Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Afrikaans:
Langstertroofmeeu
Common Names in Armenian:
[yerkarapoch Tzovahen Voror ]
Common Names in Basque:
Marikoi Isatsluze
Common Names in Breton:
Ar Sparfell-Vor Lostek
Common Names in Catalan:
Par
Common Names in Croatian:
Dugorepi Pomornik
Common Names in Czech:
Chaluha Mal
Common Names in Danish:
Almindelig Kjove, Lille Kjove
Common Names in Dutch:
Kleinste Jager
Common Names in English:
Arctic Jaeger, Buffon's jaeger, gull-teaser, Long-tailed Jaeger, Long-tailed Skua, Longtailed Skua, whip-tail
Common Names in Esperanto:
Longvosta Rabmevo
Common Names in Estonian:
Pikksaba-
Common Names in Faroese:
Kj
Common Names in Finnish:
Tunturikihu
Common Names in French:
Labbe ? longue queue, Labbe , labbe à longue queue, labbe à longue queue
Common Names in Galician:
Palleira Rabilonga
Common Names in German:
Falkenraubm, Falkenraubmöwe
Common Names in Greenlandic:
Papikkaaq
Common Names in Haitian Creole French:
Lab Ke Long
Common Names in Hebrew:
חמסן זנבתן
Common Names in Hungarian:
Ny
Common Names in Icelandic:
Fjallkj
Common Names in Inuktitut:
Ishungak
Common Names in Irish:
Meirleach Earrfhada
Common Names in Italian:
Labbo codalunga
Common Names in Japanese:
Shirohara-Toozoku-Kamome, Shiroharatouzokukamome, シロハラトウゾクカモメ
Common Names in Latin:
Stercorarius longicaudus
Common Names in Latvian:
Garastes Kaija
Common Names in Lithuanian:
Ilgauodegis Ple
Common Names in Maltese:
Ciefa Denbha Twil
Common Names in Manx:
Maarliagh Marrey Fammanagh
Common Names in Northern Sami:
Sk
Common Names in Norwegian:
Fjelljo
Common Names in Polish:
Wydrzyk Dlugoogonowy, Wydrzyk Dlugosterny
Common Names in Portuguese:
Bandido, Moleiro-De-Cauda-Comprida
Common Names in Portuguese (Brazil):
Bandido, Mandri
Common Names in Romansh:
Muetta Da La Cua Lunga
Common Names in Russian:
Dlinnokhvosty Pomornik, Поморник длиннохвостный
Common Names in Scots:
Fasgadair Stiureach
Common Names in Serbian:
Dugorepi Pomornik
Common Names in Slovak:
Pomorn
Common Names in Slovenian:
Dolgorepa Govnacka
Common Names in Spanish:
Gaviota Paras, Págalo rabero, Salteador cola larga
Common Names in Spanish (Argentine):
Salteador Chico
Common Names in Spanish (Chile):
Salteador Chico
Common Names in Spanish (Dominican Republic):
Pagalo Rabero
Common Names in Spanish (Honduras):
Gaviota Paras
Common Names in Spanish (Mexico):
Salteador Cola Larga
Common Names in Spanish (Uruguay):
Salteador Cola Larga
Common Names in Swahili:
Skua Mkia-Mrefu
Common Names in Swedish:
Fj, Fjällabb
Common Names in Turkish:
Uzun Kuyruklu Korsanmarti
Common Names in Valencian:
Par
Common Names in Welsh:
Sgiwen Lostfain
Description
Physical Description
Adult : Body: Shape : slim Size: small Wings : Shape: long and narrow.Adult Breeding Season : Head : Cap: blackish Color: sides yellowish Bill: dusky Neck: Collar : white, shading to gray posteriorly Body: Mantle: brownish-gray Shape: slim Size: small Underparts: white, shading to gray posteriorly Legs : Foot Color: black Leg Color: pale blue Wings: Flight Feathers: blackish Shape: long and narrow.Adult Winter: Head: Cap: feathers dusky , edged with pale gray Body: Breast: indistinct grayish band Mantle: feathers dusky, edged with pale gray Shape: slim Size: small Wings: Shape: long and narrow Tail: Crissum: barred with black and white Undertail Coverts: barred with black and white Uppertail Coverts: barred with black and white.Immature: Head: white Body: Breast: indistinct grayish band Mantle: sooty-brown, flecked or scaled with pale buff Shape: slim Size: small Wings: Shape: long and narrow Undersides: heavily bared with dusky and buff Tail: Crissum: barred with black and white Undertail Coverts: barred with black and white Uppertail Coverts: barred with black and white.
Color:
Adult
light morph
: Central tail feathers
very elongated and pointed
;
longer
than tail · Black cap covers
eye and crosses chin ·
Yellow area below cap · White nape · Gray upperparts
· White underparts and dark undertail coverts · Blackish
outer wing and secondaries and gray inner wing; not as much white
on primaries as other jaegers · Small, black bill
Adult dark morph: Central tail feathers very elongated and pointed
· Small, black bill · Entirely dark plumage except
for base
of primaries
Juvenile
: Rounded
central tail feathers project pretty far beyond
rest of tail · Head
, body, and wing linings barred-belly may
be pale
· As birds age, gray of adult plumage becomes more
apparent and tail feathers lengthen · Upperparts often with
pale edgings · Primaries dark with white shaft streaks on
outer 2 primaries · Often dark intrusion into white primary
patch
from below · Axillaries and uppertail coverts strongly
barred black and white
Subadult
: Variable; gradually acquires adult plumage · Occurs
in both dark and light color morphs · Best identified by tail
feather shape, size, and bill shape
Size/Age/Growth
Length : 18 inches
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,427 meters (0 to 11,243 feet).[1]
Ecology:
This species is marine
and highly pelagic, rarely occuring within
sight of land
except when breeding. It feeds
mainly on lemmings during
the summer but will also take shrews, many insects, berries
and small
birds when microtines are scarce. Its winter diet
is largely unknown,
but probably includes marine insects and fish with some scavenging
and kleptoparasitism
. Breeding begins in June with birds widely scattered
over the Arctic
and subarctic
or montane
tundra
, up to 1300 m
in
Scandinavia. It is highly territorial1.
[2].
List of Habitats
:
- 4 Grassland
- 4.1 Grassland - Tundra
- 9 Marine Neritic
- 9.1 Marine Neritic - Pelagic
- 9.2 Marine Neritic - Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs
- 9.3 Marine Neritic - Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel
- 9.4 Marine Neritic - Subtidal Sandy
- 9.5 Marine Neritic - Subtidal Sandy-Mud
- 9.7 Marine Neritic - Macroalgal/Kelp
- 9.9 Marine Neritic - Seagrass (Submerged)
- 10 Marine Oceanic
- 10.1 Marine Oceanic - Epipelagic (0-200m)
- 10.2 Marine Oceanic - Mesopelagic (200-1000m) [more info]
Biology
Diet
Mostly fish, with some birds, small mammals, eggs , and carrion .
Reproduction
- Clutch Size: 2
- Length of Incubation : 23-25 days
- Days to Fledge : 22-28
- Number of Broods: 1
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
)
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
)
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
)
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
)
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
)
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
)
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
)
- Goodrich, 1930
- Class:
Aves
(
)
- Subclass:
Avialae
(
)
- Gauthier, 1986
- Infraclass:
Aves
(
)
- (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
- Cohort:
Neognathae
(
)
- Pycraft, 1900
- Superorder:
Charadriimorphae
(
)
- Huxley, 1867
- Order:
Charadriiformes
(
)
- Huxley, 1867
- Suborder:
Lari
(
)
- Sharpe, 1891
- Infraorder:
Larides
(
)
- Sharpe, 1891
- Superfamily:
Laroidea
(
)
- Vigors, 1825
- Family:
Stercorariidae
(
)
- Gray, 1870
- Genus:
Stercorarius
(
)
- Brisson, 1760
- Specific name:
longicaudus
- Vieillot 1819
- Scientific name: - Stercorarius longicaudus Vieillot, 1819 Vieillot 1819
- Specific name:
longicaudus
- Vieillot 1819
- Genus:
Stercorarius
(
- Family:
Stercorariidae
(
- Superfamily:
Laroidea
(
- Infraorder:
Larides
(
- Suborder:
Lari
(
- Order:
Charadriiformes
(
- Superorder:
Charadriimorphae
(
- Cohort:
Neognathae
(
- Infraclass:
Aves
(
- Subclass:
Avialae
(
- Class:
Aves
(
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 17-Jul-2007
Similar Species
Young Long-tailed Jaegers look superficially like first-year Herring Gulls but have a more powerful, direct flight and white patches on the primaries visible from above and below the wing. Skuas are similar as well but are bulkier and thicker-necked, with much more prominent wing patches. Jaegers look most similar to each other. Adult Long-tailed can be safely identified when their very long, pointed central tail feathers are seen. The adult light morph Long-tailed lacks the breast band that Parasitic and Pomarines have, and has gray, not dark brown upperparts contrasting with dark secondaries. Juvenile and subadult jaegers are very difficult to tell apart. The Pomarine has a heavier bill and is larger than the other species and juveniles have very short rounded tail feathers. Juvenile Parasitics often have distinctive cinnamon tones to their plumage, pale primary tips or wavy uppertail coverts. Juvenile and subadult Long-tailed Jaegers often look grayer than the other species and can have longer tails. Juvenile Long-tailed Jaegers typically have black and white wavy uppertail covert bars and axillaries, long rounded central tail feathers, just two white primary shafts, and a dark intrusion into the white primary patch from below.
Members of the genus Stercorarius
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 14 species and subspecies in this genus:
S. antarcticus (Brown Skua) · S. antarcticus antarcticus (Antarctic Skua) · S. antarcticus hamiltoni (Tristan Da Cunha Skua) · S. chilensis (Chilean Skua) · S. longicaudus (Long-Tailed Jaeger) · S. longicaudus longicaudus (Long-Tailed Jaeger) · S. longicaudus pallescens (Eastern Long-Tailed Jaeger) · S. lonnbergi (Brown Skua) · S. maccormicki (Antarctic Jaeger) · S. parasiticus (Richardsons Jaeger) · S. pomarinus (Pomatorhine Skua) · S. skua (Northern Skua) · S. skua skua (Great Skua) · S. sp. (Jaeger Sp.)
More Info
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Further Reading
- A List of British birds / London: British Ornithologists' Union, 1915. url , , .
- A List of British birds / London: John Van Voorst, 1883. url .
- A biological investigation of the Athabaska-Mackenzie region. By Edward A. Preble. .. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1908. url p. 262, p. 572.
- A biological investigation of the Hudson Bay region. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1902. url .
- A biological survey of the waters of Woods Hole and vicinity / By Francis B. Sumner, Raymond C. Osburn, and Leon J. Cole. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1913 url p. 776, p. 857.
- A catalogue of Canadian birds with notes on the distribution of the species / by Montague Chamberlain. Saint John, N.B.: J. McMillan, 1887. url , p. 7.
- A catalogue of Canadian birds, By Montague Chamberlain. Saint John, N.B., J. & A. McMillan, 1887. url p. 140, p. 140, p. 7, p. 7.
- A catalogue of Canadian birds: with notes on the distribution of the species / Saint John, N.B.: J. & A. McMillan, 1887. url , .
- A catalogue of the birds of the Virginias / by Wm. C. Rives. Newport, R.I.: Printed for the Society by T.T. Pitman, 1890. url p. 99.
- A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. url p. 11.
- A general history of birds by John Latham. Winchester [England]: Printed by Jacob and Johnson, for the author, 1821 and 1828. url , .
- A general history of birds. Winchester [Eng.]Printed by Jacob and Johnson, for the author;1821-28. url p. 164.
- A geographical bibliography of British ornithology from the earliest time to the end of 1918, arranged under counties, being a record of printed books, published articles, notes and records relating to local avifauna, by W. H. Mullens, H. Kirke Swann, F. C. R. Jourdain. London, Witherby, 1920. url p. 141, p. 141.
- A guide to the birds of New England and eastern New York; containing a key for each season and short descriptions of over 250 species, with particular reference to their appearance in the field, by Ralph Huffmann...with four full page plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes and nearly 100 cuts in the text. BostonHoughton, Mifflin and company1904 url p. 356.
- A hand-list of British birds, with an account of the distribution of each species in the British Isles and abroad. By Ernst Hartert, F. C. R. Jourdain, N. F. Ticehurst and H. F. Withersby. London, Witherby, 1912. url p. 205.
- A hand-list of the birds of Japan, by M. Ogawa. [Tokyo]1908. url p. 368.
- A handbook of British birds, showing the distribution of the resident and migratory species in the British islands, with an index to the records of the rarer visitants, by J.E. Harting. .. London, J.C. Nimmo, 1901. url p. 307.
- A history of British birds, with coloured illustrations of their eggs. By Henry Seebohm. .. London, Pub. for the author by R.H. Porter [etc.]1883-85. url p. 358.
- A history of the birds of Europe: including all the species inhabiting the western palaearctic region / London: Published by the Author, 1871-1881. url p. 481.
- A journey from Prince of Wales's Fort in Hudson's Bay to the Northern Ocean, in the years 1769, 1770, 1771, and 1772 / Toronto: Champlain society, 1911. url p. 396.
- A list of British birds / compiled by a committee of the British Ornithologists' Union. London: J. van Voorst, 1883. url p. 195.
- A list of British birds, comp. by a committee of the British ornithologists' union. London: British ornithologists' union, 1915. url , p. 273.
- A list of the birds of Florida / by Charles B. Cory. Boston: For sale by B. Whidden, 1896. url .
- A list of the birds of Maine, showing their distribution by counties and their status in each county. Prepared under the auspices of the United ornithologists of Maine by Ora W. Knight. .. Augusta, Kennebec journal print, 1897. url p. 18.
- A list of the birds of Maryland / F.C. Kirkwood. Baltimore, Md., 1895. url p. 249.
- A list of the birds of Maryland, giving dates of the arrival, departure and nesting periods of our regular birds; also including stragglers and such others as no doubt occur but are not recorded. By F.C. Kirkwood. .. Baltimore: [Maryland Academy of Sciences], 1895. url p. 249, p. 249, p. 380, p. 380.
- A list of the birds of Maryland: giving dates of the arrival, departure and nesting periods of our regular birds, also including stragglers and such others as no doubt occur but are not recorded / Baltimore: Deutsch Lithographing & Print. Co.; 1895. url , .
- A list of the birds of eastern North America / by Charles B. Cory. Boston: For sale by B. Whidden, 1896. url p. 4.
- A manual of palæarctic birds, by H. E. Dresser. London, The author, 1902-03. url p. 842.
- A manual of the birds of Australia / by Gregory M. Mathews. .. and. .. Tom Iredale; illus. with coloured and monochrome plates by Lilian Medland. London: Witherby, 1921. url p. 112.
- A manual of the birds of Australia, by Gregory M. Mathews. .. and Tom Iredale. .. Illustrated with coloured and monochrome plates by Lilian Medland. Vol. I. Orders Casuarii to Columbæ. London, H.F. & G. Witherby, 1921. url p. 112.
- A manual of the vertebrate animals of the northern United States: including the district north and east of the Ozark mountains, south of the Laurentian hills, north of the southern boundary of Virginia, and east of the Missouri river, inclusive of marine species / Chicago:A. C. McClurg, 1916. url .
- A natural history of the nests and eggs of British birds / by the Rev. F.O. Morris. London: John C. Nimmo, 1896. url .
- A popular handbook of the birds of the United States and Canada / Boston: Little, Brown, 1921. url .
- A popular handbook of the ornithology of eastern North America by Thomas Nuttall; rev. and annotated by Montague Chamberlain. Boston: Little, Brown, 1891. url , .
- A preliminary list of the birds found in Vermont / by George H. Perkins; assisted by Clifton D. Howe. Albany: Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Co., 1901. url .
- A preliminary review of the birds of Nebraska, with synopses, Omaha, 1904 url .
- A review of the ornithology of Minnesota / by Thomas Sadler Roberts. Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota, 1919. url p. 22, p. 98.
- A systematic list of the birds of California / by Joseph Grinnell. Hollywood: Cooper Ornithological Club, 1912. url p. 12.
- Abstract of the proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New York City, for the official year. . [New York]: The Society, [1889-1932] url p. 47.
- Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki: Societas, 1875-1980. url p. 61.
- An account of the birds, by Robert Collett and Fridtjof Nansen. London, Longmans, Green, and Co.; etc., etc., 1899. url p. 22, p. 49.
- An ecological characterization of Coastal Maine (north and east of Cape Elizabeth) / Stewart I. Fefer and Patricia S. Schettig: principal investigators. Newton Corner, Mass.: Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Region, 1980. url p. 7.
- Annual report / Albany: University of the State of New York, 1902-1918. url p. 117, p. 496, p. 710.
- Annual report of the New Jersey State Museum. Trenton, N.J.: MacCrellish & Quigley, url p. 49.
- Annual report of the Ohio State Academy of Science. Columbus: The Academy, 1893-1930. url p. 224.
- Annual report of the Regents / Albany: J.B. Lyon, State Printer, 1890-1903. url p. 407.
- Ardea. Amsterdam, etc., Nederlandse Ornithlogische Unie, etc. url p. 101, p. 137, p. 148.
- Baby bird-finder. .. by Harriet E. Richards and Emma G. Cummings. .. Boston, Mass., W.A. Butterfield, 1904-06. url p. 14.
- Biosphere Reserves, Compilation 4, October 1986: programme on man and the biosphere (MAB) IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 474.
- Bird guide...east of the Rockies, by Chester A. Reed. New York, Doubleday, Page & Co., 1910. url p. 34.
- Bird guide: water birds, game birds and birds of prey / by Chester A. Reed. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1916, c1910. url p. 34.
- Birds in Kansas / Max C. Thompson & Charles Ely. 1 Lawrence, Kan.: University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History: c1989- url p. 278, p. 403, p. xiii.
- Birds of America; editor-in-chief, T. Gilbert Pearson; consulting editor, John Burroughs; artists, R.I. Brasher, R. Bruce Horsfall [and] Henry Thurston. 1 1923 New York, The University Society, 1923. url p. 36.
- Birds of California; an introduction to more than three hundred common birds of the state and adjacent islands, with a supplementary list of rare migrants, accidental visitants, and hypothetical subspecies, Chicago, A.C. McClurg, 1916. url .
- Birds of Labrador / Boston: Boston Society of Natural History, 1907. url .
- Birds of Labrador / by Charles W. Townsend and Glover M. Allen. Boston: Printed for the Society, 1907. url p. 310.
- Birds of Massachusetts [by] J.A. Allen. [n.p.]1864-1886. url p. 152.
- Birds of Massachusetts and other New England states / [Norwood, Ma.: Printed by Berwick and Smith Company], 1925-1929 url , p. 448, p. 58.
- Birds of New York / Albany: University of the State of New York, 1914. url .
- Birds of New York / by Elon Howard Eaton. Albany: University of the State of New York, 1910-1914. url , p. 117, p. 496, p. 710.
- Birds of New York Albany, University of the State of New York, 1910-14 url p. 710.
- Birds of New York, Albany, University of the State of New York, 1910-14. url .
- Birds of New York, by Elon Howard Eaton. .. Albany, University of the State of New York, 1910-14. url p. 117, p. 496.
- Birds of North Carolina, by T. Gilbert Pearson, C. S. Brimley and H. H. Brimley. Raleigh, Edwards & Broughton printing co., state printers, 1919. url p. 26.
- Birds of Oregon, by Ira N. Gabrielson. .. and Stanley G. Jewett. .. Corvallis, Or., Pub. by Oregon State College through the O.S.C. Cooperative Association[c1940] url , p. 604.
- Birds of South Carolina, Charleston, S.C., [The Daggett Printing Co.]1910. url , , .
- Birds of South Carolina, by Arthur Trezevant Wayne. With an introduction by the editor. Charleston, S.C., [The Daggett Printing Co.]1910. url , p. 2, p. 250, p. 252.
- Birds of eastern Canada / Ottawa: J. de L. Tache?, 1919. url .
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- Birds of eastern Canada, by P. A. Taverner. Ottawa, J. de L. Tache?, printer, 1919. url p. 293.
- Birds of eastern Canada, by P.A. Taverner. Ottawa, J. de L. Taché, Printer, 1919. url p. 293.
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- Birds of the Chukchi Peninsula and Wrangel Island = (Ptitsy Chukotskogo poluostrova i ostrova Vrangelya) / L.A. Portenko; translated from Russian [by P.M. Rao]. New Delhi: Published for the Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., by Amerind Pub. Co., 1981- url , , p. 273.
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Notes
Contributors
- BirdLife International 2009. Stercorarius longicaudus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 05February2012.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed April 18, 2012.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 08, 2007:
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Royal British Columbia Museum
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8310
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-176794
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2481685
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 176794
- IUCN ID: 243816
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNNM01030
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 178085
Footnotes
- Mean = 158.530 meters (520.112 feet), Standard Deviation = 583.140 based on 6,837 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
- BirdLife International 2009. Stercorarius longicaudus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 05 February 2012. [back]
