Pungitius pungitius

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Found in shallow vegetated areas of lakes , ponds , and pools of sluggish streams ; sometimes in open water over sand [2]. Marine populations found near shore and move into fresh water to spawn [2].

Typically found in a lake at a mean distance from sea level of 104 meters (341 feet).[3]

Ecology: Habitat :
Small freshwater streams and ponds , with dense aquatic vegetation. Enters brackish water along shores of Baltic and Barents Seas , rarely along North Sea shore.

Biology :
Individuals born in early spring may mature in 3 months and spawn the same year. Territorial during spawning season , in March-September in central Europe, June-July in Arctic areas. Males build a tube-shaped nest anchored on aquatic vegetation or to the bottom , with a separate entrance and exit. The nest is made of pieces of plants or filamentous algae. Males guard nest from spawning until larvae swim away a few weeks later. Eggs hatch in 6-7 days. Feeds predominantly on aquatic invertebrates .[4].

List of Habitats:

•     5     Wetlands (inland)   
  
•     5.1     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls )   
  
•     5.7     Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

Feeds on small invertebrates ; also on aquatic insects and their eggs and larvae[5].

Reproduction

Eggs are found in nests constructed from plant material [6].

Migration

There appears to be seasonal movements inshore to shallow water in the spring for spawning, and, in the fall , offshore to deep water , or even to the less saline parts of the sea , by the young and adults that survive spawning[1].

Behavior

Predators:

When abundant, it is preyed upon by other fishes [5]; also preyed by birds[1].

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Gasteracanthus pungitius (Linnaeus • Gasterosteus blanchardi Sauvage • Gasterosteus burgundianus (Non Blanchard • Gasterosteus concinnus Richardson • Gasterosteus dekayi Agassiz • Gasterosteus globiceps Sauvage • Gasterosteus mainensis Storer • Gasterosteus nebulosus Agassiz • Gasterosteus occidentalis Cuvier • Gasterosteus pungitia burgundianus (Non Blanchard • Gasterosteus pungitius brachypoda Bean • Gasterosteus pungitius Linnaeus • Pungitius pungitius • Pungitius pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus • Pygosteus pungitius (Linnaeus • Pygosteus pungitius brachypoda (Bean • Pygosteus pungitius carinata Bertin • Pygosteus pungitius semiarmata Bertin • Pygosteus pungitius trachura Bertin

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: Data last modified by FishBase 02-Jan-1996

Similar Species

Fish Name Spines on Back Similarity Index Brook Stickleback 4-6 (usually 5), simiarly sized and unconnected Moderately similar Ninespine Stickleback 8-11 (usually 9), similarly sized N/A Threespine Stickleback 2-4 (usually 3), differently sized; first two spines much larger than the third (or forth if present) Moderately similar

Members of the genus Pungitius

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 7 species and subspecies in this genus:

P. hellenicus (Ellinopyg?steos) · P. laevis (Western Ninespine Stickleback) · P. platygaster (Ukranian Stickleback) · P. platygaster aralensis (Aral Stickleback) · P. pungitius (Nine-Spined Stickleback) · P. sinensis (Amur Nine-Spined Stickleback) · P. tymensis (Sakhalin Nine-Spined Stickleback)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A biological survey of the waters of Woods Hole and vicinity / By Francis B. Sumner, Raymond C. Osburn, and Leon J. Cole. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1913 url p. 164, p. 746, p. 855.
• A checklist of Canadian Atlantic fishes with keys for identification / Toronto, Royal Ontario Museum, 1965 url , p. 11, p. 58.
• A guide book to the marine fishes of Rhode Island. Photos by the author. Watch Hill, R. I., Book and Tackle Shop[1960] url p. 102, p. 44.
• A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Report presented at the eighty-ninth annual meeting, Clearwater, Fla., Sept. 16-18, 1959. Ann Arbor, Mich., 1960. url p. 23.
• A manual of land and fresh water vertebrate animals of the United States (exclusive of birds) by Henry Sherring Pratt. .. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., inc.[c1935] url p. 104.
• Adult and juvenile fish populations near the D.C. Cook Nuclear Power Plant Southeastern Lake Michigan, during preoperational (1973-74) and operational (1975-79) years / Ann Arbor, Mich.: Great Lakes Research Division, the University of Michigan, 1985. url p. 9.
• Adult and juvenile fish, ichthyoplankton and benthos populations in the vicinity of the J. H. Campbell Power Plant, eastern Lake Michigan, 1977 / Ann Arbor, Mich.: Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan, 1978. url p. 250, p. 500, p. 505, p. 506, p. 55.
• Adult, juvenile and larval fish in the vicinity of the J.H. Campbell Power Plant, eastern Lake Michigan, 1978 / Ann Arbor, Mich.: Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan, 1979. url p. 333, p. 568.
• Adult, juvenile and larval fish populations in the vicinity of the J.H. Campbell Power Plant, eastern Lake Michigan, 1979 / Ann Arbor, Mich.: Great Lakes Research Division, The University of Michigan, 1980. url p. 51.
• An annotated catalogue of the fishes of Maine. Portland, Me., 1914. url p. 108, p. 122, p. 129, p. 150, p. 157, p. 158, p. 180, p. 185.
• An ecological characterization of Coastal Maine (north and east of Cape Elizabeth) / Stewart I. Fefer and Patricia S. Schettig: principal investigators. Newton Corner, Mass.: Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Region, 1980. url , , .
• Biosphere Reserves, Compilation 4, October 1986: programme on man and the biosphere (MAB) IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 438.
• Bulletin / Illinois Natural History Survey. Urbana, State of Illinois, Dept. of Registration and Education, Natural History Survey Division, 1918-1985. url p. 486, p. 499.
• Bulletin / Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington: G.P.O., 1901-1971. url p. 37.
• Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, D.C.: The Society, 1918- url p. 119.
• Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries. Washington, D.C.: Govt. Print. Off., 1905-1950. url p. 164, p. 166, p. 3, p. 562.
• Bulletin. [Hanover, N.H.]: New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, 1888-1948. url p. 12.
• Camallanata of animals and man and diseases caused by them = Kamallanaty zhivotnykh i cheloveka i vyzyvaemye ime zabolevaniya / V. M. Ivashkin, A. A. Sobolev, and L. A. Khromova; translated from Russian [by Hilary Hardin]. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 1977. url p. 28.
• Commercial fisheries review. [Washington]: National Marine Fisheries Service; [for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.] url p. 40, p. 53.
• Comprehensive plan for the Illinois Nature Preserves System. Rockford, Ill.: Illinois Nature Preserves Commission, 1972-1973. url p. 32.
• Contributions to Canadian biology. Toronto, Biological Board of Canada. url p. 61.
• Current bibliography for aquatic sciences and fisheries. London, Taylor & Francis ltd. url p. 260, p. 265, p. 279, p. 286, p. 323, p. 68.
• Dean bibliography of fishes. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1971-1973. url p. 182, p. 184, p. 208, p. 252, p. 253, p. 264, p. 266, p. 267, p. 270, p. 271, p. 274, p. 277, p. 278, p. 285, p. 286, p. 288, p. 291, p. 292, p. 295, p. 304, p. 339, p. 411, p. 448, p. 457, p. 468, p. 47, p. 529, p. 531, p. 550, p. 567, p. 578, p. 587, p. 589, p. 603, p. 617, p. 619, p. 620, p. 626, p. 627, p. 631, p. 632, p. 634, p. 638, p. 639, p. 647, p. 657, p. 662, p. 696, p. 702, p. 707.
• Directory of Wetlands of International Importance. IUCN url p. 776.
• Distribution and abundance of fishes and invertebrates in North Atlantic estuaries. Silver Spring, Md.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, 1994- url p. 113, p. 157, p. 4, p. 51, p. 88.
• Environmental assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf: Annual reports of principal investigators. [Boulder, Colo.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Office of Marine Pollution Assessment, url p. 17, p. 175.
• FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. url p. 25.
• Fauna of New England, 8. List of the pisces, by William C. Kendall. Boston, Printed for the [Boston] Society [of Natural History] from the G. Saltonstall Fund, 1908. url p. 61.
• Fauna of New England. Boston, Printed for the [Boston] Society [of Natural History] from the Gurdon Saltonstall Fund, 1904-25. url .
• Fauna of the Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula, by Olaus J. Murie. Invertebrates and fishes collected in the Aleutians, 1936-38, by Victor B. Scheffer. Washington, Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1959 url p. 404.
• Field distribution and entrainment of fish larvae and eggs at the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Power Plant, southeastern Lake Michigan: 1973-1979 / Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, Great Lakes Research Division, 1984. url p. 14, p. 16, p. 75.
• Fishery bulletin / U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service: url , , , p. 1059, p. 201.
• Fishery bulletin. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, The Service, U.S. Govt Print. Off. url , p. 307, p. 539, p. 540, p. 575.
• Fishery circular / U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries. [Washington]: The Bureau, 1931-1939. url p. 15, p. 17, p. 183, p. 26, p. 4, p. 51, p. 7, p. 8.
• Fishes occurring in the fresh waters of insular Newfoundland / Ottawa: Canada Dept. of Fisheries, 1964. url p. 102, p. 103, p. 108, p. 12, p. 120, p. 123, p. 87, p. 88, p. 92, p. 97, p. 98.
• Fishes of Canada's national capital region = Poissons de la région de la capitale du Canada / Ottawa: Dept. of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, 1974. url p. 180, p. 198.
• Fishes of Maine. Augusta, Maine Dept. of Inland Fisheries and Game, 1950. url p. 52.
• Fishes of northern Ontario, north of the Albany River / Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, c1964 url p. 22, p. 23, p. 30.
• Fishes of the Gulf of Maine, by Henry B. Bigelow and William C. Schroeder. Washington, United States Government Printing Office, 1953. url , p. 307, p. 575.
• Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. By Henry B. Bigelow. .. and William W. Welsh. .. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1925. url p. 3, p. 562.
• Guide to marine fishes; [a new method for identification of marine fishes. New York]New York University Press[1961] url p. 278, p. 338, p. 429.
• Inshore Lake Michigan fish populations near the D.C. Cook Nuclear Power Plant during preoperational years, 1973, 1974 / Ann Arbor, Mich.: Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan, 1979. url p. 44, p. 516, p. 522.
• Keys to the fishes of Washington, Oregon and closely adjoining regions, by Leonard P. Schultz. Seattle, Wash., University of Washington Press, 1936. url p. 159.
• Limnology of tundra ponds, Barrow, Alaska / edited by John E. Hobbie. Stroudsburg, Pa.: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross; c1980. url p. 461.
• Man and the biological world [by] J. Speed Rogers, Theodore H. Hubbell [and] C. Francis Byers; with illus. by William L. Brudon. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1952. url p. 660.
• Monitoring the marine environment of Long Island Sound at Millstone Nuclear Power Station, Waterford, Connecticut: three operational studies, 1986-1987 / [prepared by the Environmental Laboratory staff of Northeast Utilities Service Company]. Waterford, Connecticut: Northeast Utilities, [1988] url p. 304, p. 307.
• NOAA technical report NMFS SSRF. Seattle, Wash.: National Marine Fisheries Service; url p. 2.
• National overview and evolution of NOAA's Estuarine Living Marine Resources (ELMR) Program / David M. Nelson and Mark E. Monaco. Silver Spring. Md.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, 2000. url p. 17, p. 7.
• New Haven Harbor ecological studies summary report, 1970-1977 / prepared for the United Illuminating Company, New Haven, Connecticut by Normandeau Associates, inc., Bedford, New Hampshire; edited by Andrew J. McCusker, Weldon S. Bosworth. Bedford, N.H.: Normandeau, 1979. url p. 13.
• Non-native fishes inhabiting the streams and lakes of Illinois / Champaign, Ill.: Illinois Natural History Survey, [1996] url p. 34.
• North American fauna. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 404, p. 404.
• Northern fishes: with special reference to the Upper Mississippi Valley / [by] Samuel Eddy and Thaddeus Surber. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, [1947] url , p. 256, p. 274.
• Postilla. 1969 New Haven, Conn.: Peabody Museum of Natural History, [1950?]-c2004. url p. 10, p. 10.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url p. 437, p. 437, p. 549, p. 549.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 156, p. 191.
• Publications in zoology = Publications en zoologie. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1970-1982. url p. 13, p. 3, p. 4, p. 40, p. 41, p. 42, p. 52, p. 87.
• Report of the United States Commissioner of Fisheries for the fiscal year. .. with appendixes Washington: G.P.O., 1914- url p. 239.
• Report on the progress and condition of the U.S. National Museum for the year ending June 30. .. / Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum. Washington: G.P.O., 1907-1951. url p. 125.
• Some considerations on the distribution of fishes in Ontario. [Toronto]: Printed by the University of Toronto Press, 1944. url p. 115, p. 32.
• Special scientific report--wildlife / U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service, 1949- url p. 47, p. 680.
• Special scientific report. Seattle, National Marine Fisheries Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1971. url , , p. 1, p. 13, p. 2, p. 2, p. 24, p. 49.
• Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 10, p. 105, p. 115, p. 12, p. 128, p. 132, p. 139, p. 142, p. 16, p. 17, p. 23, p. 24, p. 25, p. 27, p. 30, p. 31, p. 33, p. 34, p. 41, p. 46, p. 47, p. 52, p. 6, p. 60, p. 68, p. 71, p. 74, p. 78, p. 79, p. 82, p. 86, p. 94, p. 95, p. 96, p. 98, p. 99.
• Technical report: Illinois natural areas inventory / by the Department of Landscape Architecture, Univeristy of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and the Natural Land Institute, Rockford, Illinois. Urbana: Dept. of Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois and Natural Land Institute, 1978. url p. 412.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 107, p. 122, p. 125, p. 126, p. 143, p. 160, p. 162, p. 173, p. 177, p. 177, p. 216, p. 217, p. 237, p. 254, p. 264, p. 265, p. 265, p. 265, p. 271, p. 275, p. 276, p. 277, p. 330, p. 334, p. 336, p. 337, p. 359, p. 360, p. 360, p. 388, p. 400, p. 401, p. 402, p. 435, p. 447, p. 492, p. 50, p. 505, p. 511, p. 539, p. 56, p. 561, p. 569, p. 572, p. 582, p. 59, p. 646, p. 647, p. 654, p. 656, p. 700, p. 735, p. 737, p. 758, p. 98.
• The Nautilus. Melbourne, Fla., etc., American Malacologists, inc., etc. url p. 15.
• The changing Illinois environment: critical trends: technical report of the Critical Trends Assessment Project. Springfield, Ill.: Ill. Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources, 1994. url p. 164.
• The complete aquarium book; the care and breeding of goldfish and tropical fishes, by William T. Innes. .. New York, Halcyon house[c1936] url p. 295.
• The ecology and economics of Oneida Lake fish / by Charles C. Adams and T.L. Hankinson. Syracuse, N.Y.: Roosevelt Wild Life Forest Experiment Station, c1928. url p. 447.
• The fresh-water fishes of China / by John Treadwell Nichols; with 143 figures in the text, 10 colored plates, and 1 map. 1943 New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1943. url p. 236.
• The freshwater fishes of New Brunswick: a checklist with distributional notes / Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 1959. url p. 28.
• Threatened non-marine molluscs of Europe Council of Europe url p. 121, p. 123.
• [A biological survey of the waters of Woods Hole and vicinity. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1913] url p. 164.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• FishBase. Release date: January 5, 2010
• Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. 2008. Pungitius pungitius. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 04February2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 17, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 24 providers.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1996. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 17, 2007:

• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, MCZ Fish Collection
• Royal Ontario Museum, Fish specimens
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Swedish Board of Fisheries
• - National Register of Survey testfishing
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Swedish Board of Fisheries
• - Swedish Electrofishing Registry
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Biological Records Centre - Database for the Atlas of Freshwater Fishes
• University of Minnesota Bell Museum of Natural History, Fish specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 168346
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-24923
• Fishbase Species ID: 3273
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13633693
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 166387
• IUCN ID: 238109
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AFCPA04010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 10365

Footnotes

1. Morrow, J.E. (1980). The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. [back]
2. Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr (1991). A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. [back]
3. Standard Deviation = 152.470 based on 4,331 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
4. Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. 2008. Pungitius pungitius. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 February 2012. [back]
5. Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman (1973). Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184:1-966. [back]
6. Pinder, A.C. (2001). Keys to larval and juvenile stages of coarse fishes from fresh waters in the British Isles. Freshwater Biological Association. The Ferry House, Far Sawrey, Ambleside, Cumbria, UK. Scientific Publication No. 60. 136 p. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.