Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Crossline Skipper
Description
Family Hesperiidae
'The Hesperiidae are members
of the Superfamily
Hesperioidea. Worldwide in distribution, skippers are richest in the tropics. More than 3,500 species are described, with approximately 275 in North America, many of which are found only in Arizona and Texas. Most skippers are small to medium, usually orange, brown, black, white, or gray. A few have iridescent
colors. Skippers have large eyes, short antennae (often with hooked
clubs), stout bodies, and three pairs of walking legs
. Their flight is often rapid, making wing
movement appear blurred. Adults
of most species have long probicscises and feed
on floral
nectar, but some also take up nutrients
from bird droppings. Males have scent scales
found in modified forewing
patches. Males of most species locate mates by perching
(grass
and giant-skippers), though some patrol, especially in the open-winged skippers. Globular
eggs
are laid singly.
'[1]
Subfamily Hesperiinae
The grass skippers are members of the Family Hesperiidae. Distributed worldwide, they comprise more than 2,000 species, most of which are found in the American tropics. The small to medium-sized adults usually have abruptly angled antennae with an apiculus at the tip . Adults of many temperate species are predominantly orange, while brown is the most common color of the tropical species. Male forewings usually have a brand or stigma with specialized scales . Most species have long proboscises and are avid flower-visitors. Adults flight is rapid, and perching posture is unique: the hindwings are opened at a wider angle than the forewings. Males of most species perch while looking for mates. Caterpillars feed on monocotyledons (grasses and allied plants ) and live in silken leaf nests that sometimes extend underground. Grass skippers typically overwinter as caterpillars within their shelters .[2]
Physical Description
Species Polites origenes
Upperside is dark brown with orange markings. Female usually lacks orange along the forewing costa and has a square spot below the end of the cell ; male has a long, straight forewing stigma. Underside of hindwing is orange-brown with a faint band of spots. (ref. 105067)
Size/Age/Growth
Wing span : 1 1/8 - 1 1/2 inches (2.9 - 3.8 cm). (ref. 105067)
Habitat
Widespread in dry to mesic
grassy areas; habitats
include fields
,
wooded edges
, powerline clearings, openings in longleaf pine/scrub
oak woods
, etc.
Present in savannas
, but less numerous
there than
the previous species. Far outnumbers the similar Tawny-edged Skipper
in dry sites. (ref. 104738)
Open grassy areas including prairies hills
, barrens
, power line
cuts
,
old fields, forest
openings. (ref. 105067)
Biology
Diet
The foodplants are grasses, with purple top (Tridens flavus) being
favored, according to the literature. The nectar plants
are very
varied. Colicroot (Aletris farinosa) is favored by individuals of
the first brood; in fact, it is often the most commonly seen skipper
nectaring on this flower. Blazing-stars (Liatris spp.
) are a favorite
of the second brood. (ref. 104738)
Caterpillar hosts: Purpletop (Tridens flavus), little bluestem
(Andropogon scoparius), and other grasses. (ref. 105067)
Adult
food: White, pink, or purple flowers are preferred including
purple vetch, red clover, selfheal, dogbane, shrub
houstonia, New
Jersey tea, and New York ironweed. (ref. 105067)
Behavior
Flight period: Two broods in NC; downstate, present from mid-May to early July, and mid- or late July to mid-October. In the mountains, it is found mainly in June and July, with a small second brood in September. (ref. 104738)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
)
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Protostomia
(
)
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Ecdysozoa
(
)
- A.M.A. Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Superphylum:
Panarthropoda
(
)
- Cuvier
- Phylum:
Arthropoda
(
)
- Latreille, 1829
- Arthropods
- Subphylum:
Mandibulata
(
)
- Snodgrass, 1938
- Infraphylum:
Atelocerata
(
)
- Heymons, 1901
- Superclass:
Panhexapoda
(
)
- Epiclass:
Hexapoda
(
)
- Class:
Insecta
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Insects
- Subclass:
Dicondylia
(
)
- Infraclass:
Pterygota
(
)
- Cohort:
Myoglossata
(
)
- Order:
Lepidoptera
(
)
- Linnaeus, 1758
- Butterflies and Moths
- Infraorder:
Heteroneura
(
)
- Family:
Hesperiidae
(
)
- Latreille, 1809
- Skippers
- Subfamily:
Hesperiinae
(
)
- Grass Skippers
- Genus:
Polites
(
)
- Scudder, 1872
- Specific name:
origenes
- Fabricius 1793
- Scientific name: - Polites origenes Fabricius 1793
- Specific name:
origenes
- Fabricius 1793
- Genus:
Polites
(
- Subfamily:
Hesperiinae
(
- Family:
Hesperiidae
(
- Infraorder:
Heteroneura
(
- Order:
Lepidoptera
(
- Cohort:
Myoglossata
(
- Infraclass:
Pterygota
(
- Subclass:
Dicondylia
(
- Class:
Insecta
(
- Epiclass:
Hexapoda
(
- Superclass:
Panhexapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Atelocerata
(
- Subphylum:
Mandibulata
(
- Phylum:
Arthropoda
(
- Superphylum:
Panarthropoda
(
- Infrakingdom:
Ecdysozoa
(
- Branch:
Protostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name .
Similar Species
Members of the genus Polites
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 26 species and subspecies in this genus:
P. baracoa (Baracoa Skipper) · P. carus (Carus Skipper) · P. coras (Peck's Skipper) · P. draco (Draco Skipper) · P. mardon (Mardon Skipper) · P. mardon klamathensis (Mardon Skipper) · P. mardon mardon (Mardon Skipper) · P. mystic (Long Dash) · P. mystic mystic (Long Dash) · P. origenes (Crossline Skipper) · P. origenes rhena (Rhena Skipper) · P. peckius (Peck's Skipper) · P. rhesus (Rhesus Skipper) · P. sabuleti (Sandhill Skipper) · P. sabuleti albamontana (White Mountain Skipper) · P. sabuleti channelensis (Sandhill Skipper) · P. sabuleti ministigma (Sandhill Skipper) · P. sabuleti nigrescens (Dark Sandhill Skipper) · P. sabuleti sinemaculata (Bleached Sandhill Skipper) · P. sabuleti tecumseh (Tecumseh Skipper) · P. sonora (Sonora Skipper) · P. sonora flavaventris (Sonora Skipper) · P. sonora longinqua (Sonora Skipper) · P. sonora siris (Dog Star Skipper) · P. themistocles (Tawny-Edged Skipper) · P. vibex (Whirlabout)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science. Lexington, KY: The Academy, 1998- url p. 187, p. 187, p. 86, p. 86.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 26, 2008:
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Canadian National Collection (CNC) of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Ross A. Layberry Observations
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal Ontario Museum: Entomology
- Illinois Natural History Survey
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2602510
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Lep-186820.0
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14048681
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 3151266
