Overview
Family : Snake mackerels ; Found in schools on continental shelf and slope . They are normally caught close to the sea bed but probably move into midwater at times[1]. Juveniles are pelagic , adults also occur near the surface off Tasmania and New Zealand. Dense schools of pre-spawners migrate along the continental slope at about 400 m during winter[2]. Feed on fish, squid and crustaceans. The flesh is of good edible quality and especially tasty when smoked. In Australia, the eastern gemfish stock has been subjected to a prolonged period of poor recruitment which started in 1989[3][1]. This event resulted in a very significant decline in the gemfish resource . In Australia, efforts are now being channeled towards the recovery of the fishery .
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Danish:
Kongeslangemakrel
Common Names in English:
Common Gemfish, Deepsea Kingfish, Eastern Gemfish, Gemfish, Hake, King Barracouta, King Barracuda, King Couta, Kingfish, Silver Gemfish, Silver Kingfish, Southern Kingfish
Common Names in French:
Escolier Royal, Escolier Tifiati
Common Names in German:
Gemeines
Common Names in Japanese:
Ookagokamasu
Common Names in Mandarin Chinese:
南短蛇鯖, 南短蛇鯖, 南短蛇鲭
Common Names in Maori:
Tiikati
Common Names in Polish:
Solandra Królewska, Solandra Krlewska
Common Names in Portuguese:
Escolar-Real
Common Names in Russian:
Bolshaya Reksiya
Common Names in Spanish:
Escolar Plateado
Description
Family Gempylidae
Usually found in very deep waters . Distribution: tropical and subtropical seas . Body elongate ; compressed . Exposed maxilla. Usually with isolated finlets after anal and dorsal fins. Pectoral fin inserted low on body. Pelvic fins lacking or very small. Caudal fin present.The family Gempylidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes ) and the Order Perciformes. It contains 16 genera and 23 species. It may be found in Marine environments and is primarily Marine. Members of this family are not used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is subcarangiform. Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be normal. Members of this family have been dated back to the Eocene epoch of the Tertiary period. Etymology of this family name : Greek, gempylos = a kind of fish
Habitat
Typically found in water with a depth of 0 to -4,875 meters (0 to -15,994 feet).[4]
Biome: Saltwater . Bathydemersal .
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- Auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Bony Fishes
- Class:
Actinopterygii
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Ray-Finned Fishes
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
()
- Ray-Finned Fishes
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
()
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
()
- Superorder:
Acanthopterygii
()
- Order:
Perciformes
()
-
- Suborder:
Scombroidei
()
- Family:
Gempylidae
()
- Snake Mackerels
- Genus:
Rexea
()
- (Cuvier, 1832)
- Specific name:
solandri
- (Cuvier, 1832)
- Scientific name: - Rexea solandri (Cuvier, 1832)
- Specific name:
solandri
- (Cuvier, 1832)
- Genus:
Rexea
(
- Family:
Gempylidae
(
- Suborder:
Scombroidei
(
- Order:
Perciformes
(
- Superorder:
Acanthopterygii
(
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
(
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
(
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
(
- Class:
Actinopterygii
(
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Gempylus solandri Cuvier, 1832
- Rexea furcifera Waite, 1911
- Thyrsites micropus Mccoy, 1873
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Group expert : Parin N.V., Data last modified by FishBase 22-Feb-1994
Similar Species
Members of the genus Rexea
There are approximately 9 species in this genus:
R. alisae · R. antefurcata (Long-Finned Escolar) · R. bengalensis (Bengal Escolar) · R. brevilineata (Short-Lined Escolar) · R. furcifera · R. nakamurai (Nakamura's Escolar) · R. prometheodes · R. prometheoides (Prometheus Gemfish) · R. solandri (Southern Kingfish)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
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- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) url p. 105, p. 170.
- De la Paz, R.M. and R. Interior (1979). Deep-sea fishes off Lubang Island, Philippines. Nat. Applied Sci. Bull. 31(3-4):175 p.
- Fishery bulletin / U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service: ENG url p. 253.
- Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve (1993). Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p.
- Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin (1993). FAO species catalogue. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (Families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). FAO Fish. Synop. 15(125):136 p.
- Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin 1997. Snake Mackerels and Cutlassfishes of the world (Families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae): An annotated and illustrated catalogue of snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes, scabbardfishes, hairtails. FAO Fisheries Synopsis (125), vol. 15. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy.
- Nakamura, I., and N. V. Parin 1993. Snake Mackerels and Cutlassfishes of the World (Families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae): An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of the Snake Mackerels, Snoeks, Escolars, Gemfishes, Sackfishes, Domine, Oilfish, Cutlassfishes, Scabbardfishes, Hairtails. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, no. 125, vol. 15. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy. vii + 136. ISBN: 92-5-103124-X.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 10, 2006.
- FishBase
- FishBase 2006.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 05, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 7 providers.
- Parin, Nikolay V. (from FishBase).
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 05, 2008:
- FishBase: FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Bureau of Rural Sciences National commercial fisheries half-degree data set 2000-2002 (OBIS Australia)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: CSIRO Marine Data Warehouse (OBIS Australia)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: South Western Pacific Regional OBIS Data provider for the NIWA Marine Biodata Information System
- Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
- Museum national d'histoire naturelle: Ichtyologie
- National Chemical Laboratory: IndOBIS, Indian Ocean Node of OBIS
- OZCAM (Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums) Provider: Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
- Royal Ontario Museum: Fish specimens
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3864819
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-27035
- Fishbase Species ID: 8490
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13840458
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 550883
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 123004
Footnotes
- Rowling, K.R. (1994). Gemfish, Rexea solandri. p. 115-123. In R.D.J. Tilzey (ed.) The South East Fishery: a scientific review with reference to quota management. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Australian Government Print Service, Canberra. 360 p. [back]
- May, J.L. and J.G.H. Maxwell (1986). Trawl fish from temperate waters of Australia. CSIRO Division of Fisheries Research, Tasmania. 492 p. [back]
- Rowling, K. (1995). Eastern gemfish ...will they come back? Aust. Fish. (May):8-9. [back]
- Mean = -580.420 meters (-1,904.265 feet), Standard Deviation = 834.300 based on 3,252 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
