Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Albanian:
Ushojze e zeze
Common Names in Bulgarian:
Pisia
Common Names in Catalan:
Bot, Plana, Plana D'it, Plana d'Itàlia
Common Names in Croatian:
Iverak, Kalkan, Pasara, Platka, Zlatopjeg
Common Names in Czech:
Plat, Platáz bradavicnatá, Platýs bradavicnatý, Platýs malý
Common Names in Danish:
Flynder, Skrubbe
Common Names in Dutch:
Bot
Common Names in English:
Baltic flounder, Butt, European flounder, Flounder, Fluke, Mud flounder, North Atlantic flounder, River flounder, white fluke
Common Names in Estonian:
Lest
Common Names in Faroese:
Ósaskrubba
Common Names in Finnish:
Kampela
Common Names in French:
Flet, Flet D´europe, Flet d'Europe
Common Names in Gaelic, Irish:
Leadhbh, Leadhbhóg
Common Names in German:
Butt, Butte, Elbbutt, Flinder, Flinger, Flunder, Gemeine Flunder, Goldflunder, Graubutt, Sandbutt, Strombutt, Strufbutt, Struffbutt, Struvbutt, Wattbutt, Weserbutt
Common Names in Greek:
Chamat, Chamatída, Cheimara, Fasi, Φασί, Χειμάρα, Χωματίδα
Common Names in Greek, Modern:
Chamatída, Cheimara, Fasi, Φασί
Common Names in Greek, Modern (1453):
Chamatída, Cheimara, Fasi, Φασί
Common Names in Icelandic:
Flundra
Common Names in Irish:
Leadhbhóg
Common Names in Italian:
Latesiol, Linguata, Linguata pianusa, Palaria steddara, Pansona, Passara, Passarella, Passarello, Passariello, Passarin, Passaru, Passaua, Passera, Passera nera, Passera pianuzza, Passera planuzza, Passerino, Passira, Passr, Pianuzza, Rummo, Solla
Common Names in Japanese:
Karei
Common Names in Latvian:
Plekste
Common Names in Lithuanian:
Upine Plek
Common Names in Mandarin Chinese:
川鰈, 川鲽, 河鰈, 河鲽
Common Names in Manx:
Liehbage
Common Names in Norwegian:
Skrubbe
Common Names in Polish:
Stornia
Common Names in Portuguese:
Patruça, Petruca, Solha, Solha Das Pedras Patr, Solha das pedras patrúcia, Solha-das-pedras
Common Names in Romanian:
Cambula
Common Names in Rumanian:
Cambula, Cambula de liman
Common Names in Russian:
Baltiiskaya rechnaya kambala, Chernomorskaya kambala, Morskaja kambala, Rechnaja kambala, речная камбала
Common Names in Serbian:
Iverak, Jandroga
Common Names in Slovak:
Platesa Mal, Platesa malá
Common Names in Slovene:
Iverka, Jezik
Common Names in Slovenian:
Iverka, Jezik
Common Names in Spanish:
Platija, Platija europea, Platixa, Solla
Common Names in Swedish:
Flundra, Skrubba, Skrubbflundra, Skrubbsk, Skrubbskädda
Common Names in Turkish:
Derepisi baligi, Derepisisi, Derepisisi balığı
Description
Habitat
Typically found in a lake at a mean distance from sea level of -3 meters (-9 feet).[1]
Ecology:
Platichthys flesus is common
around the British Isles, where it is typically found resting on
the muddy substrate of estuaries. It has been found at a depth range
of 1-100 m.
It migrates into the open sea
to breed
from March to
June, during which time it can migrate up to 300 km
offshore, although
it will more often migrate just 30 km. The larvae feed
on copepods
and diatoms
and gradually shift to a diet
of mysids
, decapods, crustaceans,
polychaetes
, and bivalves
. The young then return to estuarine
waters,
where they live on the bottom
until they are ready to migrate and
spawn
.[2].
List of Habitats
:
- 9 Marine Neritic
- 9.5 Marine Neritic - Subtidal Sandy-Mud
- 9.6 Marine Neritic - Subtidal Muddy
- 9.10 Marine Neritic - Estuaries
- 12 Marine Intertidal
- 12.4 Marine Intertidal - Mud Flats and Salt Flats [more info]
Biology
Diet
Juveniles of less than a year old feed on plankton and larvae of insects, juveniles of more than a year and adults feed on benthic fauna [3], including small fishes and invertebrates (Ref. 30193).
Migration
Migratory fish , which is most of the year found in estuaries (Ref. 51442). During winter, adults retreat to deeper, warmer waters, where they spawn in spring [4]. The growing larvae are moving to the coast[3]. Juveniles live in shallow coastal waters and estuaries, which are also the summer feeding grounds for the adults[4].
Behavior
Nocturnal and burrowing[4].
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
()
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
()
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
()
- Superorder:
Acanthopterygii
()
- Order:
Pleuronectiformes
()
- Suborder:
Pleuronectoidei
()
-
- Family:
Pleuronectidae
()
- Subfamily:
Pleuronectinae
()
- Genus:
Platichthys
()
- Girard, 1856
- Specific name:
flesus
- Scientific name: - Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Specific name:
flesus
- Genus:
Platichthys
(
- Subfamily:
Pleuronectinae
(
- Family:
Pleuronectidae
(
- Suborder:
Pleuronectoidei
(
- Order:
Pleuronectiformes
(
- Superorder:
Acanthopterygii
(
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
(
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
(
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
(
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Synonyms
Flesus vulgaris • Flesus vulgaris Moreau • Platessa carnaria • Platessa carnaria Brown • Platessa glabra • Platessa glabra Rathke • Platichthys flesus • Platichthys flesus bogdanovi • Platichthys flesus bogdanovi (Sandeberg • Platichthys flesus flesus • Platichthys flesus flesus (Linnaeus • Platichthys flesus luscus • Platichthys flesus luscus (Pallas • Platichthys flesus marmorata • Platichthys flesus marmorata Nordmann • Platichthys flesus trachurus • Platichthys flesus trachurus (Duncker • Pleuronectes bogdanovii • Pleuronectes bogdanovii Sandeberg • Pleuronectes flesoides • Pleuronectes flesoides Pontoppidan • Pleuronectes flesus • Pleuronectes flesus baltica Suvorov • Pleuronectes flesus caninensis Suvorov • Pleuronectes flesus leiurus Duncker • Pleuronectes flesus Linnaeus • Pleuronectes flesus Linnaeus, 1758 • Pleuronectes flesus luscus Pallas • Pleuronectes flesus septentrionalis Berg • Pleuronectes flesus trachurus Duncker • Pleuronectes italicus Günther • Pleuronectes luscus Pallas • Pleuronectes passer Linnaeus • Pleuronectes roseus Shaw
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: Data
last modified by FishBase 02-Mar-1994
Similar Species
Members of the genus Platichthys
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 7 species and subspecies in this genus:
P. bicoloratus (Stone Flounder) · P. flesus (North Atlantic Flounder) · P. flesus bogdanovi (White Sea Flounder) · P. flesus flesus (North Atlantic Flounder) · P. flesus septentrionalis (Northern Flounder) · P. stellatus (Long-Jaw Flounder) · P. stellatus rugosus (Emerywheel)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- A biology of Crustacea. Chicago, Quadrangle Books[1961] url p. 107, p. 112, p. 177.
- A systematic monograph of the flatfishes (Heterosomata) / By J.R. Norman, &c. London, 1934. url p. 355, p. 377, p. 381, p. 382, p. 47.
- An evaluation of candidate measures of biological effects for the National Status and Trends Program / Edward R. Long and Michael F. Buchman. Seattle, Wash.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, [Ocean Assessments Division, Coastal and Estuarine Assessment Branch, Pacific Office, 1989] url p. 104, p. 90, p. 91, p. 99.
- Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) url p. 104, p. 111, p. 115, p. 118, p. 120, p. 138, p. 14, p. 140, p. 153, p. 169, p. 17, p. 19, p. 200, p. 21, p. 31, p. 32, p. 34, p. 461, p. 87, p. 91.
- Current bibliography for aquatic sciences and fisheries. London, Taylor & Francis ltd. url , p. 311, p. 36, p. 476, p. 591, p. 745.
- Dean bibliography of fishes. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1971-1973. url p. 135, p. 168, p. 174, p. 233, p. 235, p. 244, p. 245, p. 252, p. 260, p. 261, p. 262, p. 270, p. 271, p. 280, p. 281, p. 287, p. 288, p. 289, p. 289, p. 295, p. 299, p. 301, p. 339, p. 447, p. 458, p. 459, p. 479, p. 495, p. 517, p. 518, p. 522, p. 526, p. 527, p. 529, p. 543, p. 551, p. 558, p. 560, p. 562, p. 566, p. 568, p. 577, p. 581, p. 582, p. 597, p. 599, p. 607, p. 609, p. 611, p. 617, p. 624, p. 627, p. 663, p. 671, p. 691, p. 710, p. 713, p. 719, p. 75, p. 76.
- Fishery bulletin / U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service: url , p. 2, p. 293, p. 621, p. 723, p. 725, p. 869.
- Leeches (Hirudinea) their structure, physiology, ecology and embryology / by K.H. Mann. With an appendix on the systematics of marine leeches, by E. W. Knight-Jones. New York, Pergamon Press, 1962. url p. 183.
- Monitoring the marine environment of Long Island Sound at Millstone Nuclear Power Station, Waterford, Connecticut: three operational studies, 1986-1987 / [prepared by the Environmental Laboratory staff of Northeast Utilities Service Company]. Waterford, Connecticut: Northeast Utilities, [1988] url p. 224.
- Mussel watch worldwide literature survey - 1991 / Adriana Y. Cantillo. Rockville, Md.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, [1991] url p. 86.
- Natural science. London: Macmillan & Co., [1892-1899] url p. 237.
- Natural science: a monthly review of scientific progress. London [etc.]: Macmillan and Company [etc.], [1892-1899] url p. 237.
- Polychlorinated biphenyl hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates: a synoptic review / by Ronald Eisler (Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). Laurel, MD: The Service, 1986. url p. 31, p. 48.
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: sources, fate and levels in air, water, soil, sediments, sludge and food in Ontario / prepared for Hazardous Contaminants Branch by Concord Scientific Corporation and Beak Consultants. [Toronto]: Environment Ontario, 1992. url p. 46.
- Special scientific report. Seattle, National Marine Fisheries Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1971. url p. 47.
- The Biological bulletin. Woods Hole, Mass.: Marine Biological Laboratory, url p. 130, p. 209, p. 210, p. 318.
- The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url , p. 343, p. 429, p. 435, p. 467, p. 654, p. 89, p. 90.
- The Trematoda of British fishes. London, Sold by B. Quaritch, 1947. url p. 340.
- The biology of marine animals. New York, Interscience Publishers[1960] url p. 108, p. 488, p. 54.
- The changing Illinois environment: critical trends: technical report of the Critical Trends Assessment Project. Springfield, Ill.: Ill. Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources, 1994. url p. 181, p. 46.
- The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation [by] Gordon Lynn Walls. Bloomfield Hills, Mich., Cranbrook Institute of Science, 1942 url p. 386.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.
- FishBase 2006.
- FishBase. Release date: January 5, 2010
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 12, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 27 providers.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Munroe, T.A. 2010. Platichthys flesus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 04February2012.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, MCZ Fish Collection
- The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Niv
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Swedish Board of Fisheries
- - Institute of Coastal Research
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Swedish Board of Fisheries
- - Swedish Electrofishing Registry
- University of Navarra, Museum of Zoology, Museum of Zoology, University of Navarra
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 135468
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-23725
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2279155
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 172894
- IUCN ID: 233548
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AFCTB22010
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 177547
Footnotes
- Standard Deviation = 102.090 based on 10,737 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
- Munroe, T.A. 2010. Platichthys flesus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 February 2012. [back]
- "Murdannia stenothyrsa". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 31. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Cooper, J.A. and F. Chapleau (1998). Monophyly and intrarelationships of the family Pleuronectidae (Pleuronectiformes), with a revised classification. Fish. Bull. 96(4):686-726. [back]
