Pleurogrammus monopterygius

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Hexagrammidae

Distribution: Endemic to the North Pacific Ocean, primarily in subarctic and temperate waters , with one species (Hexagrammos stelleri) also occurring in the Arctic Ocean. No spines on the upper part of the head . One or two fleshy cirri above each eye in most species. Body moderately elongate and compressed . Single dorsal fin; usually notched . Spines on dorsal fin 16-28; soft rays 11-30. Anal fin long based, with up to 4 spines which in most species are rudimentary , and 12-28 soft rays. Pelvic fins with 1 spine and 5 soft rays. One pair of nostrils. Anterior nostrils well developed. Posterior nostrils pore-like or absent. Scales ctenoid, except cycloid in Ophiodon elongatus). One or five lateral lines. Teeth typically small, present on jaws and vomer; present also on palatines on some species. Gill membranes broadly joined and free of the isthmus with gill openings not extending far forward, or gill membranes joined to each other only anteriorly and free of the isthmus with gill openings extending far forward. Branchiostegal rays 6. Swim bladder absent. Vertebrae 36-62. Coloration is highly variable in some species and frequently differs by sex, size, geographic locality and local habitat . Reaches 1.52 m maximum length (in Ophiodon elongatus). Most species reach less that 61 cm. Marine ; intertidal to depth of 600 m or more, most species typically found shallower than 200 m on the continental shelf. Demersal except for Atka mackerels , Pleurogrammus, which as adults are pelagic . Diet includes various prey such as crabs, amphipods , polychaetes , juvenile fishes and fish eggs . Zaniolepis is recognized in its own family , following Eschmeyer (1998). Subfamilies: Hexagramminae (greenlings ); Ophiodontinae (lingcods); Oxylebiinae (painted greenlings); Pleurogramminae (Atka mackerels); Zaniolepidinae (combfishes). Also Ref. 7463.The family Hexagrammidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and the Order Scorpaeniformes. It contains 5 genera and 12 species. It may be found in Marine environments and is primarily Marine. Members of this family are not used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are guarders . The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is subcarangiform. Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be normal. Etymology of this family name : Greek, exa = six + Greek, gramma = sign, some graphic mark

Habitat

Ranges from the lower intertidal zone to 575 m depth (Ref. 6793).

Typically found in water with a depth of 0 to -5,987 meters (0 to -19,642 feet).Mean = -554.070 meters (-1,817.815 feet), Standard Deviation = 947.590 based on 3,863 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre.

Biome: Saltwater . Demersal .

Biology

Diet

Atka mackerel eat copepods and euphausiids

Reproduction

Atka mackerel begin to recruit to the fishery at age 2 and many survive to 14 years. Fifty percent of the female population is estimated to have reached maturity at 31 cm (about 3.6 years old). Atka mackerel migrate from the shelf edge to shallow coastal waters (5-30 m ) to spawn . Spawning occurs in July -September along the Aleutian Islands. Eggs are adhesive and deposited in rock crevices. These nest are guarded by the males until hatching , which occurs about 40-45 days later.

Behavior

Predators:

Fish, seabirds, Steller sea lions, and other marine mammals.

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Labrax monopterygius Pallas, 1810

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Family : Greenlings .

Similar Species

Members of the genus Pleurogrammus

There are approximately 5 species in this genus:

P. azonus (Atka Mackerel) · P. monopterigius · P. monopterygius (Atka Mackerel) · P. monpterygius · P. otakii

Bibliography

• Allen, M.J. and G.B. Smith (1988). Atlas and zoogeography of common fishes in the Bering Sea and northeastern Pacific. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 66, 151 p.
• Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann (1983). A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 336 p.
• Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino (1984). The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1 (text). Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text), 370 pls.
• McAllister, D.E. (1990). A list of the fishes of Canada. Syllogeus No. 64. Nat. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ottawa, Canada. 310 pp.
• Robins, Richard C., Reeve M. Bailey, Carl E. Bond, James R. Brooker, Ernest A. Lachner, et al. 1980. A List of Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States and Canada, Fourth Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, no. 12. American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 174.

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 10, 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 22, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• Randall, John E. (from FishBase).

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 02, 2008:

• Alaska Ocean Observing System: Arctic Ocean Diversity
• Burke Museum: University of Washington Fish Collection
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Fish Collection
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Canadian Museum of Nature - Fish Collection (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: NODC WOD01 Plankton Database
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: North Pacific Groundfish Observer (North Pacific Research Board)
• Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
• Royal Ontario Museum: Fish specimens
• University of Kansas Biodiversity Research Center: Fish Collection

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2499495
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-24901
• Fishbase Species ID: 4037
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13547751
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 167120
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AFC4D04010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 121098

Footnotes

©2004-2008 the BayScience Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.