pleurostictus · T. pleurostictus ravus · T. rufalbus (Rufous-And-White Wren) · T. rufalbus castanonotus · T. rufalbus cumanensis · T. rufalbus minlosi · T. rufalbus rufalbus

More Info

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Further Reading

• A check list of North American birds. Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1882. ENG url p. 31.
• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. ENG url p. 15.
• A dictionary of birds, by Alfred Newton, assisted by Hans Gadow, with contributions from Richard Lydekker.. . Charles S. Roy.. . and Robert W. Shufeldt.. . London, A. and C. Black, 1893-1896. ENG url p. 582.
• A guide to the birds of New England and eastern New York; containing a key for each season and short descriptions of over 250 species, with particular reference to their appearance in the field, by Ralph Huffmann...with four full page plates by Louis Agas BostonHoughton, Mifflin and company1904. ENG url p. 357, p. 94.
• A history of North American birds, by S.F. Baird, T.M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. Land birds, illustrated by 64 chromo-lithographic plates and 593 woodcuts. Boston, Little, Brown, 1875. ENG url p. 142.
• A list of the birds of New Hampshire. By Glover M. Allen. Manchester, N.H., Nature Study press, 1903. ENG url p. 219.
• A popular handbook of the birds of the United States and Canada, by Thomas Nuttall. Boston, Little, Brown, 1903. ENG url p. 272.
• A popular handbook of the ornithology of eastern North America. By Thomas Nuttall. Boston, Little, Brown, and Company, 1896. ENG url p. 272.
• Abstract of proceedings of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia]Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. ENG url p. 23, p. 28.
• Animal Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1961. ENG url p. 468.
• Annals and magazine of natural history: including zoology, botany and geology London. url p. 371.
• Annals of the Carnegie Museum. [Pittsburgh]: Published by authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, 1901- ENG url p. 588.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 152, p. 155.
• Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 188, p. 207.
• Asteroid notes. Northfield, Minn, Goodsell Observatory of Carleton College, 1934-1950. ENG url p. 68.
• Bird guide: land birds east of the Rockies from parrots to bluebirds / by Chester A. Reed. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1916, c1909. ENG url p. 186.
• Bird-life: a guide to the study of our common birds / by Frank M. Chapman; illustrated by Ernest Seton Thompson. New York: Appleton, 1900. ENG url p. 194.
• Bird-life; a guide to the study of our common birds, by Frank M. Chapman, with plates and text drawings by Ernest Seton Thompson. New York, D. Appleton and amp; co., 1899. ENG url p. 268.
• Bird-lore. New York, National Association of Audubon Societies. ENG url p. 197, p. 362.
• BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
• BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
• Birdcraft: a field book of two hundred song, game, and water birds / by Mabel Osgood Wright.. .; with eighty full-page plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. New York: Macmillan Co., c1897. ENG url p. 317, p. 82.
• Birds of eastern Canada, by P. A. Taverner. Ottawa, J. de L. Tachprinter, 1919. ENG url p. 207, p. 294.
• Birds of the Colorado Valley: a repository of scientific and popular information concerning North American ornithology / by Elliott Coues. Washington: G.P.O., 1878. ENG url p. 168, p. 593, p. 728.
• Birds of the Northwest: a hand-book of the ornithology of the region drained by the Missouri River and its tributaries / by Elliott Coues. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1874. ENG url p. 29.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 101, p. 15, p. 205, p. 216, p. 217, p. 218, p. 233, p. 244, p. 29, p. 346, p. 462, p. 467, p. 468, p. 469, p. 473, p. 541, p. 545, p. 546, p. 547, p. 548, p. 61, p. 778, p. 780.
• Bulletin of the Bird Club of Princeton University. Princeton, N.J.: The Club, 1901. ENG url p. 15, p. 33.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) ENG url p. 238.
• Bulletin of the Essex Institute. Salem, Mass., Essex Institute. ENG url p. 12, p. 169, p. 34, p. 52, p. 96.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 125, p. 235, p. 266, p. 267, p. 374, p. 386, p. 646.
• Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. Cambridge, Mass.: The Club, [1876-1883] ENG url p. 100, p. 129, p. 141, p. 171, p. 183, p. 193, p. 21, p. 211.
• Bulletin of the scientific laboratories of Denison University. Granville, Ohio: [The University], 1885- ENG url p. 144.
• Cassinia. Philadelphia, Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. ENG url p. 44, p. 55, p. 60, p. 78, p. 84, p. 98.
• Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. by Charles E. Hellmayr. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1934. ENG url p. 154, p. 198.
• Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. ENG url p. 340.
• Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. London, 1874-98. ENG url p. 221, p. 222.
• Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum / By E. W. Oates [and afterwards] by S. G. Reid [and] W. R. Ogilvie-Grant. London, 1901-12. ENG url p. 68.
• Color key to North American birds, by Frank M. Chapman.. . with upward of 800 drawings by Chester A. Reed, B. S. New York, Doubleday, Page and amp; company, 1903. ENG url p. 286, p. 309.
• FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. ENG url p. 139.
• Fauna of New England, 11: list of the aves / by Glover M. Allen. Boston: Society of Natural History, 1909. ENG url p. 207.
• Fauna of New England. List of the Araneida. Boston, For Society, 1908. ENG url p. 9.
• Field ornithology. Comprising a manual of instruction for procuring, preparing and preserving birds, and a check list of North American birds, by Elliott Coues. Salem [Mass.]Naturalists' Agency, 1874. ENG url p. 13.
• Fishery circular / U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries. [Washington]: The Bureau, 1931-1939. ENG url p. 88.
• Handbook of birds of the western United States, including the great plains, great basin, Pacific slope, and lower Rio Grande valley, by Florence Merriam Bailey, with thirty-three full-page plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes, and over six hundred cuts in the Boston, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1904. ENG url p. 446.
• History of the birds of Kansas. By N. S. Goss. Illustrating 529 birds. Topeka, Kan., G. W. Crane, 1891. ENG url p. 608.
• Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History. Cincinnati: The Society, 1878/79 [i.e. 1878 or 1879]-1945. ENG url p. 53.
• Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Washington [etc., Washington Academy of Sciences] ENG url p. 206.
• Katalog der Eiersammlung, nebst Beschreibungeh der aussereuropchen Eier. Berlin, R. Friedler and amp; Sohn, 1910. GER url p. 216.
• Key to North American birds. Containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary, inclusive of Greenland and lower California Boston, Estes and Lauriat, 1890. ENG url p. 868.
• Life-histories of the birds of eastern Pennsylvania, by Thomas G. Gentry.. . Philadelphia, Pub. by the author, 1876-77. ENG url p. 74.
• Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. Cambridge, Mass.: The Club, 1886- ENG url p. 304, p. 350, p. 366.
• Michigan bird life: a list of all the bird species known to occur in the State together with an outline of their classification and an account of the life history of each species, with special reference to its relation t by Walter Bradford Barrows. Lansing: Michigan Agricultural College, 1912. ENG url p. 668.
• Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. Lawrence, University of Kansas, 1946-1996. ENG url p. 39, p. 42.
• Naturalist's guide to the Americas, prepared by the Committee on the Preservation of Natural Conditions of the Ecological Society of America, with assistance from numerous organizations and individuals, assembled and edited by chairman, Baltimore, Williams and amp; Wilkins, 1926. ENG url p. 584.
• Nests and eggs of North American birds; by Oliver Davie. Columbus [O.]Hann and amp; Adair, 1889. ENG url p. 404.
• North American birds eggs, by Chester A. Reed...illustrating the eggs of nearly every species of North American birds. New York, Doubleday, Page and amp; company, 1904. ENG url p. 354.
• Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, ENG url p. 254.
• Ornithological bibliography. [Washington: Geological Survey [etc.], 1878-1880. ENG url p. 541, p. 542.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia] ENG url p. 111, p. 164, p. 19, p. 271, p. 498.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. [Washington, Biological Society of Washington] ENG url p. 124, p. 199, p. 241.
• Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. Indianapolis, Ind.[s.n.] ENG url p. 185.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 118, p. 121, p. 213, p. 420, p. 507, p. 549, p. 568, p. 601, p. 611, p. 614, p. 691.
• Report of the State Zo©logist. Minneapolis. ENG url p. 415, p. 463.
• Review of American birds, in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. By S.F. Baird. Washington, Smithsonian Institution, 1864/72. ENG url p. 120, p. 123, p. 124, p. 125, p. 128.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. ENG url p. 120, p. 123, p. 170, p. 517, p. 7.
• Teachers' manual of bird-life: a guide to the study of our common birds / by Frank M. Chapman. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1899. ENG url p. 194.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, The Ottawa-Field-Naturalists Club. ENG url p. 184.
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• The birds of Ontario; being a concise account of every species of bird known to have been found in Ontario with a description of their nests and eggs and instructions for collecting birds and preparing and preserving skins By Thomas McIlwraith. London, T. F. Unwin, 1894. ENG url p. 392.
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 01, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 7 providers.
• Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
• NatureServe. 2003. Downloadable animal data sets. NatureServe Central Databases. Accessed February 6, 2005.
• Parker III, T.A., D.F. Stotz, and J.W. Fitzpatrick, and quot;Ecological and Distributional Databases for Neotropical Birds, and quot; in Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation, by D.F. Stotz, T.A. Parker III, J.W. Fitzpatrick, and D.K. Moskovits (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). ISBN 0-226-64676-9.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2004. Version 2005.2. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• The Georgia Museum of Natural History and Georgia Department of Natural Resources

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 01, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Birds
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3848350
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-178585
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13851089
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 178581
• IUCN ID: 52026
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBG06130
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 230

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