Spea hammondii

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Near Threatened

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Habitat

Typically found in a lake at a mean distance from sea level of 611 meters (2,005 feet).[1]

Ecology: It lives in a wide range of habitats , from lowlands to foothills, in grasslands, open chaparral and pine-oak woodlands. It is fossorial , and breeds in temporary rain pools and slow-moving streams (for example, in areas flooded by intermittent streams). It also breeds in stock tanks and other artificial water bodies as long as the surrounding habitat is not developed for human settlement or irrigated agriculture. [2].

List of Habitats:

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.4     Forest - Temperate   
  
•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.4     Shrubland - Temperate   
  
•     3.5     Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     4     Grassland   
  
•     4.4     Grassland - Temperate   
  
•     5     Wetlands (inland)   
  
•     5.2     Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular Rivers/Streams/Creeks   
  
•     5.8     Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)   
  
•     15     Artificial/Aquatic & Marine   
  
•     15.2     Artificial/Aquatic - Ponds (below 8ha)   
[more info]

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Scaphiopus hammondii Baird • Spea hammondii Baird 1857

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 01-Sep-2009

Spea multiplicata formerly was included in this species, which is frequently considered a synonym of S. multiplicata. (Ref. 307544).

Similar Species

Members of the genus Spea

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 4 species and subspecies in this genus:

S. bombifrons (Plains Spadefoot Toad) · S. hammondii (Hammond's Spadefoot Toad) · S. intermontana (Great Basin Spadefoot Toad) · S. multiplicata (Mexican Spadefoot Toad)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A check list of North American amphibians and reptiles / by Leonhard Stejneger and Thomas Barbour. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1933. url p. 181, p. 26.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. url p. 1224, p. 1228, p. 1229.
• Asiatic herpetological research. 7 1997 Berkeley, Calif.: Asiatic Herpetological Research Society; c1990- url fig. 1, page 73, fig. 2, page 74.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 12, p. 303, p. 304, p. 36, p. 491, p. 507, p. 87.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 93 1943 Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, 1863- url p. 236.
• Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the. .. British Museum. London, 1882. url p. 435.
• Handbook of amphibians and reptiles of Kansas. 1950 Lawrence, 1950 url fig. 226, page 307, p. 57.
• Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1817-1918. url p. 82.
• Life-histories of the frogs of Okefinokee swamp, Georgia; North American Salientia (Anura) no.2; by Albert Hazen Wright. New York, The Macmillan company, 1931. url p. 106.
• Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. 1956 Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1946-1996. url fig. 247, page 320, p. 57.
• North American fauna. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 117.
• Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, url p. 84.
• On the structures and distribution of the genera of the arciferous Anura / by Edward D. Cope. [Philadelphia?: s.n., 1866?]. url p. 82.
• Phylogenetic relationships of extant pelobatoid frogs (Anura:Pelobatoidea): evidence from adult morphology / by Anne M. Maglia. 1998 Lawrence, Kan.: Natural History Museum, The University of Kansas, [1998] url p. 16.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url , p. 14, p. 14, p. 182, p. 184, p. 301, p. 311, p. 311.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 194, p. 506.
• Report upon United States Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian / Washington [D.C.]: G.P.O., 1875-1889. url p. 996.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 13 1875 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 31, p. 89, p. 89.
• The Batrachia of North America / by E.D. Cope. Ashton, Maryland: Eric Lundberg, 1963. url p. 303, p. 305, p. 306, p. 307, p. 491, p. 506.
• The Batrachia of North America by E.D. Cope. Washington: G.P.O., 1889. url .
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 392, p. 509.
• The Great Basin naturalist. 49 1989 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url , , p. 41, p. 42, tanner, page 503, figs. 1-2, page 504, p. 507, p. 508, p. 53, p. 56, fig. 12, page 57, fig. 14, page 59, p. 660.
• The frog book: North American toads and frogs, with a study of the habits and life histories of those of the northeastern States / With over three hundred photographs from life by the author. New YorkDoubleday, Page1907 url p. 59.
• The frog book; North American toads and frogs, with a study of the habits and life histories of those of the northeastern states. New York, Doubleday, Page & company, 1906. url p. 59.
• The primary factors of organic evolution / by E. D. Cope. Chicago: Open Court, 1904, c1896. url p. 545.
• The standard natural history / edited by John Sterling Kingsley. Boston: S.E. Cassino, 1884-85. url p. 332, p. 333.
• The standard natural history. Boston, S. E. Cassino and Company, 1884-85. url .
• University of California publications in zoology. Berkeley: University Press, 1906- url p. 140, p. 207.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• Georgina Santos-Barrera, Geoffrey Hammerson, Steven Morey 2004. Spea hammondii. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 04February2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 29, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 7 providers.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Santos-Barrera, G., Hammerson, G. & Morey, S. 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 29, 2008:

• California Academy of Sciences: CAS Herpetology Collection Catalog
• Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates: Amphibians and Reptiles Collection
• Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
• Museum of Southwestern Biology, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles: Museum of Southwestern Biology, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles database
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• San Diego Natural History Museum: Herps specimens
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• University of Colorado Museum: Zoological specimens
• Yale University Peabody Museum: Peabody Herp Collection DiGIR provider Service

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 26129
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-206990
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 206990
• IUCN ID: 243042
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AAABF02020
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1565

Footnotes

1. Standard Deviation = 599.570 based on 62 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Georgina Santos-Barrera, Geoffrey Hammerson, Steven Morey 2004. Spea hammondii. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.