Passerculus sandwichensis

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Found in overgrown pastures during migrations, and in agricultural fields and on beaches during the winter.

Vegetation: northern temperate grasslands, arid lowland scrubs, pastures and agricultural lands • Maximum Elevation: 3,300 meters • Foraging Strata: Terrestrial • Center of Abundance: Middle montane: mountains, middle range, 1,600-2,600 m. • Sensitivity to Disturbancet: Low

Ecology: List of Habitats : 4.4 Grassland - Temperate 12.5 Marine Intertidal - Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses) 14.2 Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland

Biology

Diet

Mostly: Seeds. Lesser Quantities of: Insects.

Reproduction

• Breeding Habitat : Grassland
• Nest Location: Ground-low nesting
• Nest Type: Open-cup
• Clutch Size: 3-6
• Length of Incubation : (10-)12-13 days
• Days to Fledge : 7-10(-14?)
• Number of Broods: 2, 1 in far north

Migration

Migratory

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Ammodramus sandwichensis (J. F. Gmelin, 1789)

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 22-May-2001.

Similar Species

Song Sparrow, Vesper Sparrow

Members of the genus Passerculus

There are approximately 30 species in this genus:

P. alaudinus · P. beldingi · P. princeps · P. rostratus · P. sandwichensis (Large-Billed Sparrow) · P. sandwichensis alaudinus · P. sandwichensis anthinus · P. sandwichensis anulus · P. sandwichensis atratus (Savannah Sparrow) · P. sandwichensis beldingi (Belding's Savannah Sparrow) · P. sandwichensis brooksi · P. sandwichensis brunnescens · P. sandwichensis brunnescens-nevadens · P. sandwichensis bryanti · P. sandwichensis crassus · P. sandwichensis guttatus · P. sandwichensis labradorius · P. sandwichensis magdalenae · P. sandwichensis mediogriseus · P. sandwichensis nevadensis · P. sandwichensis oblitus · P. sandwichensis princeps (Ipswich Sparrow) · P. sandwichensis rostratus (Large-Billed Savannah Sparrow) · P. sandwichensis rufofuscus (Chihuahua Savannah Sparrow) · P. sandwichensis sanctorum · P. sandwichensis sandwichensis (Large-Billed Sparrow) · P. sandwichensis savana · P. sandwichensis savanna · P. sandwichensis ssp · P. sandwichensis x

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. ENG url p. 18.
• A geographic classification of Neotropical mammals. [Chicago]Chicago Natural History Museum, 1958. ENG url p. 638.
• Alsop, Fred J. III. Birds of North America - Eastern Region. First American Edition. Smithsonian Handbooks. DK Publishing, Inc. 2001.
• Animal Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1961. ENG url p. 464.
• Animal life in the Yosemite; an account of the mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians in a cross-section of the Sierra Nevada, by Joseph Grinnell and Tracy Irwin Storer Berkeley, Calif., University of California Press, 1924. ENG url p. 442, p. 748.
• Annals of the Carnegie Museum. [Pittsburgh]: Published by authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, 1901- ENG url p. 571.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 144, p. 150.
• Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 217.
• Asteroid notes. Northfield, Minn, Goodsell Observatory of Carleton College, 1934-1950. ENG url p. 263.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner 1987. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C., USA. 79.
• BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.
• BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
• Birds of California; an introduction to more than three hundred common birds of the state and adjacent islands, with a supplementary list of rare migrants, accidental visitants, and hypothetical subspecies, by Irene Grosvenor Wheelock with ten fullpag Chicago, A.C. McClurg & Co., 1912. ENG url p. 216.
• Brigham Young University science bulletin. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University, [1955-1976] ENG url p. 72.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 142, p. 153, p. 1800, p. 1801, p. 1802, p. 1807, p. 1811, p. 1833, p. 1843, p. 1848, p. 1853, p. 1855, p. 1866, p. 1867, p. 1868, p. 190, p. 192, p. 194, p. 197, p. 198, p. 262, p. 265, p. 267, p. 270, p. 333, p. 58, p. 657, p. 675, p. 676, p. 678, p. 696, p. 698, p. 700, p. 705, p. 711, p. 712, p. 714, p. 715, p. 717, p. 718, p. 721, p. 722, p. 724, p. 756, p. 89, p. 93.
• Bulletin / Peabody Museum of Natural History. New Haven: The Museum, ENG url p. 191.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) url p. 336.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 272, p. 274, p. 366, p. 447, p. 448, p. 461, p. 645.
• Catalogue of Canadian birds, by John Macoun and James M. Macoun Ottawa, Government printing bureau, 1909. ENG url p. 499.
• Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. by Charles E. Hellmayr. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1938. ENG url p. 488, p. 491, p. 660.
• Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. London, 1874-98. ENG url p. 674, p. 840.
• Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum / By E. W. Oates [and afterwards] by S. G. Reid [and] W. R. Ogilvie-Grant. London, 1901-12. ENG url p. 263.
• Check-list of North American birds / prepared by a committee of the American ornithologists' union. Lancaster, Pa.: The Union, 1931. ENG url p. 335, p. 484, p. 501, p. 506.
• Ehrlich, P., Dobkin, D., and Wheye, D. (1988). The Birders Handbook: A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc. (info on clutch size, length of incubation, days to fledge and number of broods.)
• FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. ENG url p. 140, p. 77.
• Fauna of the Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula, by Olaus J. Murie. Invertebrates and fishes collected in the Aleutians, 1936-38, by Victor B. Scheffer. [Washington, Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1959] ENG url p. 243.
• Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History. Cincinnati: The Society, 1878/79 [i.e. 1878 or 1879]-1945. ENG url p. 57.
• Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. Lawrence, University of Kansas, 1946-1996. ENG url p. 169, p. 21, p. 28, p. 56.
• Our living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems / [edited by], Edward T. LaRoe [et al.]. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Biological Service, 1995. ENG url p. 299, p. 303, p. 520, p. 522.
• Pacific coast avifauna / Cooper Ornithological Club of California. Santa Clara, Calif.: The Club, 1900-1974. ENG url p. 51, p. 86.
• Postilla. New Haven, Peabody Museum of Natural History, 1950-2004. ENG url p. 40.
• Proceedings and transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. Délibérations et mémoires de la Société royale du Canada. Ottawa [etc.]Société royale du Canada. FRE url p. 207.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. ENG url p. 495, p. 511, p. 596, p. 759, p. 786.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 151, p. 236, p. 338, p. 436, p. 495, p. 526, p. 533, p. 567, p. 569, p. 594, p. 604, p. 609, p. 610, p. 614, p. 615, p. 619, p. 621.
• Robbins, C.S., Bruun, B., Zim, H.S., (1966). Birds of North America. New York: Western Publishing Company, Inc. (Length and wingspan info.)
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. ENG url p. 178, p. 21, p. 9.
• The Canadian bird book: illustrating in natural colors more than seven hundred north American birds, also several hundred photographs of their nests and eggs / by Chester A. Reed. Toronto: Musson Book Co., c1914. ENG url p. 337.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, The Ottawa-Field-Naturalists Club. ENG url p. 164.
• The Great Basin naturalist. Provo, Utah, M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University. ENG url p. 113, p. 267, p. 520, p. 736.
• The Journal of the Maine Ornithological Society. Bangor: Maine Ornithological Society, 1899-1911. ENG url p. 30.
• The bird book: illustrating in natural colors more than seven hundred North American birds; also several hundred photographs of their nests and eggs / by Chester A. Reed. Garden City, New York, Doubleday, Page & company, 1915. ENG url p. 337.
• The natural history review. Dublin: Hodges & Smith, 1854-1865. ENG url p. 281.
• The ornithology of Illinois / [by Robert Ridgway and S.A. Forbes]. Springfield, Ill., H.W. Rokker, printer, 1889-1895. ENG url p. 259.
• Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History. [San Diego]: The Society, 1905- ENG url p. 222, p. 297, p. 297, p. 412, p. 48.

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 4, 2006.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed September 16, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 10, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 13 providers.
• Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2004. Version 2005.2. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 10, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Birds
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: North West Territories and Nunavut Bird Checklist, Canada
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Royal British Columbia Museum
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• EMAN Provider: PIROP (Shipboard Surveys)
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Ornithology Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• Royal Ontario Museum: Bird specimens
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
• University of Colorado Museum: Zoological specimens
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3850255
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-179331
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13828353
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 179314
• IUCN ID: 53557
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBX99010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 178321

©2004-2009 the BayScience Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.