Common Names
Common Names in English:
Hobomok Skipper
Description
Family Hesperiidae
'The Hesperiidae are members
of the Superfamily
Hesperioidea. Worldwide in distribution, skippers are richest in the tropics. More than 3,500 species are described, with approximately 275 in North America, many of which are found only in Arizona and Texas. Most skippers are small to medium, usually orange, brown, black, white, or gray. A few have iridescent
colors. Skippers have large eyes, short antennae (often with hooked
clubs), stout bodies, and three pairs of walking legs
. Their flight is often rapid, making wing movement appear blurred. Adults
of most species have long probicscises and feed
on floral
nectar, but some also take up nutrients
from bird droppings. Males have scent scales
found in modified forewing
patches. Males of most species locate mates by perching
(grass
and giant-skippers), though some patrol, especially in the open-winged skippers. Globular eggs
are laid singly.
'[1]
Subfamily Hesperiinae
The grass skippers are members of the Family Hesperiidae. Distributed worldwide, they comprise more than 2,000 species, most of which are found in the American tropics. The small to medium-sized adults usually have abruptly angled antennae with an apiculus at the tip . Adults of many temperate species are predominantly orange, while brown is the most common color of the tropical species. Male forewings usually have a brand or stigma with specialized scales . Most species have long proboscises and are avid flower-visitors. Adults flight is rapid, and perching posture is unique: the hindwings are opened at a wider angle than the forewings. Males of most species perch while looking for mates. Caterpillars feed on monocotyledons (grasses and allied plants ) and live in silken leaf nests that sometimes extend underground. Grass skippers typically overwinter as caterpillars within their shelters .[2]
Physical Description
Species Poanes hobomok
Wings are rounded . Upperside of male is yellow-orange with irregular black borders and no stigma; underside of hindwing has purple-gray on the inner margin . Female has 2 forms: Upperside of normal form is duller and has less orange than the male; underside of hindwing is orange with purple-gray at the inner margin. Upperside of "pocahontas" form is purple-black with some dull white spots on the forewing ; underside is purple-black with the pattern obscured. (ref. 105083)
Size/Age/Growth
Wing span : 1 - 1 11/16 inches (2.5 - 4.3 cm). (ref. 105083)
Habitat
This species favors woodland edges
and wide openings in woods
(such as margins
of logging
roads), both where somewhat damp or in uplands
. It can be found in old fields
and other brushy areas, but it usually remains fairly close to woods. Some references
indicate that it is usually found in damp places, but in NC it has a wide range
of moisture tolerance, from bog
edges to the margins of sunlit logging roads on the upper slopes
of mountains. (ref. 104733)
Openings and edges of damp woods, edges of bogs, light gaps
along streams
, city parks. (ref. 105083)
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 690 meters (0 to 2,264 feet).[3]
Biology
Diet
Panic grasses (Panicum spp.
) and blue grasses (Poa spp.) are among the many foodplants; all are grasses. The species nectars on many flowers, but males are often seen perched on leaves along wooded edges
, where they are quite territorial
. (ref. 104733)
Caterpillar hosts: Various grasses including panic grasses (Panicum) and bluegrasses (Poa). (ref. 105083)
Adult
food: Nectar from flowers including common milkweed, henbit, viper's bugloss, and blackberry. (ref. 105083)
Behavior
Flight period: A single brood; in the Piedmont it flies from the end of April at least to late May. However, in the mountains the flight occurs from early May to mid-July. (ref. 104733)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
)
- Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
)
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Protostomia
(
)
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Ecdysozoa
(
)
- Aguinaldo Et Al., 1997 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Superphylum:
Panarthropoda
(
)
- Cuvier
- Phylum:
Arthropoda
(
)
- Latreille, 1829
- Arthropods
- Subphylum:
Mandibulata
(
)
- Snodgrass, 1938
- Infraphylum:
Atelocerata
(
)
- Heymons, 1901
- Superclass:
Panhexapoda
(
)
- Epiclass:
Hexapoda
(
)
- Class:
Insecta
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Insects
- Subclass:
Dicondylia
(
)
- Infraclass:
Pterygota
(
)
- Cohort:
Myoglossata
(
)
- Order:
Lepidoptera
(
)
- Linnaeus, 1758
- Butterflies and Moths
- Infraorder:
Heteroneura
(
)
- Family:
Hesperiidae
(
)
- Latreille, 1809
- Skippers
- Subfamily:
Hesperiinae
(
)
- Grass Skippers
- Genus:
Poanes
(
)
- Specific name:
hobomok
- (Harris, 1862)
- Scientific name: - Poanes hobomok (Harris, 1862)
- Specific name:
hobomok
- (Harris, 1862)
- Genus:
Poanes
(
- Subfamily:
Hesperiinae
(
- Family:
Hesperiidae
(
- Infraorder:
Heteroneura
(
- Order:
Lepidoptera
(
- Cohort:
Myoglossata
(
- Infraclass:
Pterygota
(
- Subclass:
Dicondylia
(
- Class:
Insecta
(
- Epiclass:
Hexapoda
(
- Superclass:
Panhexapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Atelocerata
(
- Subphylum:
Mandibulata
(
- Phylum:
Arthropoda
(
- Superphylum:
Panarthropoda
(
- Infrakingdom:
Ecdysozoa
(
- Branch:
Protostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Notes
Name Status: Provisionally Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Beccaloni G..
Similar Species
Members of the genus Poanes
There are approximately 41 species in this genus:
P. aaroni (Aaron's Skipper) · P. aaroni aaroni (Aaron's Skipper) · P. aaroni howardi (Howard's Skipper) · P. alfaratta · P. azin · P. baiva · P. benito · P. erratica · P. friedlei · P. hermocki · P. hobomok (Hobomok Skipper) · P. hobomok f. pocahontas · P. hobomok hobomok (Hobomok Skipper) · P. hobomok wetona (Hobomok Skipper) · P. howardi · P. hughi · P. inimica · P. lupulina · P. massasoit (Mulberry Wing) · P. massasoit chermocki (Chermock's Mulberry Wing) · P. massasoit hughi · P. massasoit massasoit · P. melane (Umber Skipper) · P. ogeechensis · P. pallida · P. piso · P. pocahontas · P. psaumis · P. quadaquina · P. richteri · P. ridingsii · P. rolla · P. suffusa · P. taxiles (Taxiles Skipper) · P. viator (Broad-Winged Skipper) · P. viator viator (Broad-Winged Skipper) · P. viator zizaniae (Broad-Winged Skipper) · P. yehl (Yehl Skipper) · P. zabulon (Zabulon Golden Skipper) · P. zachaeus · P. zizaniae
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Biological survey of the Mount Desert Region, conducted by William Procter... From the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Mount Desert Island, Maine. Philadelphia, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1927-1946. ENG url p. 224.
- Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 21, p. 214, p. 23, p. 230, p. 26, p. 7.
- Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 474.
- Butterflies and Moths of North America.
- Entomological news. [Philadelphia]American Entomological Society, 1925- ENG url p. 146, p. 26, p. 289, p. 322, p. 98.
- Journal of the New York Entomological Society. Lawrence, Kan.: Allen Press [etc.] ENG url p. 135, p. 172, p. 232, p. 249, p. 260, p. 6.
- The Hesperioidea of America north of Mexico; a generic revision and synopsis of the species, by Arthur Ward Lindsey, Ph.D. Iowa City, The University, [1921] ENG url p. 87.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Butterflies of North Carolina
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 26, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
- Opler, Paul A., Kelly Lotts, and Thomas Naberhaus, coordinators. 2009. Butterflies and Moths of North America. Bozeman, MT: Big Sky Institute. http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/ (Version of April 17, 2009).
- The Global Lepidoptera Names Index2, 12.2, 2005.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 26, 2008:
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton Collection
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Alan Wormington Collection
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Atlantic Forestry Centre Insect Reference Collection
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Canadian National Collection (CNC) of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Donald F. Hooper Butterfly collection, Canada
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Gerald Hilchie Collection
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Great Lakes Forestry Centre Insect Collection
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Jeff Ogden Collection
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Lepidopterists Society Season Summaries 1973-1997
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Lyman Entomological Museum
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: M. Gollop Collection
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: McMaster University Collection
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: New Brunswick Museum Collection
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Northern Forestry Centre Arthropod Collection, Edmonton
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, Subenacadie, NS, Canada
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Point Pelee National Park Collection, Canada
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Ross A. Layberry Observations
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal British Columbia Museum Entomology Collection
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal Ontario Museum: Entomology
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal Saskatchewan Museum Collection
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Spencer Entomological Museum
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: University of Guelph, Department of Environmental Biology
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: University of New Brunswick Collection
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: University of Western Ontario Collection
- Illinois Natural History Survey
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2602498
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Lep-186771.0
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14376784
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 3151246
Footnotes
- http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/taxonomy?f=19&sci=Hesperiidae&com=Skippers [back]
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Stinga&search=Search [back]
- Mean = 196.340 meters (644.160 feet), Standard Deviation = 115.970 based on 754 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
