Pelecanus occidentalis

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Coastal shores .

Vegetation: freshwater marshes, coastal waters • Foraging Strata: Water • Center of Abundance: Lower tropical: lowlands, lower than 500 m.; tropics. • Sensitivity to Disturbance: High

Typically found in a lake at a mean distance from sea level of 6 meters (19 feet).[1]

Ecology: This species inhabits shallow inshore waters , estuaries and bays , avoiding the open sea . Its diet is comprised mostly of fish, causing great congregations in areas with abundant prey . Prey species include sardines and anchovies , but has been seem to take shrimps and carrion , and even nestling egrets. It regularly feeds by plunge-diving and is often the victim of kleptoparasites. The timing of breeding varies depending on latitude , breeding in spring in the extreme north of its range compared to all year round in the tropics. Brown Pelicans are colonial , with some colonies being maintained over several years. It mostly nests on the ground , sometimes on cliffs and less often in small trees or bushes. Movements and migrations depend on local conditions (e.g. northern populations migrate south)1.

[2].

List of Habitats :

• 9 Marine Neritic
• 9.1 Marine Neritic - Pelagic
• 9.2 Marine Neritic - Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs
• 9.3 Marine Neritic - Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel
• 9.4 Marine Neritic - Subtidal Sandy
• 9.5 Marine Neritic - Subtidal Sandy-Mud
• 9.7 Marine Neritic - Macroalgal/Kelp
• 9.9 Marine Neritic - Seagrass (Submerged)
• 9.10 Marine Neritic - Estuaries
• 10 Marine Oceanic
• 10.1 Marine Oceanic - Epipelagic (0-200m)
• 10.2 Marine Oceanic - Mesopelagic (200-1000m)
• 12 Marine Intertidal
• 12.1 Marine Intertidal - Rocky Shoreline
• 12.2 Marine Intertidal - Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars , Spits , Etc
• 12.3 Marine Intertidal - Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches
• 13 Marine Coastal/Supratidal
• 13.1 Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands

Biology

Diet

Various species of fish and crustaceans.

Reproduction

Brown Pelicans nest in large colonies in trees , bushes, or even on the ground .

Clutch Size: 3 Length of Incubation : 28-30 days Days to Fledge : 71-88 Number of Broods: 1

Migration

Migratory

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 24-Jun-1996

Similar Species

American White Pelican, Northern Gannet

Members of the genus Pelecanus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 16 species and subspecies in this genus:

P. conspicillatus (Australasian Pelican) · P. crispus (Dalamatian Pelican) · P. erythrorhynchos (American White Pelecan) · P. novaezealandiae (New Zealand Pelican) · P. occidentalis (American Brown Pelican) · P. occidentalis californicus (Brown Pelican) · P. occidentalis carolinensis (Brown Pelican) · P. occidentalis occidentalis (Brown Pelican) · P. occidentalis thagus (Brown Pelican) · P. occidentalis urinator (Brown Pelican) · P. onocrotalus (Eastern White Pelican) · P. philippensis (Spot-Billed Pelican) · P. philippensis philippensis (Spot-Billed Pelican) · P. roseus (Rosy Pelican) · P. rufescens (Pink-Backed Pelican) · P. thagus (Chilean Brown Pelican)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A Directory of Neotropical Wetlands. IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 137, p. 138, p. 140, p. 141, p. 142, p. 158, p. 174, p. 199, p. 214, p. 260, p. 282, p. 283, p. 284, p. 287, p. 290, p. 292, p. 293, p. 294, p. 310, p. 325, p. 326, p. 338, p. 346, p. 361, p. 362, p. 363, p. 364, p. 365, p. 366, p. 369, p. 371, p. 372, p. 373, p. 374, p. 378, p. 379, p. 380, p. 381, p. 382, p. 383, p. 384, p. 388, p. 389, p. 396, p. 397, p. 404, p. 407, p. 411, p. 412, p. 414, p. 416, p. 417, p. 421, p. 436, p. 445, p. 491, p. 505, p. 506, p. 517, p. 520, p. 521, p. 524, p. 530, p. 533, p. 539, p. 540, p. 541, p. 554, p. 562, p. 563, p. 566, p. 567, p. 568, p. 569, p. 570, p. 571, p. 588, p. 589, p. 590, p. 591, p. 592, p. 593, p. 595, p. 670.
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• A history of the birds of Colorado, London, Witherby & Co., 1912. url , , .
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2009. Pelecanus occidentalis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 03February2012.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 09, 2007:

• Avian Knowledge Network, eBird
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Royal British Columbia Museum
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM, CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
• , Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8925
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-174686
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13761683
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 174685
• IUCN ID: 230894
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNFC01020
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: B02L
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 152531

Footnotes

1. Standard Deviation = 386.380 based on 10,855 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. BirdLife International 2009. Pelecanus occidentalis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 03 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.