Overview
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Vulnerable |
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Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Czech:
netopýr Rafinesqueův
Common Names in English:
Lump-Nosed Bats, rafinesque's big-eared bat, Rafinesque's Big-Eared Bat;eastern Lump-Nosed Bat
Description
Physical Description
Species Plecotus rafinesquii
Size: This medium-sized bat ranges from 9.5 - 10.5 cm (3.7 - 4.1 in) in total length. Color: Individual hairs of the fur are bicolored with black bases , the tips of the hairs being grayish brown on the dorsum and nearly white on the venter . Other things to look for: The very long ears, over 2.54 cm (1 in) in length and joined in the middle , are the most distinctive characteristic of this species. Two large, conspicuous glands are present on either side of the snout, and form prominent lumps on the top of the nose.
Habitat
In terms of its natural history, this is one of the least known bats of the southeastern United States. It is colonial , and roosts can contain from several individuals to over 100. Females maintain separate roosts in the spring and summer when rearing young, but males and females roost together in the fall and winter months. The Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat roosts in buildings, old mine shafts, wells, caves, hollow trees , areas behind loose bark , and crevices in rock ledges. This species is not crepuscular like most other bat species. Instead, it becomes active only in complete darkness. It
Biome: Terrestrial
Biology
Diet
Feeds on flying insects.
Reproduction
Breeding occurs in the fall . The female joins with others in a "nursery colony ," and her single offspring is born the following May or June. Young are able to fly within three weeks after birth and reach adult size in about one month.
Behavior
Several species of snakes prey upon it. This species hibernates in the winter months, but may be active during warm spells in the southern portions of its range .
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
()
- Goodrich, 1930
- Class:
Mammalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
()
- (Rowe, 1988) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
()
- (Wible et al., 1995) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Legion:
Cladotheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
()
- (McKenna, 1975) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Supercohort:
Theria
()
- (Parker & Haswell, 1897) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Cohort:
Placentalia
()
- (Owen, 1837) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
()
- (Mckenna, 1975) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
()
- (McKenna, 1975) McKenna, in Stucky & McKenna, in Benton, ed., 1993
- Grandorder:
Archonta
()
- (Gregory, 1910) McKenna, 1975
- Order:
Chiroptera
()
- Blumenbach, 1779
- Suborder:
Microchiroptera
()
- Dobson, 1875
- Infraorder:
Yangochiroptera
()
- Koopman, 1984
- Superfamily:
Vespertilionoidea
()
- (Gray, 1821) Gill, 1872
- Family:
Vespertilionidae
()
- Gray, 1821
- Subfamily:
Vespertilioninae
()
- Subfamily:
Vespertilioninae
(
- Family:
Vespertilionidae
(
- Superfamily:
Vespertilionoidea
(
- Infraorder:
Yangochiroptera
(
- Suborder:
Microchiroptera
(
- Order:
Chiroptera
(
- Grandorder:
Archonta
(
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
(
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
(
- Cohort:
Placentalia
(
- Supercohort:
Theria
(
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
(
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
(
- Legion:
Cladotheria
(
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
(
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
(
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
(
- Class:
Mammalia
(
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 08-Jun-2004
Similar Species
Members of the genus Plecotus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 17 species and subspecies in this genus:
P. auritus (Brown Long-Eared Bat;common Long-Eared Bat) · P. austriacus (Grey Long-Eared Bat) · P. austriacus austriacus (Gray Big-Eared Bat) · P. balensis (Ethiopian Big-Eared Bat) · P. kolombatovici (Kolombatovic's Long-Eared Bat) · P. macrobullaris (Mountain Long-Eared Bat) · P. mexicanus (Mexican Big-Eared Bat) · P. rafinesquii (Lump-Nosed Bats) · P. rafinesquii rafinesquii (Rafinesque's Big-Eared Bat) · P. sardus (Sardinian Long-Eared Bat) · P. taivanus (Taiwan Long-Eared Bat) · P. teneriffae (Tenerife Long-Eared Bat) · P. townsendii (Townsend's Big-Eared Bat;lump-Nosed Bat) · P. townsendii ingens (Ozark Big-Eared Bat) · P. townsendii pallescens (Pale Lump-Nosed Bat) · P. townsendii townsendii (Townsend's Big-Eared Bat) · P. townsendii virginianus (Virginia Big-Eared Bat)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
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- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 110, p. 82.
- Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) url p. 298.
- Entomological news. [Philadelphia]American Entomological Society, 1925- url p. 118, p. 120, p. 121, p. 122, p. 221, p. 222.
- Field Museum of Natural History bulletin. Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, [1930]-c1990. url p. 15.
- Final environmental impact statement: proposed estuarine sanctuary grant award for Apalachicola Bay and lower Apalachicola River, Franklin County, Florida to State of Florida / Washington, D.C.: Office of Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1979. url .
- Fossil mammals of the coleman ILA local fauna, Sumter County, Florida. 1969. url , , .
- Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. 1965 Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1946-1996. url p. 6.
- Name that animal; a guide to the identification of the common land and fresh-water animals of the United States, with special reference to the area east of the Rockies. With drawings by Olive Driver. Northampton? Mass., 1950 url p. 483.
- Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 215.
- Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 110, p. 115, p. 116, p. 137, p. 139, p. 151, p. 152, p. 154, p. 155, p. 156, p. 157, p. 160, p. 163, p. 166, p. 168, p. 213, p. 215, p. 216, p. 609, p. 611, p. 613.
- Smithsonian year. 1972 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965-1976. url p. 203.
- The Great Basin naturalist. 45 1985 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 351.
- The University of Kansas science bulletin. [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. url p. 921, p. 922, p. 926.
- Threatened wildlife of the United States. Washington, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife [for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1973. url p. 211.
- Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science. [Lexington, Ky.]Kentucky Academy of Science, 1923-1997. url p. 127, p. 129, p. 132, p. 144, p. 155, p. 178, p. 38, p. 83, p. 87, p. 90, p. 91, p. 94, p. 96.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 30, 2012.
- Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
- Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. Plecotus rafinesquii. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org . Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 12, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 6 providers.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 12, 2008:
- Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
- Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science: Mammal specimens
- Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database
- Michigan State University Museum: Vertebrate specimens
- Royal Ontario Museum: Mammal specimens
- University of Alaska Museum of the North: MSB Mammals Specimens
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 105225
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-180027
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 180027
- IUCN ID: 17600
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AMACC08020
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1114
