Rana palustris

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Prefers waters that are cool and clear, and can be found in a variety of wooded habitats with nearby bogs or shaded streams . Prefers to locate in low, dense vegetation near cool, shaded bodies of water. Often more common along streams than other large frogs . At times, it will move well away from water into grassy fields .

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,279 meters (0 to 4,196 feet).[1]

Ecology: There are various habitats in wooded regions; vicinity of cool clear streams and ponds in north; warm, turbid swamps in parts of south. Disperses from water's edge into fields and woods in some regions. When inactive , hides at bottom of water body or in caves in some areas. Eggs and larvae develop in standing water of woodland ponds, bog ponds, stream pools, sloughs , and flooded ditches; often in sites with few or no fishes (e.g. , Holomuzki 1995).[2]

List of Habitats: 1.4 Forest - Temperate 3.4 Shrubland - Temperate 4.4 Grassland - Temperate 5.1 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls ) 5.2 Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular Rivers/Streams/Creeks 5.4 Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens , Peatlands 5.5 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) 5.6 Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) 5.7 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) 5.9 Wetlands (inland) - Freshwater Springs and Oases 14.1 Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land 14.2 Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland 15.2 Artificial/Aquatic - Ponds (below 8ha) 15.9 Artificial/Aquatic - Canals and Drainage Channels , Ditches

Biology

Diet

Eats insects and other small invertebrates .

Reproduction

The Pickerel Frog breeds in late winter and early spring . The female lays up to 2,500 eggs in several masses in shallow water. Eggs are brown and yellow, and egg masses form jelly-like globs underwater. Eggs are attached to submerged vegetation or other solid underwater structures. Transformation from egg to tadpole to frog can take up to three months

Behavior

The Pickerel Frog secretes an irritating substance through its skin which makes it unappetizing to some predators . If kept in captivity with other frogs, its skin secretion will kill them. Snakes that normally eat frogs will avoid this species.

The pickerel frog is generally nocturnal , often remaining concealed in waterside vegetation. Pickerel frogs generally do not wander as far from water as Leopard Frogs. It is dormant during the coldest winter months.

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Rana palustris mansuetii Hardy, 1964

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 29-Aug-2005

Similar Species

The distinctiveness of the blotches and the color of the belly and legs make this an easy frog to identify. The Southern Leopard Frog is the only frog in Georgia that could be confused with the Pickerel Frog. The Southern Leopard Frog has rounded spots and does not have the yellow to orange coloring on the lower belly and thighs that the Pickerel Frog possesses. The Pickerel Frogs can also be distinguished from similar Southern Leopard Frogs by its squarish dorsal spots.

Members of the genus Rana

There are approximately 663 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

R. (Hylarana) · R. (Paa) minica · R. aberae · R. aberdariensis · R. abyssinica · R. acanthi · R. adenopleura · R. adspersa · R. adspersa edulis · R. aequiplicata · R. aesopus · R. affinis · R. afghana · R. agilis · R. albolabris · R. albotuberculata · R. alsopus · R. altaica · R. alticola · R. amamiensis · R. amieti · R. amnicola · R. amurensis · R. amurensis coreana · R. anchietae · R. andersonii · R. angolensis · R. angolensis chapini · R. anlungensis · R. ansorgii · R. apilis · R. aragonensis · R. arathooni · R. archotaphus · R. areolata (Crawfish Frog) · R. areolata aesopus (Crawfish Frog) · R. areolata areolata (Southern Crawfish Frog) · R. areolata capito · R. areolata circulosa (Northern Crawfish Frog) · R. areolata sevosa · R. arfaki · R. arvalis · R. arvalis arvalis · R. arvalis wolterstorffi · R. asiatica · R. asiatria · R. aspera · R. asperata (Yangambi Butterbarbel) · R. asperrima · R. attigua · R. aurantiaca · R. aurata · R. aurora (California Red-Legged Frog) · R. aurora aurora (California Red-Legged Frog) · R. aurora cascadae · R. aurora draytoni · R. aurora draytonii (California Red-Legged Frog) · R. austricola · R. bacboensis · R. balcanica · R. banaorum · R. banjarana · R. bannanica · R. baramica · R. barbouri · R. basaltica · R. beddomii · R. bedriagae · R. bergeri (Italian Poolfrog) · R. berlandieri (Rio Grande Leopard Frog) · R. berlandieri forreri · R. betsileanus · R. bibronii · R. bicolor · R. binotata · R. blairi (Plains Leopard Frog) · R. blythi · R. blythii · R. bolavensis · R. boulengeri · R. boylei · R. boyli · R. boylii (Foothill Yellow Legged Frog) · R. boylii boylii (Foothill Yellow-Legged Frog) · R. boylii mucosa · R. boylii muscosa · R. boylii sierrae · R. boyli boyli · R. brachycephala · R. brama · R. breviceps · R. brevipalmata · R. brevipoda · R. brownorum · R. bunoderma · R. burnsi · R. bwana · R. bwanade · R. cacondana · R. caldwelli

More Info

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Further Reading

• A check list of North American amphibians and reptiles / by Leonhard Stejneger and Thomas Barbour. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; [etc., etc.]1923. ENG url p. 36, p. 41.
• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. ENG url p. 24.
• A course in vertebrate zoology, a guide to the dissection and the comparative study of vertebrate animals, by Henry Sherring Pratt Boston, Ginn and company[c1925] ENG url p. 91.
• A laboratory course in general zoölogy; a guide to the dissection and comparative study of animals, by Henry Sherring Pratt Boston, Ginn and Company[c1927] ENG url p. 165.
• A manual of land and fresh water vertebrate animals of the United States (exclusive of birds) by Henry Sherring Pratt Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son and Co., inc.[c1935] ENG url p. 169, p. 170.
• Abhandlungen. Berlin, W. de Gruyter [etc.] GER url p. 162.
• Agriculture of Maine. annual report of the Secretary of the Maine Board of Agriculture. Augusta, 1857-1901. ENG url p. 142.
• Amphibian Data. For additional documentation about utilization and CITES status, click on the Global Amphibian Assessment (GAA) link above to see the GAA account for this species or alternatively follow this link to the search function on the Global Amphibian Assessment web site and run your own search.
• Amphibians and reptiles of the Chicago area, by Clifford H. Pope. [Chicago]Chicago natural history museum, 1944. ENG url p. 127, p. 6.
• Analysis of development, edited by Benjamin H. Willier, Paul A. Weiss [and] Viktor Hamburger. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1955. ENG url p. 143, p. 150, p. 291, p. 404.
• Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 255.
• Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Sciences, Arts et Commerce du Puy. Puy. url p. 441.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 112, p. 123, p. 129, p. 74.
• Annual report of the Commissioner of Fisheries to the Secretary of Commerce for the fiscal year ended Washington: G.P.O., 1914- ENG url p. 38.
• Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 273.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.
• Barbour, R.W. 1971. Amphibians and Reptiles of Kentucky. University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. x + 334 pp.
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• Handwörterbuch der naturwissenschaften / hrsg. von prof. dr. E. Korschelt (zoologie) prof. dr. G. Linck (mineralogie und geologie) prof. dr. F. Oltmanns (botanik) prof. dr. K. Schaum (chemie) prof. dr. H. Th. Simon (physi Jena: G. Fischer, 1912-1915. GER url p. 10, p. 6, p. 625, p. 7.
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• Zoology for high schools and colleges / by A. S. Packard New York: H. Holt and company, c[1892], 1893. ENG url p. 487.
• Zoology of New York; or, The New York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals hitherto observed within the state of New York, with brief notices of those occasionally found near its borders, and accompa by James E. De Kay. Albany: W. and A. White and J. Visscher: 1842-44. ENG url p. 62, p. 97.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 21, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 29, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 10 providers.
• Hammerson, G. 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Pippen, Jeffrey S. Jeff's Nature Page. Accessed December 8, 2007.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 29, 2008:

• Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Amphibians
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• California Academy of Sciences: CAS Herpetology Collection Catalog
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Amphibian and Reptile Collection - Anura
• Carnegie Museums: Amphibians and Reptiles
• EMAN Provider: FrogWatch Canada
• Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Herpetology Collection - Amphibian Database
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• Yale University Peabody Museum: Peabody Herp Collection DiGIR provider Service

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2475592
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-173435
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13801030
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 173435
• IUCN ID: 58690
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AAABH01160
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 948

Footnotes

1. Mean = 240.800 meters (790.026 feet), Standard Deviation = 236.100 based on 344 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Hammerson, G. 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008. [back]

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