Perisoreus canadensis

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,925 meters (0 to 12,877 feet).[1]

Ecology: List of Habitats : 1.1 Forest - Boreal 1.4 Forest - Temperate

Biology

Diet

Primarily: Insects Fruit Carrion .

Reproduction

• Breeding Habitat : Woodland
• Nest Location: Mid-story/canopy nesting
• Nest Type: Open-cup
• Clutch Size: 2-5
• Length of Incubation : 16-18 days
• Days to Fledge : 15
• Number of Broods: 1

Migration

Nonmigratory

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001.

Similar Species

Clark's Nutcracker

Members of the genus Perisoreus

There are approximately 21 species in this genus:

P. canadensis (Canadian Carrion Bird) · P. canadensis albescens · P. canadensis arcus · P. canadensis barbouri · P. canadensis bicolor · P. canadensis canadensis (Canadian Carrion Bird) · P. canadensis capitalis · P. canadensis griseus · P. canadensis macrolopha · P. canadensis nigricapillus · P. canadensis obscurus · P. canadensis pacificus · P. canadensis sanfordi · P. infaustus (Siberian Jay) · P. infaustus infaustus (Siberian Jay) · P. infaustus maritimus · P. infaustus opicus · P. infaustus ruthenus · P. infaustus sibericus · P. internigrans (Szechwan Grey Jay) · P. perisoreus

More Info

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• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A check list of North American birds. Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1882. ENG url p. 67.
• A dictionary of birds, by Alfred Newton, assisted by Hans Gadow, with contributions from Richard Lydekker Charles S. Roy and Robert W. Shufeldt London, A. and C. Black, 1893-1896. ENG url p. 1036.
• A guide to the birds of New England and eastern New York; containing a key for each season and short descriptions of over 250 species, with particular reference to their appearance in the field, by Ralph Huffmann...with four full page plates by Louis Agas BostonHoughton, Mifflin and company1904. ENG url p. 197, p. 355.
• A history of North American birds, by S.F. Baird, T.M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. Land birds, illustrated by 64 chromo-lithographic plates and 593 woodcuts. Boston, Little, Brown, 1875. ENG url p. 299, p. 302.
• A history of the birds of Colorado, by William Lutley Sclater London, Witherby and co., 1912. ENG url p. 565.
• A list of the birds of New Hampshire. By Glover M. Allen. Manchester, N.H., Nature Study press, 1903. ENG url p. 193, p. 216, p. 47.
• A manual of North American birds. By Robert Ridgway. Illustrated by 464 outline drawings of the generic characters. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1887. ENG url p. 359, p. 601, p. 607, p. 616.
• A popular handbook of the birds of the United States and Canada, by Thomas Nuttall. Boston, Little, Brown, 1903. ENG url p. 138, p. 425.
• A popular handbook of the ornithology of eastern North America. By Thomas Nuttall. Boston, Little, Brown, and Company, 1896. ENG url p. 138.
• Alsop, Fred J. III. Birds of North America - Eastern Region. First American Edition. Smithsonian Handbooks. DK Publishing, Inc. 2001.
• Animal Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1961. ENG url p. 457.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 149, p. 172, p. 98.
• Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 126, p. 211, p. 462, p. 474, p. 80.
• Asteroid notes. Northfield, Minn, Goodsell Observatory of Carleton College, 1934-1950. ENG url p. 495.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner 1987. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C., USA. 79.
• Bird guide: land birds east of the Rockies from parrots to bluebirds / by Chester A. Reed. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1916, c1909. ENG url p. 58.
• Bird-lore. New York, National Association of Audubon Societies. ENG url p. 354.
• BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
• BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
• Birds of eastern Canada, by P. A. Taverner. Ottawa, J. de L. Tachprinter, 1919. ENG url p. 154, p. 288.
• Birds of the Colorado Valley: a repository of scientific and popular information concerning North American ornithology / by Elliott Coues. Washington: G.P.O., 1878. ENG url p. 560, p. 687.
• Birds of the Northwest: a hand-book of the ornithology of the region drained by the Missouri River and its tributaries / by Elliott Coues. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1874. ENG url p. 221.
• Birds of the Rockies, by Leander S. Keyser... with eight full-page plates [four in color] by Louis Agassiz Fuertes; many illustrations in the text by Bruce Horsfall, and eight views of localities from photographs; with a c Chicago, A. C. McClurg and co., 1902. ENG url p. 330.
• Birds of village and field: a bird book for beginners, by Florence A. Merriam. Illustrated. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1898. ENG url p. 217, p. 404.
• Birds. With the co-operation of John Cassin and George N. Lawrence. Washington, D.C., 1858. ENG url p. 590.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 1, p. 118, p. 13, p. 14, p. 15, p. 20, p. 239, p. 25, p. 30, p. 30, p. 30, p. 331, p. 366, p. 368, p. 369, p. 370, p. 371, p. 373, p. 374, p. 481, p. 482, p. 483, p. 484, p. 486, p. 487, p. 490, p. 492, p. 60, p. 64, p. 771, p. 781, p. 785.
• Bulletin / Peabody Museum of Natural History. New Haven: The Museum, ENG url p. 184, p. 33, p. 51.
• Bulletin of the Essex Institute. Salem, Mass., Essex Institute. ENG url p. 113, p. 193.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 163, p. 167, p. 179, p. 389, p. 396, p. 399, p. 402, p. 413, p. 639.
• Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. Cambridge, Mass.: The Club, [1876-1883] ENG url p. 115, p. 252, p. 53, p. 94.
• Camp-fires in the Canadian Rockies / by William T. Hornaday; illustrations by John M. Phillips. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1906. ENG url p. 351.
• Cassinia. Philadelphia, Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. ENG url p. 71, p. 88.
• Catalogue of Canadian birds, by John Macoun and James M. Macoun Ottawa, Government printing bureau, 1909. ENG url p. 407.
• Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. by Charles E. Hellmayr. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1934. ENG url p. 69.
• Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. ENG url p. 797.
• Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. London, 1874-98. ENG url p. 103, p. 104, p. 105, p. 106.
• Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum / By E. W. Oates [and afterwards] by S. G. Reid [and] W. R. Ogilvie-Grant. London, 1901-12. ENG url p. 495.
• Check-list and bibliography on the occurrence of insects in birds' nests. Ames, Iowa State College Press[1959] ENG url p. 429.
• Check-list of North American birds / prepared by a committee of the American ornithologists' union. Lancaster, Pa.: The Union, 1931. ENG url p. 220, p. 400, p. 480, p. 483, p. 486, p. 494, p. 516.
• Check-list of North American birds: according to the canons of nomenclature of the American Ornithologists' Union. [s.l.]: The Union, 1889. ENG url p. 43.
• Color key to North American birds, by Frank M. Chapman with upward of 800 drawings by Chester A. Reed, B. S. New York, Doubleday, Page and company, 1903. ENG url p. 276, p. 304.
• Ehrlich, P., Dobkin, D., and Wheye, D. (1988). The Birders Handbook: A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc. (info on clutch size, length of incubation, days to fledge and number of broods.)
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• Fauna of New England, 11: list of the aves / by Glover M. Allen. Boston: Society of Natural History, 1909. ENG url p. 134, p. 6.
• Fauna of New England. Boston, Printed for the [Boston] Society [of Natural History] from the Gurdon Saltonstall Fund, 1904-25. ENG url p. 134, p. 6.
• Fauna of New England. List of the Araneida. Boston, For Society, 1908. ENG url p. 6.
• Fauna of the Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula, by Olaus J. Murie. Invertebrates and fishes collected in the Aleutians, 1936-38, by Victor B. Scheffer. [Washington, Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1959] ENG url p. 214.
• Field ornithology. Comprising a manual of instruction for procuring, preparing and preserving birds, and a check list of North American birds, by Elliott Coues. Salem [Mass.]Naturalists' Agency, 1874. ENG url p. 129.
• First report of the state zoist: accompanied with Notes on the birds of Minnesota / by P.L. Hatch, Henry F. Nachtrieb, state zoist. Minneapolis: Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota: 1892. ENG url p. 265, p. 460, p. 479.
• Fishery circular / U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries. [Washington]: The Bureau, 1931-1939. ENG url p. 50.
• Foreign birds for cage and aviary. By Arthur G. Butler. London, "The Feathered world"[191-?] ENG url p. 72.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. ENG url p. 215, p. 219, p. 266, p. 78.
• Handbook of birds of the western United States, including the great plains, great basin, Pacific slope, and lower Rio Grande valley, by Florence Merriam Bailey, with thirty-three full-page plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes, and over six hundred cuts in the Boston, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1904. ENG url p. 277.
• Ibis. [London]Published for the British Ornithologists' Union by Academic Press. ENG url p. 267, p. 268, p. 298, p. 321, p. 400, p. 426, p. 494, p. 8, p. 87.
• Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Washington [etc., Washington Academy of Sciences] ENG url p. 113.
• Key to North American birds. Containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary, inclusive of Greenland and lower California Boston, Estes and Lauriat, 1890. ENG url p. 878.
• L'oiseau. Paris, Soci nationale d'acclimatation de France, [1920]-[1929]. FRE url p. 85.
• Lake Superior: its physical character, vegetation, and animals, compared with those of other and similar regions. By Louis Agassiz. With a narrative of the tour, by J. Elliot Cabot. And contributions by other scientific gentlemen Boston, Gould, Kendall and Lincoln, 1850. ENG url p. 384.
• Les oiseaux de la province le Quebec, par C.-E. Dionne. Quebec, Dussault and Proulx, 1906. FRE url p. 411.
• Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. Cambridge, Mass.: The Club, 1886- ENG url p. 236, p. 237.
• Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. Lawrence, University of Kansas, 1946-1996. ENG url p. 169, p. 27, p. 28, p. 85.
• Natural history: a manual of zoology for schools, colleges, and the general reader / by Sanborn Tenney. New York: Charles Scribner and Co., 1865. ENG url p. 228.
• Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau: wöchentliche Berichte über die Fortschritte auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Naturwissenschaften. Braunschweig: Druck und verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, 1886- GER url p. 192.
• Nests and eggs of North American birds; by Oliver Davie. Columbus [O.]Hann and Adair, 1889. ENG url p. 263.
• North American birds eggs, by Chester A. Reed...illustrating the eggs of nearly every species of North American birds. New York, Doubleday, Page and company, 1904. ENG url p. 348.
• Ornithological bibliography. [Washington: Geological Survey [etc.], 1878-1880. ENG url p. 608.
• Ornithologist and oist. Pawtucket, R.I. ENG url p. 45.
• Ornithology and oy of New England: containing full descriptions of the birds of New England, and adjoining states and provinces by Edward A. Samuels. Boston, Nichols and Noyes, 1867. ENG url p. 366, p. 372.
• Our living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems / [edited by], Edward T. LaRoe [et al.]. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Biological Service, 1995. ENG url p. 500, p. 515.
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• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 423, p. 439, p. 509.
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• Report upon natural history collections made in Alaska between the years 1877 and 1881 / by Edward W. Nelson. Ed. by Henry W. Henshaw. Washington, Govt. Print. Off.1887. ENG url p. 33, p. 335.
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 3, 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 05, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 10 providers.
• Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
• NatureServe. 2003. Downloadable animal data sets. NatureServe Central Databases. Accessed February 6, 2005.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2004. Version 2005.2. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 05, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal British Columbia Museum
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• University of Alaska Museum of the North: DGR Birds Specimens
• University of Alaska Museum of the North: MSB Birds Specimens
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3847131
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-179678
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13297004
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 179667
• IUCN ID: 51124
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPAV01010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 13079

Footnotes

1. Mean = 711.050 meters (2,332.841 feet), Standard Deviation = 730.600 based on 19,165 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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