Overview
Family : Parrotfishes ; Inhabits coral-rich areas of outer lagoon and seaward reefs[1]. Usually solitary[1]. Females usually in small groups with a male nearby; they may mix with females of similar species[2]. An uncommon fish patchily distributed through much of its range .
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Austronesian:
Surufuruf
Common Names in Austronesian (Other):
Surufuruf
Common Names in Carolinian:
Surufuruf
Common Names in English:
Greensnout parrotfish, loro, Pygmy parrotfish, Spiny parrotfish, Yellow-head parrotfish, Yellowhead Parrotfish
Common Names in Fijian:
Bubute, Kakarawa
Common Names in Japanese:
Shiro-obi-budai
Common Names in Malay:
Bayan
Common Names in Mandarin Chinese:
刺鸚嘴魚, 刺鹦嘴鱼, 鸚哥, 鹦哥
Common Names in Samoan:
Fuga-A´au, Fuga-a'au
Common Names in Surigaonon:
Molmol
Common Names in Tagalog:
Aliyakyak, loro, Mulmol
Common Names in Tagbanwa Calamian:
Malunaw, Mulmul
Common Names in Visayan:
Aliyakyak
Description
Habitat
Typically found in water with a depth of 0 to -5,004 meters (0 to -16,417 feet).[3]
Biome: Marine .
Ecology:
This species inhabits coral-rich areas of outer lagoon
and seaward
reefs in depths from 2 - 25 m
(Lieske and Myers 1994), usually 2-15
m (Myers 1999). It is usually solitary (Lieske and Myers 1994). Females
are usually in small groups with a male nearby; they may mix with
females of similar species (Kuiter and Tonozuka 2001).[4].
List of Habitats
:
- 9 Marine Neritic
- 9.8 Marine Neritic - Coral Reef
- 9.8.1 Outer Reef Channel
- 9.8.3 Foreslope (Outer Reef Slope )
- 9.8.4 Lagoon [more info]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Class:
Osteichthyes
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
()
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
()
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
()
- Superorder:
Acanthopterygii
()
- Order:
Perciformes
()
-
- Order:
Perciformes
(
- Superorder:
Acanthopterygii
(
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
(
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
(
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
(
- Class:
Osteichthyes
(
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Synonyms
Callyodon kelloggi Jordan & Seale • Callyodon kelloggii • Callyodon kelloggii Jordan & Seale • Pseudoscarus spinus • Pseudoscarus spinus Kner • Pseudoscarus spinus Kner, 1868 • Scarus spinus
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: Data
last modified by FishBase 08-Jun-1995
Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe
within
the family
Labridae. The genera Chlororus
and Scarus are two distinct
monophyletic lineages
(Smith et al.
2008).[4].
Similar Species
Members of the genus Scarus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 83 species and subspecies in this genus:
S. acroptilus (Rainbow Cale) · S. altipinnis (Filament-Finned Parrot Fish) · S. arabicus (Arabian Fangblenny) · S. atomarius (Black Crescent Parrotfish) · S. aurofrenatus (Red-Banded Parrotfish) · S. bicolor (Red-Speckled Parrotfish) · S. caudofasciatus (Redbarred Parrotfish) · S. chameleon (Chameleon Parrotfish) · S. chrysopterum (Blue Parrotfish) · S. coelestinus (Midnight Parrotfish) · S. coeruleus (Blue Parrotfish) · S. collana (Red Sea Mimic Blenny) · S. compressus (Azure Demoiselle) · S. zelindae (Striped Parrotfish) · S. cyanescens (Blue Humphead Parrotfish) · S. dimidiatus (Turquoise-Capped Parrotfish) · S. dubius (Whitelined Parrotfish) · S. enneacanthus (Captain Parrotfish) · S. falcipinnis (Greenbelly Parrotfish) · S. ferrugineus (Rusty Parrotfish) · S. festivus (Festive Parrotfish) · S. flavipectoralis (Yellow-Finned Parrotfish) · S. forsteni (Forsten´s Parrotfish) · S. frenatus (Vermiculate Parrotfish) · S. frontalis (Purplestreak Parrotfish) · S. fuscocaudalis (Darktail Parrotfish) · S. fuscopurpureus (Purple-Brown Parrotfish) · S. ghobban (Blue-Barred Orange Parrotfish) · S. globiceps (Violet-Lined Parrotfish) · S. guacamaia (Rainbow Parrotfish) · S. harid (Indian Ocean Longnose Parrotfish) · S. hoefleri (Guinean Parrot Fish) · S. hypselopterus (Yellow-Tail Parrotfish) · S. iseri (Striped Parrotfish) · S. zelindae (Mottlefin Parrotfish) · S. javanicus (Java Parrotfish) · S. koputea (Marquesan Parrotfish) · S. longiceps (Pacific Longnose Parrotfish) · S. longipinnis (Highfin Parrotfish) · S. maculipinna (Spot-Fin Parrotfish) · Chlorurus strongylocephalus (Pacific Steephead Parrotfish) · S. microrhinus (Pacific Steephead Parrotfish) · S. muricatus (Green Humphead Parrotfish) · S. niger (Swarthy Parrotfish) · S. obishime (Yellowtail Parrotfish) · S. oviceps (Yellow-Barred Parrotfish) · S. ovifrons (Knobsnout Parrotfish) · S. perrico (Bumphead Parrotfish (FB)) · S. persicus (Gulf Parrotfish) · S. perspicillatus (Spectacled Parrotfish) · S. prasiognathos (Green-Throat Parrotfish) · S. prasiognathus (Greenthroat Parrotfish) · S. psittacus (Rosy-Cheek Parrotfish) · S. pullus (Butterfish) · S. purpureus (Rainbow Wrasse) · S. pyrrostethus (Blue Banded Parrotfish) · S. quinquevittatus (Five Striped Surge Wrasse) · S. quoyi (Quoy's Parrotfish) · S. radians (Bucktooth Parrotfish) · S. rivulatus (Rivulated Parrotfish) · S. rubripinnis (Yellowtail Parrotfish) · S. rubrofasciatus (Redbarred Parrotfish) · S. rubronotatus (Russell's Parrotfish) · S. rubroviolaceus (Black-Veined Red Parrotfish) · S. russelii (Russell's Parrotfish) · S. scaber (Fivelined Threadfin Bream) · S. schlegeli (Five-Banded Parrotfish) · S. schlegeri (Brown Large-Eyed Croaker) · S. sordidus (Green-Finned Parrotfish) · S. spinus (Yellow-Head Parrotfish) · S. stellatus (Brown-Spotted Spinefoot) · S. strigatus (Strigate Parrotfish) · Chlorurus gibbus (Indian Ocean Steephead Parrotfish) · S. taeniopterus (Painted-Tail Parrotfish) · S. tricolor (Tricolour Parrotfish) · S. trispinosus (Greenback Parrotfish) · S. vaigiensis (Petroleum Parrotfish) · S. russelii (African Butter Catfish) · S. vetula (Joblin Crow Parrot) · S. viridifucatus (Green-Snout Parrotfish) · S. xanthopleura (Red-Latticed Parrotfish) · S. zelindae (Zelinda's Parrotfish) · S. zufar (Dhofar Parrotfish)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- The Natural history of Enewetak Atoll / edited by Dennis M. Devaney. .. [et al.]; prepared by Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Department of Energy. Oak Ridge, Tenn.: U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Energy Research, Office of Health and Environmental Research, Ecological Research Division, c1987. url p. 307.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
- FishBase
- FishBase 2006.
- FishBase. Release date: January 5, 2010
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 04, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- Russell, B., Choat, J.H., Clements, K.D., Rocha, L.A., Myers, R., Lazuardi, M.E., Muljadi, A., Rahardjo, P. & Pardede, S. 2010. Scarus spinus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 04February2012.
- Westneat, Mark (from FishBase).
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 04, 2008:
- FishBase: FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: AIMS LTM Fish (OBIS Australia)
- OZCAM (Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums) Provider: Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
- Royal Ontario Museum: Fish specimens
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 138064
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-25405
- Fishbase Species ID: 4974
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13724111
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 170842
- IUCN ID: 240945
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 123987
Footnotes
- Lieske, E. and R. Myers (1994). Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. [back]
- Kuiter, R. H. and Tonozuka (2001). Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 2. Fusiliers - Dragonets, Caesionidar - Callionymidae. Zoonetics, Australia. 304-622 p. [back]
- Mean = -499.600 meters (-1,639.108 feet), Standard Deviation = 839.950 based on 432 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
- Russell, B., Choat, J.H., Clements, K.D., Rocha, L.A., Myers, R., Lazuardi, M.E., Muljadi, A., Rahardjo, P. & Pardede, S. 2010. Scarus spinus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 February 2012. [back]
