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Plectropomus leopardus

(Blue-Dotted Coral-Trout)

Overview

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Threatened
Threat status

Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in Agutaynen:

Bulang

Common Names in Bengali:

Baghair

Common Names in Bikol:

Banalog, Baraka, Inid, Pugapo

Common Names in Cantonese:

Tsut-Sing-Paan

Common Names in Carolinian:

Lugiushaap, Sáyiyaaw, Sewi, Sheosheol Taiyaaw

Common Names in Cebuano:

Sono

Common Names in Danish:

Leopardbars

Common Names in Davawenyo:

Lapu-Lapu, Lapulapu, Pugapo

Common Names in English:

Blue-Dotted Coral-Trout, Bluedotted Coraltrout, Common Coral Trout, Coral Grouper, Coral Trout, Leopard Coral Trout, Leopard Coralgrouper, Leopard Trout, Leopard-Cod, Red Coral Rod, Red Coral Trout, Red Lalia, Valenciennes Halfbeak

Common Names in Fijian:

Donu

Common Names in Finnish:

Korallankerias

Common Names in French:

Loche Saumonée, Saumonée Léopard

Common Names in Fwâi:

Ujeeda Magat

Common Names in Gela:

Karamalabo

Common Names in German:

Korallenbarsch

Common Names in Ilokano:

Bato-Bato, Kakab, Kurapu, Maskad, Red Lapu

Common Names in Japanese:

Suji-Ara

Common Names in Kapampangan:

Lapu-Lapu

Common Names in Kuyunon:

Kugtong, Mambo

Common Names in Malay:

Kerapu Bara, Kerapu Macan, Kerapu Merah, Kerapu Sunu, Sunuk

Common Names in Mandarin Chi:

Hong Chi

Common Names in Mandarin Chinese:

石斑, 花斑刺鰓鮨, 豹紋鰓棘鱸, 過魚, 鱠

Common Names in Maranao/Samal/Tao Su:

Lapu-Lapu, Tapog

Common Names in Marshallese:

Ikuit

Common Names in Misima-Paneati:

Tawiya

Common Names in Niuean:

Malau Pokoahu

Common Names in Other:

Tonu, Valenten

Common Names in Palauan:

Mokas

Common Names in Pangasinan:

Red Lapu, Takulit

Common Names in Portuguese:

Garoupa Celestial

Common Names in Rapa:

Tonu

Common Names in Samoan:

Ata´ata-Utu, Ata'ata-Utu

Common Names in Spanish:

Mero Celestial

Common Names in Surigaonon:

Baghak

Common Names in Swedish:

Leopardgrouper

Common Names in Tagalog:

Kaltang, Kigting, Lapu Lapu, Lapu-Lapu, Lubo, Sigapo

Common Names in Tahitian:

Tonu

Common Names in Thai:

ปลากะรัง, Pla Ka Rang, Pla Ka Rung

Common Names in Vietnamese:

Cá Mú Ch?m Bé, Cá Mú Ch?m Nh?

Common Names in Visayan:

Labungan, Suno

Description

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Family Serranidae

Distribution: Tropical and temperate oceans. Some enter freshwater . Operculum bearing 3 spines - a main spine with one below and one above it. Lateral line complete and continuous, not reaching onto caudal fin (lacking in one species). Dorsal fin may be notched , with 7-12 spines. Three spines on anal fin. Caudal fin usually rounded , truncate , or lunate ; rarely forked . Tip of maxilla exposed even with mouth closed . No scaly axillary pelvic process . One spine on pelvic fin; soft rays 5. Branchiostegal rays usually 7. Vertebrae 24-26. Monoecious with some functional hermaphrodites ; groupers are protogynous hermaphrodites. Anthiinae are mostly small colorful planktivores feeding primarily on tiny crustaceans and fish eggs . They change sex from females to a few dominant males. Despite their attractive colors they need zooplankton as food and are thus not well suited for aquariums . Groupers attain up to 3 m maximum length and weights of up to 400 kg . They are bottom-dwelling predators and highly commercial food fish . Groupers are hardy aquarium fish, but grow rapidly. Grammistinae get their name from a bitter tasting skin toxin , grammistin, which can kill other animals in an aquarium. They feed on crustaceans and fishes .The family Serranidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and the Order Perciformes. It contains 62 genera and 449 species. It may be found in Marine , Brackish , and Freshwater environments and is primarily Marine. Many members of this family are used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is subcarangiform. Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be normal. Members of this family have been dated back to the Eocene epoch of the Tertiary period. Etymology of this family name : Latin, serranus = derived from saw, fish saw. 1803

Physical Description

Size/Age/Growth

On the Great Barrier Reef , its maximum lifespan is 14 years (Ref. 37816).

Habitat

Inhabit coral-rich areas of lagoon reefs and mid-shelf reefs (Ref. 6390, 48635). Inactive at night, hiding under ledges (Ref. 9710). Juveniles have a demersal existence in shallow water in reef habitats, especially around coral rubble (Ref. 27259). P. leopardus is used in cage culture ; P. maculatus in Ref. 3081 was probably a mixture of P. maculatus and P. leopardus ; the Plectropomus sp. used for the experiments reported in Ref. 4719 consisted predominantly of P. leopardus , with some P. maculatus (M .F. Capra, pers. comm. ).

Typically found in water with a depth of 0 to -4,145 meters (0 to -13,599 feet).Mean = -405.620 meters (-1,330.774 feet), Standard Deviation = 748.960 based on 727 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre.

Biome: Saltwater . Reef-associated .

Ecology: Larvae are pelagic (Kailola et al. 1993); juveniles live in demersal shallow water in reef habitats , especially around coral rubble (Doherty et al. 1994), whereas adults inhabit coral reefs (Kailola et al. 1993).

Reproductive Biology
Estimates for average size at first reproduction of the fish ranges from 20–25 cm FL (Samoilys 2000) to 32–36 cm FL depending on differing histological criteria (Ferreira 1995). Aggregations occur around new moon (Samoilys 1997) or the full moon (J. Pet, pers. comm. : Komodo National Park, Indonesia) depending on location. In the Cairns area of the Great Barrier Reef , Australia, aggregations are found from September to November (Samoilys 1997). An increase in fish density of up to 19 fold (maximum density : 75 fish/1,000 m²).can occur above the level recorded outside the aggregation period (average non-aggregation density: 6.5 fish/1,000 m²).

Aggregations occur around new moon from September to November (Samoilys 1997). An increase in fish density of up to 19 fold (maximum density: 75 fish/1,000 m²) can occur above the level recorded outside the aggregation period (average non-aggregation density: 6.5 fish/1,000 m². It is suggested that P. leopardus depends on aggregations sites on their home reef for reproductive activities (Zelle 1998). (Ref. 0)


List of Habitats:9.8Marine Neritic - Coral Reef 10.1Marine Oceanic - Epipelagic (0-200m)

Biology

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Diet

Adults feed mainly on fish (Ref. 6390). Juveniles feed on small fish and invertebrates such as crustaceans and squid (Ref. 27261).

Reproduction

Form several spawning aggregations on a reef occurring around the new moon (Ref. 27259). Eggs float just below the surface (Ref. 6390). Larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6390).

Taxonomy

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Ambiguous Synonyms

  1. Cephalopholis miniatus (non Forssk�l, 1775)
  2. Plectropoma cyanostigma Bleeker, 1845
  3. Plectropoma maculatum leopardus (non Bloch, 1790)
  4. Plectropomus maculatus (Bloch, 1790)

Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. Acanthistius leopardinus (Cuvier, 1828)
  2. Holocentrus leopardus Lacepède, 1802
  3. Paracanthistius suji Tanaka, 1916
  4. Plectropoma leopardinus Cuvier, 1828
  5. Plectropoma maculatum subsp. b Bleeker, 1849

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Group expert : Heemstra P.C., Data last modified by FishBase 05-Feb-1994

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Plectropomus

There are approximately 12 species in this genus:

P. areolatus (Coral Trout) · P. laevis (Black-Saddled Coral Trout) · P. leopardus (Blue-Dotted Coral-Trout) · P. leopardus · P. maculatus (Bar-Cheeked Trout) · P. oligacanthus (Blue-Lined Coral Trout) · P. panctatus · P. pessuliferus (Leopard Grouper) · P. pessuliferus marisrubri · P. pictus · P. punctatus (Marbled Coralgrouper) · P. leopardus

Bibliography

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More Info

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 02, 2008:

Identifiers

Footnotes

Last Revised: 2009-01-01