Podiceps grisegena

(Red-Necked Grebe)

Overview:

Conservation Status

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Population Analysis

For the 56,576 species in the Class Aves (Birds), we average 371.87 observations each in our database; for the Red-Necked Grebe, we have 24,684 observations. Compared to other species in this Class, this species is moderately common.
A two-sample t-test can be used to determine whether the trend in observations of the Red-Necked Grebe is the same as the trend in observations of Aves. Is this species just as common, as a proportion of all observations, as it once was? The answer is yes, changes in observation rate of this species do not significantly differ from changes in observation rate of its Class.

History:

1988-Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2004)
1994-Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2004)
2000-Lower Risk/least concern (BirdLife International 2000)

Justification

This species has a large range, with an estimated global extent of occurrence of 1,000,000¿10,000,000 km². It has a large global population estimated to be 150,000-370,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2002). Global population trends have not been quantified, but the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e., declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
  - Subkingdom: Bilateria (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
    - Branch: Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908 - Deuterostomes
      - Infrakingdom: Chordonia (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
        Phylum: Chordata Bateson, 1885 - Chordates
        Subphylum: Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - Vertebrates
        Infraphylum: Gnathostomata auct. - Jawed Vertebrates
        Superclass: Tetrapoda Goodrich, 1930 - Tetrapods
        Class: Aves Linnaeus, 1758 - Birds
        Subclass: Neornithes Gadow, 1893
        Infraclass: Neoaves
        Superorder: Passerimorphae
        Order: Ciconiiformes Bonaparte, 1854 - Albatrosses, Alcids
        Suborder: Ciconii
        Infraorder: Ciconiides
        Family: Podicipedidae Bonaparte, 1831 - Grebes
        Genus: Podiceps Latham, 1787 - Typical Grebes
        Specific name: grisegena (Boddaert, 1783)
        Scientific name: Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert, 1783)

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001

Physical Description

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Adult:

Head: blackish cap Face: Cheeks: white Bill: yellow with dark tip Length: long Shape: thick Neck: Foreneck: reddish Body: Breast: reddish Sides: dark gray Upperparts: blackish.

Size/Age/Growth:

About 17 to 21 inches long, with a wingspan of 30 to 32 inches. Adults weigh about 36.8 ounces.

Images:

Podiceps grisegena Podiceps grisegena Photographer: David Stang Date Taken: February 05, 2007
Location Taken: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Copyright: © 2007 David Stang ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 211795

Podiceps grisegena Podiceps grisegena Pair Photographer: Donna A. Dewhurst Credit: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Source: http://images.fws.gov/ Permissions for Use: See here. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 73371

Podiceps grisegena Podiceps grisegena Photographer: Jon Nickles Credit: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Source: http://images.fws.gov/ Permissions for Use: See here. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 73365

Podiceps grisegena Podiceps grisegena Red-necked Grebe with Young Photographer: Donna A. Dewhurst Credit: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Source: http://images.fws.gov/ Permissions for Use: See here. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 73374

Podiceps grisegena Podiceps grisegena Adult basic ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 67227

Podiceps grisegena Podiceps grisegena Salt pond, Cape Point Cape Hatteras, NC 20 Feb 2005 Digiscoped Photographer: Jeffrey S. Pippen Date Taken: February 20, 2005 Copyright: © 2005 Jeffrey S. Pippen Source: web site ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 289077

Podiceps grisegena Podiceps grisegena Pair Photographer: Jesse Achtenberg Credit: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Source: http://images.fws.gov/ Permissions for Use: See here. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 73375

Podiceps grisegena Podiceps grisegena Red-necked Grebe and Nest Photographer: Donna A. Dewhurst Credit: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Source: http://images.fws.gov/ Permissions for Use: See here. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 73369

Podiceps grisegena Podiceps grisegena Red-necked Grebe and Nest Photographer: Jon R. Nickles Credit: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Source: http://images.fws.gov/ Permissions for Use: See here. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 73368

Podiceps grisegena Podiceps grisegena Photographer: Donna A. Dewhurst Credit: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Source: http://images.fws.gov/ Permissions for Use: See here. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 73367

Podiceps grisegena Podiceps grisegena Salt pond, Cape Point Cape Hatteras, NC 20 Feb 2005 Digiscoped Photographer: Jeffrey S. Pippen Date Taken: February 15, 2004 Copyright: © 2004 Jeffrey S. Pippen Source: web site ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 289078

Podiceps grisegena Podiceps grisegena Red-necked Grebe Pair in Courtship Photographer: Donna A. Dewhurst Credit: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Source: http://images.fws.gov/ Permissions for Use: See here. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 73372

Distribution

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Range and Population

Oceania; North America

Diet

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Mostly:

Aquatic Invertebrates Fish

Reproduction

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Breeding Habitat: Wetland-open water
Clutch Size: 2-6
Length of Incubation: 22-23 days
Days to Fledge: 49-70
Number of Broods: usually 1, rarely 2

Migration

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Migratory

Similar Species

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Western Grebe, Clark's Grebe

Members of the genus Podiceps:

There are approximately 69 species and subspecies in this genus: P. albescens · P. andinus (Colombian Grebe) · P. auritus (Horned Grebe) · P. auritus auritus (Horned Grebe) · P. auritus cornatus · P. auritus cornutus (Horned Grebe) · P. auritus corunatus · P. auritus ssp · P. aurius · P. carolinensis · P. caspicus · P. caspicus californicus · P. chilensis morrisoni · P. cornutus · P. cristatus (Great Crested Grebe) · P. cristatus australis · P. cristatus christiani · P. cristatus cristatus · P. cristatus infuscatus · P. dominicus · P. dominicus bangsi · P. dominicus brachypterus · P. dominicus brachyrhynchus · P. gallardoi (Hooded Grebe) · P. grisegena (Red-Necked Grebe) · P. grisegena grisegena (Red-Necked Grebe) · P. grisegena holboelli · P. grisegena holboellii (Red-Necked Grebe) · P. grisegena holbolii · P. grisegena holbolli · P. grisegena holbollii · P. grisegena hollboelli · P. griseigena · P. grisigena · P. howardae · P. juninensis juninensis · P. leucopterus · P. major (Great Grebe) · P. major major · P. micropterus · P. minor · P. nestor · P. nigricolis · P. nigricollis (Black-Necked Grebe) · P. nigricollis californianus · P. nigricollis californicus (Eared Grebe) · P. nigricollis caspicus · P. nigricollis gurneyi · P. nigricollis juninensis · P. nigricollis nigricollis (Black-Necked Grebe) · P. nigricollis ssp · P. nigricollus · P. nigricollus · P. occipitalis (Silvery Grebe) · P. occipitalis juninensis · P. occipitalis occipitalis · P. parvus · P. parvus · P. parvus · P. rolla chilensis · P. rolla chilensis · P. rolla chilensis · P. ruficollis capensis · P. ruficollis iraquensis · P. ruficollis vulcanorum · P. ruficollis vulcanorum · P. ruficollis vulcanorum · P. taczanowskii (Junin Grebe) · P. tricolor

Bibliography

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Alsop, Fred J. III. Birds of North America - Eastern Region. First American Edition. Smithsonian Handbooks. DK Publishing, Inc. 2001.
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.
BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
Ehrlich, P., Dobkin, D., and Wheye, D. (1988). The Birders Handbook: A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc. (info on clutch size, length of incubation, days to fledge and number of broods.)
Robbins, C.S., Bruun, B., Zim, H.S., (1966). Birds of North America. New York: Western Publishing Company, Inc. (Length and wingspan info.)

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Notes

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Contributors:

Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 27, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 29 providers.

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 27, 2007:

Avian Knowledge Network, eBird
Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Ontario Nest Records
Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Royal British Columbia Museum
New Brunswick Museum, NBM birds
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
UK National Biodiversity Network, RSPB - Seabird nearshore winter survey in South-West England in 1994/95
University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
, Bird specimens
Upper Silesian Museum, Bytom, Upper Silesian Museum, Bird Observations

Identifiers:

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 174479
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13850096
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNCA03020
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 177980

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Last Revised: May 04, 2008