Spizella passerina

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

The wintering habitat includes those areas used for nesting, but is often more grassy and open than the breeding habitat.

Vegetation: tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine-oak forests • Maximum Elevation: 3,800 meters • Foraging Strata: Terrestrial • Center of Abundance: Middle montane: mountains, middle range, 1,600-2,600 m. • Sensitivity to Disturbance: Low

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,787 meters (0 to 12,425 feet).[1]

Ecology: List of Habitats :

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.1     Forest - Boreal   
  
•     1.4     Forest - Temperate   
  
•     1.5     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     1.9     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane   
  
•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.4     Shrubland - Temperate   
  
•     3.7     Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude   
  
•     4     Grassland   
  
•     4.5     Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.4     Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

The diet of this species is primarily insects, but also includes spiders and seeds. The Chipping Sparrow forages by searching the ground and low vegetation for food.

Reproduction

The breeding season begins in mid-April, peaks in May, and extends into mid-August. Breeding habitat includes wooded residential areas, grassy areas with scattered trees , and golf courses . The Chipping Sparrow nests up to 3.3 m (11 feet) high in a tree (preferring conifers) or shrub , or on the ground . The cup-shaped nest is built out of grass , rootlets , and other plant material and is lined with hair. The female lays 2-5 (usually 4) eggs that she incubates for 11-14 days. The male feeds the incubating female. The young are altricial and fledge approximately 10 days after hatching . Both parents care for the young while they are in the nest and for a short period after they leave it.

• Breeding Habitat: Urban
• Nest Location: Mid-story/canopy nesting
• Nest Type: Open-cup
• Clutch Size: 4
• Length of Incubation : 11-14 days
• Days to Fledge: 10(8-12)
• Number of Broods: 2

Migration

Migratory

The song of this species is a trill that remains on one pitch.

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Spizella passerina (Bechstein, 1798)

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 11-Oct-2007

Similar Species

Clay-Colored Sparrow

Members of the genus Spizella

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 16 species and subspecies in this genus:

S. arborea (American Tree Sparrow) · S. arborea arborea (American Tree Sparrow) · S. atrogularis (California Black-Chinned Sparrow) · S. atrogularis atrogularis (Black-Chinned Sparrow) · S. breweri (Brewer's Chipping Sparrow) · S. breweri breweri (Brewer's Sparrow) · S. breweri taverneri (Brewer's Sparrow) · S. pallida (Clay-Colored Chipping Sparrow) · S. passerina (Little House Sparrow) · S. passerina passerina (Little House Sparrow) · S. pusilla (Field Chipping Sparrow) · S. pusilla arenacea (Field Sparrow) · S. pusilla pusilla (Field Chipping Sparrow) · S. taverneri (Timberline Sparrow) · S. wortheni (Worthen's Sparrow) · S. wortheni wortheni (Worthen's Sparrow)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A biological survey of the sand dune region on the south shore of Saginaw Bay, Michigan. Prepared under the direction of Alexander G. Ruthven. Lansing, Mich.: Wynkoop, Hallenbeck, Crawford co., state printers, 1911. url p. 292, p. 343.
• A check list of Rhode Island nesting birds, with data. [Providence? R.I.], c1908. url p. 23.
• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. url p. 18.
• A distributional list of the birds of Montana, with notes on the migration and nesting of the better known species, by Aretas A. Saunders. Berkeley, Calif., The Club, 1921. url p. 122.
• A faunal investigation of Prince Edward County, Ontario / Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1941. url p. 89.
• A faunal investigation of the Sault Ste. Marie region, Ontario / [Toronto]: Royal Ontario Museum, 1942. url p. 151.
• A faunal investigation of western Rainy River District, Ontario / [Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology], 1938. url p. 212.
• A history of the birds of Colorado, London, Witherby & Co., 1912. url , .
• A preliminary report on the biology of Harding County, northwestern South Dakota / by Stephen S. Visher. Pierre, S.D.: State Publishing Co., 1914. url p. 82.
• Abstract of the proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New York City, for the official year. . [New York]: The Society, [1889-1932] url p. 37, p. 54.
• An ecological characterization of Coastal Maine (north and east of Cape Elizabeth) / Stewart I. Fefer and Patricia S. Schettig: principal investigators. Newton Corner, Mass.: Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Region, 1980. url .
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• Animal and plant life in Oklahoma, Norman, 1917. url .
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• Wild animals of Glacier National Park. The mammals, with notes on physiography and life zones, by Vernon Bailey. .. The birds, by Florence Merriam Bailey. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1918. url p. 177.
• Wild birds in city parks; being hints on identifying 200 birds, prepared primarily for the spring migration in Lincoln Park, Chicago, but adapted to other localities, by Herbert Eugene Walter and Alice Hall Walter. [St. Johnsbury, Vt., Press of the St. Johnsbury republican co.]1910. url p. 38.
• Wild life in Canada / by Angus Buchanan. Toronto: McClelland, Goodchild and Stewart, 1920. url p. 255.
• Wild life in Canada, by Captain Angus Buchanan. .. with numerous photographs by the author. New York: F. A. Stokes, 1920. url p. 255.
• Yearbook of agriculture. WashingtonU.S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 726.
• Yosemite nature notes. [Yosemite National Park, Calif.: Yosemite Natural History Association url p. 137.
• [Collected reprints, 1895-1916. s.l., s.n., 19--] url , .

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2009. Spizella passerina. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 04February2012.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 05, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Birds
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal British Columbia Museum
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates: Bird Collection
• EMAN Provider: PIROP (Shipboard Surveys)
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Ornithology Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
• University of Alaska Museum of the North: DGR Mammals Specimens
• University of Alaska Museum of the North: MSB Birds Specimens
• University of Colorado Museum: Zoological specimens
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 7292
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-179437
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2482044
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 179435
• IUCN ID: 243384
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBX94020
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 234

Footnotes

1. Mean = 1,436.950 meters (4,714.403 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,341.270 based on 2,709 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.