Overview
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Mammal. A native of the Indian sub-continent, this rat has now spread throughout the world. It will feed on and damage almost any edible thing. Ship rats are widespread in forest and woodlands as well as being able to live in and around buildings. A very agile rat, it often frequents the tree tops searching for food and nesting there in bunches of leaves and twigs .
Interesting Facts
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Common Names
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Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
black rat, Blue rat, European house rat, House Rat, roof rat, Root rat, Ship rat
Common Names in French:
rat noir
Common Names in German:
Hausratte
Common Names in Russian:
Крыса черная
Common Names in Spanish:
Rata Negra
Description
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Physical Description
Species Rattus rattus
A slender rat with large hairless ears, it may be grey-brown on the back with either a similarly coloured or creamish-white belly, or it may be black all over. The uniformly-coloured tail is always longer than the head and body length combined. Its body weight is usually between 120 and 160 g but it can exceed 200 g.The work of Yosida (1980) and his co-workers has shown that there are two forms of R. rattus that differ in chromosome number. The more widespread Oceanic form has 38 chromosomes and is the ship rat of Europe, the Mediterranean region, America, Australia and New Zealand. Present indications are that it is the Oceanic form that has reached islands in the South Pacific, but studies are needed to confirm this. The Asian form has probably reached some islands north of the equator, e.g. the Caroline Islands. On the basis of colour variation in rats on Ponape and Koror Islands, described by Johnson (1962) as Rattus rattus mansorius, we suspect that these rats may be the Asian form of R. rattus (Source: SPREP).
Habitat
Ship rats can be widespread, utilising most habitat types , but they show a preference for drier habitats. They generally avoid swimming.
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 5,469 meters (0 to 17,943 feet).[1]
Ecology:
Primarily commensal, but also found in a variety of natural and semi-natural
habitats
.[2].
List of Habitats:
- 1 Forest
- 1.1 Forest - Boreal
- 1.2 Forest - Subarctic
- 1.4 Forest - Temperate
- 1.5 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
- 1.6 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland
- 1.7 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level
- 3 Shrubland
- 3.4 Shrubland - Temperate
- 3.5 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
- 3.6 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist
- 3.7 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude
- 3.8 Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation
- 4 Grassland
- 4.1 Grassland - Tundra
- 4.2 Grassland - Subarctic
- 4.3 Grassland - Subantarctic
- 5 Wetlands (inland)
- 5.4 Wetlands (inland) - Bogs , Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands
- 14 Artificial/Terrestrial
- 14.1 Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land
- 14.2 Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland
- 14.3 Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations
- 14.4 Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens
- 14.5 Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas
- 14.6 Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest [more info]
Biology
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Reproduction
A placental
mammal with dependent
young.Litter size 3-10 (average
5-8), with frequency of litters
dependent on season
and food supply.
The interval between litters may be as little as 27 days.
Gestation
20-22 days. Weaning
21-28 days. Sexual maturity 3-4 months.
Total life may not exceed two years.
Taxonomy
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- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
()
- Goodrich, 1930
- Class:
Mammalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
()
- (Rowe, 1988) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
()
- (Wible et al., 1995) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Legion:
Cladotheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
()
- (McKenna, 1975) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Supercohort:
Theria
()
- (Parker & Haswell, 1897) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Cohort:
Placentalia
()
- (Owen, 1837) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
()
- (Mckenna, 1975) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
()
- (McKenna, 1975) McKenna, in Stucky & McKenna, in Benton, ed., 1993
- Grandorder:
Anagalida
()
- (Szalay & McKenna, 1971) McKenna, 1975
- Mirorder:
Simplicidentata
()
- (Weber, 1904) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Order:
Rodentia
()
- Bowdich, 1821
- Rodents
- Suborder:
Myomorpha
()
- Brandt, 1855
- Infraorder:
Myodonta
()
- (Schaub, in Grass & Dekeyser, 1955) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Superfamily:
Muroidea
()
- Illiger, 1811
- Family:
Muridae
()
- (Illiger, 1811) Gray, 1821
- Subfamily:
Murinae
()
- Genus:
Rattus
()
- Fischer de Waldheim, 1803
- Specific name:
rattus
- (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Form: ; Name Status: Accepted Name .
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- Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science, Mammal specimens
- Mammal Research Institute PAS, Mammal Collection
- Marine Science Institute, UCSB, Paleobiology Database
- Michigan State University Museum, Vertebrate specimens
- Museum of Texas Tech University
- , Mammal specimens
- OZCAM
- Provider, Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
- Royal Ontario Museum, Mammal specimens
- Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
- Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Mammal Collection
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Biological Records Centre - Mammal records from Britain from the Atlas of Mammals
- , with some subsequent records
- UNIBIO, IBUNAM, CNMA/Coleccion Nacional de Mamiferos
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-180362
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 180362
- IUCN ID: 239002
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AMAFF21010
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 9206
- Mean = 245.880 meters (806.693 feet), Standard Deviation = 458.860 based on 1,256 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
- Amori, G., Hutterer, R., Kryštufek, B., Yigit, N., Mitsain, G. & Muñoz, L.J.P. 2008. Rattus rattus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 February 2012. [back]
Last scrutiny: 02-May-2001Similar Species
[ Back to top ]Members of the genus Rattus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 82 species and subspecies in this genus:
R. adustus (Burnished Enggano Rat) · R. andamanensis (Indochinese Forest Rat) · R. annandalei (Annandales Sundaic Rat) · R. arfakienis (Vogelkop Mountain Rat) · R. argentiventer (Ricefield Rat) · R. argentiventer argentiventer (Rice-Field Rat) · R. arrogans (Western New Guinea Mountain Rat) · R. baluensis (Kinabalu Rat) · R. blangorum (Aceh Rat) · R. bontanus (Southwestern Xanthurus Rat) · R. burrus (Millers Nicobar Rat) · R. colletti (Dusky Rat) · R. elaphinus (Sula Archipelago Rat) · R. enganus (Enggano Island Rat) · R. everetti (Philippine Forest Rat) · R. exulans (Polynesian Rat) · R. feliceus (Spiny Seram Island Rat) · R. foramineus (Hole Rat) · R. fuscipes (Bush Rat) · R. fuscipes fuscipes (Bush Rat) · R. giluwensis (Giluwe Rat) · R. hainaldi (Hainalds Flores Island Rat) · R. hoffmanni (Hoffmann's Sulawesi Rat) · R. hoogerwerfi (Hoogerwerfs Sumatran Rat) · R. jobiensis (Yapen Rat) · R. koopmani (Koopmans Peleng Island Rat) · R. korinchi (Sumatran Mountain Rat) · R. leucopus (Mottle-Tailed Rat) · R. leucopus leucopus (Mottle-Tailed Rat) · R. losea (Losea Rat) · R. losea losea (Lesser Rice-Field Rat) · R. lugens (Mentawai Archipelago Rat) · R. lutreolus (Australian Swamp Rat) · R. macleari (Christmas Island Rat) · R. marmosurus (Marmoset Xanthurus Rat) · R. mindorensis (Mindoro Mountain Rat) · R. mollicomulus (Lampobatang Sulawesi Rat) · R. montanus (Sri Lankan Mountain Rat) · R. mordax (Eastern Rat) · R. morotaiensis (Halmahara Rat) · R. nativitatis (Christmas Island Rat) · R. niobe (Moss-Forest Rat) · R. nitidus (Himalayan Field Rat) · R. norvegicus (Norway Rat) · R. norvegicus albinicus (Norway Rat) · R. norvegicus norvegicus (Norway Rat) · R. norvegicus var. albus (Norway Rat) · R. novaeguineae (Papua New Guinea Rat) · R. omichlodes (Arianus's Rat) · R. osgoodi (Osgoods Vietnamese Rat) · R. palmarum (Zelebors Nicobar Rat) · R. pelurus (Peleng Island Xanthurus Rat) · R. pococki (Pococks Highland Rat) · R. praetor (Large Spiny Rat) · R. pyctoris (Himalayan Rat) · R. ranjiniae (Ranjinis Field Rat) · R. rattus (European House Rat) · R. rattus alexandrinus (Black Rat) · R. rattus argentiventer (Rice-Field Rat) · R. rattus norvegicus (Norway Rat) · R. rattus sladeni (Black Rat) · R. richardsoni (Glacier Rat) · R. ruber (Red-Barred Rubble Goby) · R. salocco (Southeastern Xanthurus Rat) · R. sanila (New Ireland Rat) · R. sikkimensis (Sikkim Rat) · R. simalurensis (Simalur Archipelago Rat) · R. sordidus (Australian Dusky Field Rat) · R. sordidus sordidus (Australian Dusky Field Rat) · R. steini (Small Spiny Rat) · R. stoicus (Andaman Rat) · R. tanezumi (Oriental House Rat) · R. tawitawiensis (Tawitawi Forest Rat) · R. timorensis (Timor Forest Rat) · R. tiomanicus (Malaysian Field Rat) · R. tunneyi (Tunney's Rat) · R. tunneyi tunneyi (Pale Field Rat) · R. turkestanicus (Turkestan Rat) · R. vandeuseni (Van Deusen's Rat) · R. verecundus (Slender Rat) · R. villosissimus (Long-Haired Rat) · R. xanthurus (Northeastern Xanthurus Rat)
More Info
[ Back to top ]Further Reading
[ Back to top ]Notes
[ Back to top ]Contributors
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:
Identifiers
Footnotes
- Specific name:
rattus
- (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Genus:
Rattus
(
- Subfamily:
Murinae
(
- Family:
Muridae
(
- Superfamily:
Muroidea
(
- Infraorder:
Myodonta
(
- Suborder:
Myomorpha
(
- Order:
Rodentia
(
- Mirorder:
Simplicidentata
(
- Grandorder:
Anagalida
(
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
(
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
(
- Cohort:
Placentalia
(
- Supercohort:
Theria
(
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
(
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
(
- Legion:
Cladotheria
(
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
(
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
(
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
(
- Class:
Mammalia
(
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Last Revised: 2012-05-09
