Interesting Facts
- Zabulon Skippers show more sexual dimorphism than most grass skippers, with males being much more orange and territorial than the brownish females.
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Zabulon Golden Skipper, Zabulon Skipper
Description
Subfamily Hesperiinae
The grass skippers are members of the Family Hesperiidae. Distributed worldwide, they comprise more than 2,000 species, most of which are found in the American tropics. The small to medium-sized adults usually have abruptly angled antennae with an apiculus at the tip . Adults of many temperate species are predominantly orange, while brown is the most common color of the tropical species. Male forewings usually have a brand or stigma with specialized scales . Most species have long proboscises and are avid flower-visitors. Adults flight is rapid, and perching posture is unique: the hindwings are opened at a wider angle than the forewings. Males of most species perch while looking for mates. Caterpillars feed on monocotyledons (grasses and allied plants ) and live in silken leaf nests that sometimes extend underground. Grass skippers typically overwinter as caterpillars within their shelters .
Physical Description
Color:
Male black borders and no stigma. Underside of hindwing is mostly yellow with a dark brown wingbase and outer margin . Female: Upperside is purple-brown with pale yellow spots; underside of hindwing is brown and purple-gray with a white-edged costal margin.
Size/Age/Growth
Wing span : 1 3/8 - 1 5/8 inches (3.5 - 4.2 cm).
Habitat
Brushy openings near moist forests and streams .
Biology
Diet
Caterpillar hosts: Grasses including lovegrass (Eragrostis), purpletop (Tridens), bluegrass (Poa), wheatgrass (Agropyron), orchardgrass (Dactylis), wildrye (Elymus), and bentgrass (Agrostis). Adult food: Nectar from a variety of flowers including the exotics Japanese honeysuckle, red clover, everlasting pea, and selfheal; and the natives blackberry, purple vetch, common milkweed, buttonbush, joe-pye weed , and thistles.
Reproduction
Males perch in sunlit openings or edges on leaves about 3-5 feet above the ground . They appear to defend their territory and may keep a perch for up to a week. Courtship usually occurs in the afternoon. Females lay eggs singly under the host leaves. Caterpillars feed on leaves and make shelters of silk-tied leaves.
Behavior
Flight: Two broods from May-September in the north; several broods all year in the tropical highlands.
Taxonomy
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- animals
- Phylum:
Arthropoda
(
)
- arthropods
- Class:
Insecta
(
)
- Insects
- Order:
Lepidoptera
(
)
- Butterflies, Moths
- Family:
Hesperioidea
(
)
- Subfamily:
Hesperiinae
(
)
- Grass Skippers
- Genus:
Poanes
(
)
- Scudder
- Specific name:
zabulon
- Boisduval & Le Conte 1829
- Scientific name: - Poanes zabulon Boisduval & Le Conte 1829
- Specific name:
zabulon
- Boisduval & Le Conte 1829
- Genus:
Poanes
(
- Subfamily:
Hesperiinae
(
- Family:
Hesperioidea
(
- Order:
Lepidoptera
(
- Class:
Insecta
(
- Phylum:
Arthropoda
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Poanes zabulon (Boisduval and Leconte 1834)
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name .
Similar Species
Members of the genus Poanes
There are approximately 38 species in this genus:
P. aaroni (Aaron's Skipper) · P. aaroni aaroni (Aaron's Skipper) · P. aaroni howardi (Howard's Skipper) · P. alfaratta · P. azin · P. baiva · P. benito · P. erratica · P. friedlei · P. hermocki · P. hobomok · P. hobomok hobomok (Hobomok Skipper) · P. hobomok wetona (Hobomok Skipper) · P. howardi · P. hughi · P. inimica · P. lupulina · P. massasoit · P. massasoit chermocki (Chermock's Mulberry Wing) · P. melane (Umber Skipper) · P. ogeechensis · P. pallida · P. piso · P. pocahontas · P. psaumis · P. quadaquina · P. richteri · P. ridingsii · P. rolla · P. suffusa · P. taxiles (Taxiles Skipper) · P. viator (Broad-Winged Skipper) · P. viator viator (Broad-Winged Skipper) · P. viator zizaniae (Broad-Winged Skipper) · P. yehl (Yehl Skipper) · P. zabulon (Zabulon Golden Skipper) · P. zachaeus · P. zizaniae
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, van Hertum J, eds (2008). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist Taxonomic Classification. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 11, 2006.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 26, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
- LepIndex: The Global Lepidoptera Names Index
- MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 18, 2008.
- Opler, Paul A., Harry Pavulaan, Ray E. Stanford, Michael Pogue, coordinators. Butterflies and Moths of North America. Bozeman, MT: Mountain Prairie Information Node. March 26, 2007.
- Pippen, Jeffrey S. Jeff's Nature Page. Accessed December 5, 2007.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 26, 2008:
- Illinois Natural History Survey
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (Costa Rica): Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2602504
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Lep-186793.0
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 1369918
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: IILEP73030
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 171659
