Tamias striatus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Stripes camouflage the chipmunk as it forages along the forest floor. During winter, it awakens regularly, snacks on a few nuts, and goes back to sleep.

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

The preferred habitat for this species is deciduous forests , forest edges , and wooded rocky ravines . The Eastern Chipmunk is basically a ground dweller, but will readily climb trees . It digs a burrow system which is a complex of tunnels with two or three burrow entrances hidden under a rock, log , or bank. The main nest chamber is about 25.4 cm (10 in) in diameter and is lined with dried leaves. The nest may be as much as 0.9 m (3 ft ) below the soil surface and 1.8 - 3.7 m (6 - 12 ft) away from the burrow entrance. Other chambers are dug for food storage and for disposal of excess soil from tunnel building. The Eastern Chipmunk is diurnal , except during long periods of freezing or extreme winter weather, when it becomes inactive and remains in the nest.

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,140 meters (0 to 7,021 feet).[1]

Ecology: It prefers deciduous woodlands with ample cover , such as brush piles or logs , rocky forested slopes , ravines . Also found in brushlands and hedgerows. Commonly climbs trees and shrubs . Burrows often open at edge or rock, near base of tree, or under the edge of a building. Nest is generally constructed below ground in an extensive burrow system .

Breeding period is from mid-March to early April. A second breeding period occurs from mid-July to mid-August involving young of the previous year. Gestation lasts 31 days. Litter size is 4-15 (3-5 most often). One to two litters per year. Commonly lives 2-3 years, sometimes 5-6 years.

Home range is less than one hectare , typically 0.08-0.60 ha, largest in early summer and early fall ; core area of home range is defended against conspecific neighbours; largest home ranges are those of breeding males; low water availability may result in increased home range size. Individuals may make long movements outside their usual range ; non dispersing individuals have lifetime home range lengths of up to at least 0.5 km , and dispersal movements may extend to at least 0.9 km (Roberts 1976).

This species utilizes a wide variety of seeds, fruits, and nuts, some mushrooms and insects. Active during the day. In winter, becomes torpid, with frequent arousals.[2].

List of Habitats :

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.1     Forest - Boreal   
  
•     1.4     Forest - Temperate   
  
•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.4     Shrubland - Temperate   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.4     Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens   
  
•     14.5     Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

Eats acorns , hickory nuts, pecans, berries , seeds, and insects such as grasshoppers, beetles, katydids, and cicadas. As it forages , it crams food into pouches in its cheeks. Once these pouches are full, the Chipmunk returns to its burrow and stores the food in underground chambers to eat during the winter months when food may be scarce. It may also bury food in shallow excavations on the forest floor. This habit of burying seeds and nuts helps in the dispersal of many forest trees.

Reproduction

A mature Eastern Chipmunk can breed twice a year, beginning in March, with the first litter of 2-7 (usually 4-5) young being born in April after a 31-day gestation period . A second litter is born in July or August. Young open their eyes at 30 days and are weaned at 2 months of age. At this time they become independent of the female.

Behavior

The Eastern Chipmunk is eaten by predators such as foxes, hawks, and snakes .

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 08-Jun-2004

Similar Species

Members of the genus Tamias

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 47 species and subspecies in this genus:

T. alpinus (Alpine Chipmunk) · T. amoenus (Yellow-Pine Chipmunk) · T. amoenus celeris (Yellow-Pine Chipmunk) · T. bulleri (Buller's Chipmunk) · T. canipes (Gray-Footed Chipmunk) · T. canipes canipes (Gray-Footed Chipmunk) · T. cinereicollis (Gray-Collared Chipmunk) · T. dorsalis (Cliff Chipmunk) · T. dorsalis utahensis (Cliff Chipmunk) · T. durangae (Durango Chipmunk) · T. durangae durangae (Durango Chipmunk) · T. merriami (California Chipmunk) · T. minimus (New Mexico Least Chipmunk) · T. minimus arizonensis (White Mountains Chipmunk) · T. minimus atristriatus (New Mexico Least Chipmunk) · T. minimus chuskaensis (Chuska Mountain Chipmunk) · T. minimus minimus (Least Chipmunk) · T. minimus oreocetes (Flathead Least Chipmunk) · T. minimus selkirki (Selkirk Least Chipmunk) · T. obscurus (Baja California Chipmunk) · T. obscurus obscurus (California Chipmunk) · T. ochrogenys (Yellow-Cheeked Chipmunk) · T. palmeri (Palmer's Chipmunk) · T. panamintinus (Panamint Chipmunk) · T. panamintinus acrus (Kingston Mountain Chipmunk) · T. panamintinus panamintinus (Panamint Chipmunk) · T. quadrimaculatus (Long-Eared Chipmunk) · T. quadrivittatus (Organ Mountains Chipmunk) · T. quadrivittatus australis (Organ Mountains Chipmunk) · T. quadrivittatus oscuraensis (Oscura Mountains Chipmunk) · T. ruficaudus (Red-Tailed Chipmunk) · T. ruficaudus ruficaudus (Rocky Mountain Red-Tailed Chipmunk) · T. ruficaudus simulans (Columbia Red-Tailed Chipmunk) · T. rufus (Hopi Chipmunk) · T. senex (California Chipmunk) · T. sibiricus (Siberian Chipmunk) · T. siskiyou (Siskiyou Chipmunk) · T. sonomae (Sonoma Chipmunk) · T. speciosus (Lodgepole Chipmunk) · T. speciosus callipeplus (Mt. Pinos Lodgepole Chipmunk) · T. speciosus speciosus (Lodgepole Chipmunk) · T. striatus (Chipmunk) · T. striatus striatus (Eastern Chipmunk) · T. townsendii (Townsend's Chipmunk) · T. umbrinus (Hidden Forest Chipmunk) · T. umbrinus nevadensis (Hidden Forest Chipmunk) · T. umbrinus sedulus (Henry Mountains Chipmunk)

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Linzey, A.V. & Hammerson, G. 2008. Tamias striatus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 05February2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 26, 2007:

• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics, Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, Mammal Collection
• Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science, Mammal specimens
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB, Paleobiology Database
• Museum of Texas Tech University
• , Mammal specimens
• Royal Ontario Museum, Mammal specimens
• Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Mammal Collection
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM, CNMA/Coleccion Nacional de Mamiferos
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum Mammal Collection
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of New Mexico Museum of Southwestern Biology Mammal Collection
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Mammal Specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 109460
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-180207
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13787492
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 180207
• IUCN ID: 245189
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AMAFB02230
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1115

Footnotes

1. Mean = 263.220 meters (863.583 feet), Standard Deviation = 192.980 based on 606 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Linzey, A.V. & Hammerson, G. 2008. Tamias striatus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 05 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.