Overview
Family : Guitarfishes ; Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms , from the intertidal zone to about 100 m. Sometimes near rocky reefs (Ref. 12951). Slow swimming over bottom or partially buried. Feeds on benthic invertebrates and fishes . Ovoviviparous, one or two litters per year with 4-10 embryos.
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Endangered |
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Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Albanian:
Peshk Kitar, Peshk kitarë
Common Names in Arabic:
Mourr
Common Names in Catalan:
Guitarra
Common Names in Croatian:
Ra, Ražopas
Common Names in Czech:
Rejnokovec Obecn, Rejnokovec obecný
Common Names in Danish:
Almindelig guitarfisk
Common Names in Dutch:
Gewone gitaarrog, Gewone vioolrog
Common Names in English:
Common guitarfish, common mediterranean guitarfish, Common violinfish, Guitarfish, Lengthened shape, Manta, Mediterranean longnose, Violinfish
Common Names in Finnish:
Kitararausku
Common Names in French:
Guitare, Guitare de mer commune, Poisson-guitare commun, Raie-Guitare Commune, Rhinobate commun, Rhinobate Commun De La M, Rhinobate commun de la Méditerranée, Violon de mer
Common Names in German:
Geigenrochen, gemeiner Geigenrochen, Gew, Gewöhnlicher Geigenrochen, Glattrochen, Hairochen
Common Names in Greek:
Rinovatos, Άγγελος, Καλκάνι, Κιθάρα, Ρίνα, Ρινόβατος, Σαλάχι
Common Names in Greek, Modern:
Rinovatos, Ρινόβατος
Common Names in Greek, Modern (1453):
Rinovatos, Ρινόβατος
Common Names in Italian:
Calascione, Catarre, Chetarre, Galascioene, Mandolino, Pesce chitarra, Pesce violino, Pesce viuline, Pesciu chitara, Pisci chitarra, Pisci viulinu, Quatra viuline, Squadre, Squadru monicu, Squotre, Viulinu
Common Names in Maltese:
Rebekkin, Vjolin
Common Names in Mandarin Chinese:
琴犁头鳐, 琴犁頭鰩
Common Names in Polish:
Rocha
Common Names in Portuguese:
Cassapai, Guitarra, Rabeca, Raia-de-altura, Raia-do-alto, Raia-Tubar, Raia-tubarão, Viola
Common Names in Russian:
скат-рoхля
Common Names in Spanish:
Guitarr?, Guitarra, Guitarra Com, Guitarra Com?n, Guitarra común, Manta, Picudos, Ray, Rayón, Rebeca, Viola
Common Names in Turkish:
Uzunkeler balığı
Description
Habitat
Biome: Marine .
Ecology:
The common guitarfish is a bottom
dwelling species with an aplacental
viviparous mode
of reproduction
mode (the maternal adult
gives birth
to live young which do not have a yolk sac
placenta). It can be found
over sandy, muddy, shell
and occasionally macro-algal covered substrates
(Whitehead et al.
1984, De Buen 1935). It inhabits shallow
waters in the intertidal zone to waters of up to 180 m
in depth.
This guitarfish tends to swim
slowly along the sea
bottom or partially
buries itself under the substrate, feeding upon benthic
invertebrates
and fish (Patokina and Litvinov 2005). Scientific trawl surveys in
Moroccan waters recorded the depth range of the common guitarfish
as 17 to 80 m in depth (M.
Hicham and A. Mouni pers. comm.
2006).
Bottom trawl surveys carried out off the coast of Sierra Leone indicate
that this is a sublittoral species which occurs between 10 and 100
m in depth. It was only found in waters deeper than 50 m during the
summer and autumnal
months and during the winter-spring seasons
this
guitarfish moves northwards (Litvinov 1993).
Whitehead
et al. (1984) reported the maximum size of the common guitarfish
as approximately 100 cm in total length (TL
). However, within the
Southern Mediterranean (the Gabés Gulf
), the maximum reported sizes
were slightly larger with 140 cm TL for males and 162 cm TL for females
(Capapé et al. 1996). Males reach maturity at 75 cm in TL,
females at 85 cm TL. The age at maturity is not known for either
sex, nor the longevity
of this species. The females have between
one and two litters
per year, with the gestation period
spanning
four months. Between 4 and 6 pups
are produced
per litter, measuring
30 cm at birth.
There is no information available on
the natural rate of mortality
that this species population experiences,
or any further details on its population and reproductive biology
.
[1].
List of Habitats
:
- 9 Marine Neritic
- 9.4 Marine Neritic - Subtidal Sandy [more info]
Taxonomy
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- animals
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Chordates
- Class:
Chondrichthyes
()
- Order:
Rajiformes
()
- Family:
its sandy and muddy bottoms, from the
intertida
()
- Subfamily:
Rhinobatinae
()
- Genus:
Rhinobatos
()
- Linck, 1790
- Specific name:
rhinobatos
- Form:
arine reserve), the PNO marine reserve (Orango Isl
- Scientific name: - Rhinobatos rhinobatos Linnaeus, 1758
- Form:
arine reserve), the PNO marine reserve (Orango Isl
- Specific name:
rhinobatos
- Genus:
Rhinobatos
(
- Subfamily:
Rhinobatinae
(
- Family:
its sandy and muddy bottoms, from the
intertida
(
- Order:
Rajiformes
(
- Class:
Chondrichthyes
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
Synonyms
Leiobatus panduratus Rafinesque • Raia columnae Blainville • Raja rhinobatos • Raja rhinobatos Linnaeus • Raja rhinobatos Linnaeus, 1758 • Rhinobatos rhinobatos • Rhinobatus columnae Bonaparte • Rhinobatus duhameli Blainville • Rhinobatus rhinobatus (Linnaeus • Squatinoraja colonna Nardo
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: Data
last modified by FishBase 30-Oct-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Rhinobatos
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 41 species and subspecies in this genus:
R. albomaculatus (White-Spotted Guitarfish) · R. annandalei (Annandale´s Shovelnose Ray) · R. annulatus (Lesser Guitarfish) · R. blochii (Bluntnose Guitarfish) · R. cemiculus (Blackchin Guitarfish) · R. formosensis (Taiwan Guitarfish) · R. glaucostigma (Splaty-Spotted Guitarfish) · R. granulatus (Granulated Guitarfish) · R. halavi (Halavi Guitarfish) · R. holcorhynchus (Slender Guitarfish) · R. horkeli (Annandale's Shovelnose Ray) · R. horkelii (Brazilian Guitarfish) · R. hynnicephalus (Ringstreaked Guitarfish) · R. irvinei (Spineback Guitarfish) · R. jimbaranensis (Jimbaran Shovelnose Ray) · R. lentiginosus (Freckled Guitarfish) · R. leucorhynchus (Fiddlefish) · R. leucospilus (Grayspottted Guitarfish) · R. lionotus (Norman's Shovelnose Ray) · R. microphthalmus (Smalleyed Guitarfish) · R. nudidorsalis (Bareback Shovelnose Ray) · R. obtusus (Blunt Shovel Nose Ray) · R. ocellatus (Speckled Guitarfish) · R. penggali (Indonesian Shovelnose Ray) · R. percellens (Southern Guitarfish) · R. petiti (Madagascar Guitarfish) · R. planiceps (Peruvian Guitarfish) · R. prahli (Gorgona Guitarfish) · R. productus (Northern Guitarfish) · R. punctifer (Spotted Guitarfish) · R. rhinobatos (Common Mediterranean Guitarfish) · R. sainsburyi (Goldeneye Shovelnose Ray) · R. salalah (Salalah Guitarfish) · R. holcorhynchus (Brown Guitarfish) · R. schlegelii (Beaked Guitar Fish) · R. spinosus (Spiny Guitarfish) · R. thouin (Bennet's Shovelnose Guitarfish) · R. thouiniana (Shaw's Shovelnose Guitar Fish) · R. typus (Austalian Guitarfish) · R. variegatus (Stripenose Guitarfish) · R. zanzibarensis (Zanzibar Guitarfish)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Current bibliography for aquatic sciences and fisheries. London, Taylor & Francis ltd. url p. 272.
- Dean bibliography of fishes. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1971-1973. url p. 182, p. 260, p. 505, p. 8.
- Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Editorial board: editor-in-chief John Tee-Van [and others] New Haven, Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale Univ., 1948- url p. 53, p. 55, p. 57.
- Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, 1979- url p. 336, p. 339.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Bradai, M.N., Morey, G., Marshall, A.D., Compagno, L.J.V., Mouni, A., Hicham, M., Bucal, D., Dulvy, N., Heenan, A. & Rui Coelho. 2007. Rhinobatos rhinobatos. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 04February2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 20, 2007:
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies - Trawl Surveys
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, iziko South African Museum - Shark Collection
- Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Ichtyologie
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 137393
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-25424
- Fishbase Species ID: 5016
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13851820
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 160819
- IUCN ID: 239479
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 123177
Footnotes
- Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Bradai, M.N., Morey, G., Marshall, A.D., Compagno, L.J.V., Mouni, A., Hicham, M., Bucal, D., Dulvy, N., Heenan, A. & Rui Coelho. 2007. Rhinobatos rhinobatos. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 February 2012. [back]
