Sitta carolinensis

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Hardwood forests are the primary habitat of the White-breasted Nuthatch. It prefers mature trees and will frequent more open forested areas, including residential areas, parks, and bottomlands . Found in confiers and deciduous forests in winter.

Vegetation: tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine-oak forests, gallery forests • Minimum Elevation: 1,250 meters • Maximum Elevation: 3,600 meters • Foraging Strata: Canopy • Center of Abundance: Upper subtropical: higher slopes, 500-1,600 m.; subtropics. • Sensitivity to Disturbance: Medium

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,622 meters (0 to 15,164 feet).[2]

Ecology: List of Habitats :

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.4     Forest - Temperate   
  
•     1.6     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland   
  
•     1.9     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.3     Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations   
  
•     14.4     Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

The diet of this nuthatch includes mostly insects and spiders, although during the winter it may eat some acorns and nuts. The food is found by searching the trunks and branches of trees .

A mated pair often stays together through the winter foraging for spiders, insects, eggs and cocoons , sometimes out of sight from one another but keeping in touch with intermittent soft whisperings. The birds also eat acorns and other nuts, and they extract insect larvae from the nuts. They are very fond of suet and sunflower seeds provided at feeders and will often cache morsels in crevices in tree bark or under the shingles of roofs.[1]

Reproduction

In the spring the male starts to sing a hollow, whistled six- to eight-note "tew-tew-tew" and may bring food to his mate. They find an old woodpecker nest , hollow out a rotted limb or even utilize a manmade bird box and build a nest of twigs , grasses and roots , often lined with fur from a dead rabbit or squirrel. A clutch size of eight is common, and the nuthatch can lay up to 10 white eggs that are spotted with brown. The young first fly about 14 days after hatching , and the family may stay together into the fall . (Ref. 109946)

The breeding season begins in mid-March, peaks in mid-April, and extends through May. The nest site is commonly 3-18 m (10-60 feet) high. This adaptable species nests in a naturally occurring cavity , excavates its own cavity, uses an abandoned woodpecker cavity, or occasionally uses nest boxes. The female lays 3-10 (usually 5-8) eggs that she incubates for 12 days. The male feeds the incubating female. The young are altricial and fledge 14 days after hatching. The juveniles are fed for a short period after leaving the nest.

Breeding Habitat : Woodland Nest Location: Mid-story/canopy nesting Nest Type: Cavity Clutch Size: 5-10 Length of Incubation : 12 days Days to Fledge: 14

Migration

Nonmigratory

The call of this species is a low, nasal yank.

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 24-Jun-1996

Similar Species

Red-Breasted Nuthatch

Members of the genus Sitta

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 60 species and subspecies in this genus:

S. arctica (Eurasian Nuthatch) · S. azurea (Azure Nuthatch) · S. canadensis (Red-Breasted Nuthatch) · S. carolinensis (Rocky Mountain Nuthatch) · S. carolinensis aculeata (White-Breasted Nuthatch) · S. carolinensis alexandrae (White-Breasted Nuthatch) · S. carolinensis carolinensis (White-Breasted Nuthatch) · S. carolinensis cookei (White-Breasted Nuthatch) · S. carolinensis lagunae (White-Breasted Nuthatch) · S. carolinensis mexicana (White-Breasted Nuthatch) · S. carolinensis nelsoni (White-Breasted Nuthatch) · S. carolinensis tenuissima (White-Breasted Nuthatch) · S. cashmirensis (Kashmir Nuthatch) · S. castanea (Chestnut-Bellied Nuthatch) · S. castanea castanea (Chestnut-Bellied Nuthatch) · S. europaea (Eurasian Nuthatch) · S. europaea albifrons (Eurasian Nuthatch) · S. europaea amurensis (Eurasian Nuthatch) · S. europaea asiatica (Asian Wood Nuthatch) · S. europaea bedfordi (Eurasian Nuthatch) · S. europaea caesia (European Wood Nuthatch) · S. europaea caucasica (Caucasian Wood Nuthatch) · S. europaea cisalpina (Central European Wood Nuthatch) · S. europaea europaea (Eurasian Nuthatch) · S. europaea hispaniensis (Eurasian Nuthatch) · S. europaea levantina (Eurasian Nuthatch) · S. europaea persica (Eurasian Nuthatch) · S. europaea rubiginosa (Caspian Wood Nuthatch) · S. europaea seorsa (Eurasian Nuthatch) · S. europaea sinensis (Eurasian Nuthatch) · S. formosa (Beautiful Nuthatch) · S. frontalis (Velvet-Fronted Nuthatch) · S. frontalis frontalis (Velvet-Fronted Nuthatch) · S. himalayensis (White-Tailed Nuthatch) · S. krueperi (Krüper's Nuthatch) · S. ledanti (Kabylian Nuthatch) · S. leucopsis (White-Cheeked Nuthatch) · S. leucopsis leucopsis (White-Cheeked Nuthatch) · S. magna (Giant Nuthatch) · S. nagaensis (Chestnut-Vented Nuthatch) · S. nagaensis montium (Eurasian Nuthatch) · S. nagaensis nagaensis (Chestnut-Vented Nuthatch) · S. neumayer (Western Rock Nuthatch) · S. neumayer neumayer (Western Rock-Nuthatch) · S. oenochlamys (Sulphur-Billed Nuthatch) · S. oenochlamys oenochlamys (Sulphur-Billed Nuthatch) · S. pusilla (Brown-Headed Nuthutch) · S. pusilla caniceps (Brown-Headed Nuthatch) · S. pusilla pusilla (Brown-Headed Nuthatch) · S. pygmaea (White-Naped Nuthatch) · S. pygmaea melanotis (Pygmy Nuthatch) · S. pygmaea pygmaea (Pygmy Nuthatch) · S. solangiae (Yellow-Billed Nuthatch) · S. tephronota (Eastern Rock Nuthatch) · S. tephronota tephronota (Eastern Rock-Nuthatch) · S. victoriae (White-Browed Nuthatch) · S. villosa (Black-Headed Nuthatch) · S. villosa villosa (Snowy-Browed Nuthatch) · S. whiteheadi (Corsican Nuthatch) · (Black-Masked Nuthatch)

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Further Reading

• A biological investigation of the Hudson Bay region. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1902. url .
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• A catalogue of Canadian birds with notes on the distribution of the species / by Montague Chamberlain. Saint John, N.B.: J. McMillan, 1887. url p. 113.
• A catalogue of Canadian birds, By Montague Chamberlain. Saint John, N.B., J. & A. McMillan, 1887. url p. 113, p. 113.
• A catalogue of Canadian birds: with notes on the distribution of the species / Saint John, N.B.: J. & A. McMillan, 1887. url .
• A catalogue of the birds of Indiana / by Amos W. Butler. S.l.: s.n., 1891? url p. 101, p. 101.
• A catalogue of the birds of Kansas. By N.S. Goss. Published under the direction of the Executive council. Topeka, Kansas Publishing House, 1883. url p. 6.
• A catalogue of the birds of the Virginias / by Wm. C. Rives. Newport, R.I.: Printed for the Society by T.T. Pitman, 1890. url p. 89.
• A catalogue of the collection of birds formed by the late Hugh Edwin Strickland. Cambridge, Univ. Press, 1882. url p. 68.
• A check list of North American birds. Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1882. url p. 29.
• A check list of North-American birds by Elliott Coues. Salem, Mass.: F.W. Putnam, 1879. url .
• A check list of Rhode Island nesting birds, with data. [Providence? R.I.], c1908. url p. 37.
• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. url p. 15.
• A comparison of the animal communities of coniferous and deciduous forests, Urbana, Ill., c1927 url p. 106.
• A consideration of some ornithological literature: with extracts from current criticism: I. 1876-1883 / by L.S. Foster. New York: s.n., 1894. url p. 21.
• A distributional list of the birds of Arizona / Hollywood, Calif.: Cooper Ornithological Club, 1914. url .
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• A faunal investigation of the Sault Ste. Marie region, Ontario / [Toronto]: Royal Ontario Museum, 1942. url p. 138.
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• A guide to the birds of New England and eastern New York; containing a key for each season and short descriptions of over two hundred and fifty species, with particular reference to their appearance in the field. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1904. url .
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• A list of the birds of Maryland / F.C. Kirkwood. Baltimore, Md., 1895. url p. 367.
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• A list of the birds of Maryland: giving dates of the arrival, departure and nesting periods of our regular birds, also including stragglers and such others as no doubt occur but are not recorded / Baltimore: Deutsch Lithographing & Print. Co.; 1895. url .
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2009. Sitta carolinensis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 04February2012.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 09, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Birds
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal British Columbia Museum
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• EMAN Provider: PIROP (Shipboard Surveys)
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Ornithology Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• Royal Ontario Museum: Bird specimens
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5140
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-178776
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2482044
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 178775
• IUCN ID: 242592
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPAZ01020
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 909

Footnotes

1. New Mexico Wildlife. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Version of April 24, 2009. [back]
2. Mean = 1,101.450 meters (3,613.681 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,319.320 based on 6,327 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.