Psaltriparus minimus

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Vegetation: tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine-oak forests, arid montane scrubs • Minimum Elevation: 1,200 meters • Maximum Elevation: 3,600 meters • Foraging Strata: Canopy • Center of Abundance: Upper montaine: mountains, upper range, above 3,600 m. • Sensitivity to Disturbancet: Low

Ecology: List of Habitats : 1.9 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane 3.7 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude

Biology

Diet

Mostly: Insects. Lesser Quantities of: Plant Matter

Reproduction

• Breeding Habitat : Successional-scrub
• Nest Location: Mid-story/canopy nesting
• Clutch Size: 5-7
• Length of Incubation : 12 days
• Days to Fledge : 14-15
• Number of Broods: 2

Migration

Permanent resident

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001.

Similar Species

Long tail, short bill and dull plumage make the bushtit unlikely to be confused with any other bird.

Members of the genus Psaltriparus

There are approximately 19 species in this genus:

P. melanotis (Black-Eared Bushtit) · P. melanotis lloydi · P. melanotis melanotis (Black-Eared Bushtit) · P. minimus (Black-Tailed Bushtit) · P. minimus californicus (Bushtit) · P. minimus cecaumenorum (Bushtit) · P. minimus dimorphicus · P. minimus grindae (Bushtit) · P. minimus iulus · P. minimus lloydi (Bushtit) · P. minimus melanotis · P. minimus melanurus (Bushtit) · P. minimus melonotis · P. minimus minimus (Black-Tailed Bushtit) · P. minimus parkmanii · P. minimus plumbeus (Bushtit) · P. minimus saturatus · P. minimus socialbilis (Bushtit) · P. plumbeus

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A check list of North American birds. Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1882. ENG url p. 29.
• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. ENG url p. 15.
• A first book upon the birds of Oregon & Washington: a pocket guide and pupil's assistant in a study of the more common land birds and a few of the shore and water birds of these states / by William Rogers Lord. Portland, Or.: William Rogers Lod, Office of the J.K. Gill Co., 1902 ENG url p. 278.
• A history of North American birds, by S.F. Baird, T.M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. Land birds, illustrated by 64 chromo-lithographic plates and 593 woodcuts. Boston, Little, Brown, 1875. ENG url p. 110, p. 111.
• A manual of North American birds. By Robert Ridgway. Illustrated by 464 outline drawings of the generic characters. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1887. ENG url p. 564, p. 600, p. 609.
• American birds, studied and photographed from life, by William Lovell Finley; illustrated from photographs by Herman T. Bohlman and the author. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1907. ENG url p. 105, p. 111.
• Animal Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1961. ENG url p. 451.
• Asteroid notes. Northfield, Minn, Goodsell Observatory of Carleton College, 1934-1950. ENG url p. 312.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.
• Bird-lore. New York, National Association of Audubon Societies. ENG url p. 98.
• BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
• BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
• Birds and nature in natural colors: being a scientific and popular treatise on four hundred birds of the United States and Canada. Chicago: A.W. Mumford, Publisher, 1913-1914. ENG url p. 344.
• Birds of the Colorado Valley: a repository of scientific and popular information concerning North American ornithology / by Elliott Coues. Washington: G.P.O., 1878. ENG url p. 124.
• Birds. With the co-operation of John Cassin and George N. Lawrence. Washington, D.C., 1858. ENG url p. 396, p. 397, p. 398.
• Brigham Young University science bulletin. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University, [1955-1976] ENG url p. 43.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 100, p. 14, p. 1862, p. 233, p. 256, p. 268, p. 323, p. 338, p. 426, p. 432, p. 434, p. 435, p. 436, p. 460, p. 483, p. 486, p. 489, p. 64, p. 684, p. 761, p. 790.
• Bulletin / Peabody Museum of Natural History. New Haven: The Museum, ENG url p. 55.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) ENG url p. 168.
• Bulletin of the Essex Institute. Salem, Mass., Essex Institute. ENG url p. 172, p. 180, p. 35.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 205, p. 231, p. 455.
• Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. Cambridge, Mass.: The Club, [1876-1883] ENG url p. 117.
• Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. ENG url p. 862.
• Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. London, 1874-98. ENG url p. 56.
• Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum / By E. W. Oates [and afterwards] by S. G. Reid [and] W. R. Ogilvie-Grant. London, 1901-12. ENG url p. 312.
• Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British museum (Natural history) By George Albert Boulenger, F.R.S. London, Printed by order of the Trustees [by Taylor and Francis]1909-16. ENG url p. 55.
• Check-list of North American birds / prepared by a committee of the American ornithologists' union. Lancaster, Pa.: The Union, 1931. ENG url p. 236, p. 485, p. 496, p. 502, p. 504, p. 512.
• Check-list of North American birds: according to the canons of nomenclature of the American Ornithologists' Union. [s.l.]: The Union, 1889. ENG url p. 66.
• Color key to North American birds, by Frank M. Chapman with upward of 800 drawings by Chester A. Reed, B. S. New York, Doubleday, Page & company, 1903. ENG url p. 242, p. 287.
• Dickinson, E. C. (2003a): The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, edition 3rd edition, Christopher Helm, London
• Ehrlich, P., Dobkin, D., and Wheye, D. (1988). The Birders Handbook: A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc. (info on clutch size, length of incubation, days to fledge and number of broods.)
• Field ornithology. Comprising a manual of instruction for procuring, preparing and preserving birds, and a check list of North American birds, by Elliott Coues. Salem [Mass.]Naturalists' Agency, 1874. ENG url p. 11.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. ENG url p. 153, p. 224.
• Handbook of birds of the western United States, including the great plains, great basin, Pacific slope, and lower Rio Grande valley, by Florence Merriam Bailey, with thirty-three full-page plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes, and over six hundred cuts in the Boston, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1904. ENG url p. 460, p. 48, p. 63.
• Katalog der Eiersammlung, nebst Beschreibungeh der aussereuropchen Eier. Berlin, R. Friedler & Sohn, 1910. GER url p. 265.
• Key to North American birds. Containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary, inclusive of Greenland and lower California Boston, Estes and Lauriat, 1890. ENG url p. 867.
• Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego, Calif.: The Society, 1931- ENG url p. 157, p. 273.
• Nests and eggs of North American birds; by Oliver Davie. Columbus [O.]Hann & Adair, 1889. ENG url p. 422.
• North American birds eggs, by Chester A. Reed...illustrating the eggs of nearly every species of North American birds. New York, Doubleday, Page & company, 1904. ENG url p. 324.
• Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, ENG url p. 243.
• Our living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems / [edited by], Edward T. LaRoe [et al.]. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Biological Service, 1995. ENG url p. 488, p. 517.
• Pacific coast avifauna / Cooper Ornithological Club of California. Santa Clara, Calif.: The Club, 1900-1974. ENG url p. 105, p. 12, p. 163, p. 72, p. 78, p. 93.
• Point Lobos Reseerve; State Park, California. Interpretation of a primitive landscape. Sacramento, [State Print. Off., 1954] ENG url p. 96.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia] ENG url p. 107, p. 13, p. 189, p. 191, p. 585, p. 846, p. 886.
• Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society held at Philadelphia for promoting useful knowledge. Philadelphia: The Society ENG url p. 178.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. [Washington, Biological Society of Washington] ENG url p. 124.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. ENG url p. 278, p. 335, p. 765.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 25, p. 496, p. 73.
• Report upon United States Geographical surveys west of the one hundredth meridian, in charge of First Lieut. Geo. M. Wheeler [...] under the direction of the chief of engineers, U.S. Army. Published by authority of [...] the secretary of war in accordanc Washington: Govt. print. off., 1875-89. ENG url p. 171, p. 491, p. 985.
• Review of American birds, in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. By S.F. Baird. Washington, Smithsonian Institution, 1864/72. ENG url p. 84, p. 85.
• Robbins, C.S., Bruun, B., Zim, H.S., (1966). Birds of North America. New York: Western Publishing Company, Inc. (Length and wingspan info.)
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. ENG url p. 169, p. 401, p. 454, p. 496, p. 8, p. 84, p. 85.
• The Great Basin naturalist. Provo, Utah, M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University. ENG url p. 32, p. 734.
• The Osprey. Galesburg, Ill.: The Osprey Co., 1897-1902. ENG url p. 7.
• The bird book: illustrating in natural colors more than seven hundred North American birds; also several hundred photographs of their nests and eggs / by Chester A. Reed. Garden City, New York, Doubleday, Page & company, 1915. ENG url p. 438.
• The birds of Washington: a complete, scientific and popular account of the 372 species of birds found in the state / by William Leon Dawson, assisted by John Hooper Bowles. Illustrated by more than 300 original half-tones of birds in life, nests, eggs, Seattle: Occidental Pub. Co., 1909. ENG url p. 284.
• The book of birds; common birds of town and country and American game birds, by Henry W. Henshaw; illustrated in natural colors with 250 paintings by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. Washington, D.C., National geographic society[1921] ENG url p. 26.
• The code of nomenclature and check-list of North American birds adopted by the American Ornithologists' Union; being the report of the Committee of the Union on Classification and Nomenclature. New York, 1886. ENG url p. 337.
• The naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Columbia. By John Keast Lord London, R. Bentley, 1866. ENG url p. 135.
• Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History. [San Diego]: The Society, 1905- ENG url p. 294, p. 49, p. 7.
• University of Kansas publications, Museum of Natural History. Lawrence, University of Kansas. ENG url p. 627, p. 685.
• Zoe: a biological journal. San Francisco. ENG url p. 246.
• Zoe:a biological journal. 2 1891 San Diego, Calif. [etc.]Zoe Publishing Co. ENG url p. 198, p. 246.
• Zoologischer Anzeiger. Jena, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag. GER url p. 340.

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 4, 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 12, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 17 providers.
• Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
• NatureServe. 2003. Downloadable animal data sets. NatureServe Central Databases. Accessed February 6, 2005.
• Parker III, T.A., D.F. Stotz, and J.W. Fitzpatrick, and quot;Ecological and Distributional Databases for Neotropical Birds, and quot; in Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation, by D.F. Stotz, T.A. Parker III, J.W. Fitzpatrick, and D.K. Moskovits (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). ISBN 0-226-64676-9.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2004. Version 2005.2. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 12, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal British Columbia Museum
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• UCLA-Dickey Bird Collection (UCLA-Dickey): Bird specimens
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
• University of Alaska Museum of the North: MSB Birds Specimens
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3848460
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-178772
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13673864
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 178764
• IUCN ID: 52127
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPAY01010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 13345

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