Parula americana

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Vegetation: tropical lowland evergreen forest, tropical lowland evergreen forest, second-growth forests and woodlands, tropical lowland evergreen forest, pine-oak forests, gallery forests • Maximum Elevation: 1,500 meters • Sensitivity to Disturbance: Low

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 5,013 meters (0 to 16,447 feet).[1]

Ecology: List of Habitats :

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.4     Forest - Temperate   
  
•     1.6     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland   
[more info]

Biology

Diet

Primarily: Insects

Reproduction

Nests late April to late June.

• Breeding Habitat : Woodland
• Nest Location: Mid-story/canopy nesting
• Nest Type: Open-cup
• Clutch Size: 3-7
• Length of Incubation : 12-14 days

Migration

Migratory

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Parula americana (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 11-Oct-2007

Similar Species

Tropical Parula

Members of the genus Parula

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 9 species and subspecies in this genus:

P. americana (Blue Yellow-Backed Warbler) · P. americana americana (Northern Parula) · P. americana ushnea (Northern Parula) · P. gutturalis (Flame-Throated Warbler) · P. pitiayumi (Sennett's Olive-Backed Warbler) · P. pitiayumi nigrilora (Tropical Parula) · P. pitiayumi pitiayumi (Tropical Parula) · P. superciliosa (Crescent-Chested Warbler) · P. superciliosa superciliosa (Crescent-Chested Warbler)

More Info

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• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A catalogue of the birds of Kansas. By N.S. Goss. Published under the direction of the Executive council. Topeka, Kansas Publishing House, 1883. url p. 8.
• A catalogue of the collection of birds formed by the late Hugh Edwin Strickland. Cambridge, Univ. Press, 1882. url p. 88.
• A check list of North American birds. Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1882. url p. 34.
• A check list of North-American birds by Elliott Coues. Salem, Mass.: F.W. Putnam, 1879. url .
• A directory of the ornithologists of the United States: comprising a list of the collectors and students of ornithology, with the valuations of their collections, number of species represented, &c., &c., supplemented by statistics of value and information S.L. Willard. Utica, N.Y.: The Oologist, 1877. url p. 43.
• A geographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and North America / by Charles Lucian Bonaparte. London: J. Van Voorst, 1838. url p. 20.
• A history of North American birds / by S. F. Baird, T. M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. 1 1905 Boston: Little, Brown, 1905. url figure , p. 208.
• A history of North American birds Boston, Little, Brown and Co., 1874. url p. 623.
• A history of North American birds land birds / by S. F. Baird, T.M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. Boston: Little, Brown, 1874. url p. 504.
• A history of North American birds, by S.F. Baird, T.M. Brewer, and R. Ridgway. Land birds, illustrated by 64 chromo-lithographic plates and 593 woodcuts. Boston, Little, Brown, 1875. url , p. 207.
• A list of the birds of Hudson highlands: with annotations / by Edgar A. Mearns. [s.l.: s.n.], 1878-1881. url p. 23.
• A preliminary catalog of the birds of Missouri / St. Louis: Academy of Science of St. Louis, 1907. url , .
• A revised list of Cincinnati birds. Cincinnati, Barclay, 1879. url .
• A survey of natural areas in Brunswick County, North Carolina: for The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Coastal Natural Area Inventory Project / Raleigh: North Carolina Coastal Energy Impact Program, Office of Coastal Management, North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Development, [1982?] url .
• Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology: essays in honor of Ernest E. Williams / Cambridge, Mass.: Museum of Comparative Zoology, 1983. url p. 511.
• An ecological characterization of Coastal Maine (north and east of Cape Elizabeth) / Stewart I. Fefer and Patricia S. Schettig: principal investigators. Newton Corner, Mass.: Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Region, 1980. url .
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 110, p. 149, p. 176.
• Animal Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1961. url p. 467.
• Annals of the Carnegie Museum. [Pittsburgh]: Published by authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, 1901- url p. 270.
• Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. New-York: 1824-1876. url p. 419.
• Annual report / Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. St. Paul: Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, 1872-1898. url p. 150.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. 1861 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. url p. 405, p. 421, p. 421, p. 435.
• Annual report on the noxious, beneficial and other insects of the State of Missouri. Jefferson City, Mo.: Ellwood Kirby, 1869-1877. url p. 152.
• Biologia centrali-americana: Aves / [London: R.H. Porter], 1879-1904. url .
• Bird populations in east central Illinois: fluctuations, variations, and development over a half-century / Champaign: University of Illinois Press, c1982. url p. 136.
• Birds / by Spencer Fullerton Baird; with the co-operation of John Cassin and George N. Lawrence. Washington, D.C., 1858. url p. 237.
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• Catalogue of North American birds, chiefly in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington, Smithsonian Institution, 1859. url .
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• Check-list of North American birds. [Ithaca, N.Y.]1957. url p. 485.
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• "Forest and Stream" bird notes. An index and summary of all the ornithological matter contained in "Forest and Stream." Vols. I-XII. New York, Forest and Stream Publishing Co., 1881. url , .
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• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1976 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url fig. 65, page 197, p. 223.
• History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania: from the discovery of the territory included within its limit to the present time, with a notice of the geology of the county, and catalogues of its minerals, plants, quadrupeds, and birds, written un by George Smith, M.D. Philadelphia: Printed by Henry B. Ashmead, 1862. url p. 436.
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• Publications in zoology = Publications en zoologie. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1970-1982. url p. 13.
• Quarterly bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. Cambridge, Mass.: The Club, [1876]. url p. 99.
• Quarterly report of the Pennsylvania Board of Agriculture / Pennsylvania Board of Agriculture. [Harrisburg, Pa.]: Pennsylvania Board of Agriculture, 1873-1894. url .
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• Report upon cotton insects, prepared under the direction of the commissioner of agriculture in pursuance of an act of Congress approved June 19, 1878. By J. Henry Comstock, entomologist to the Department of agriculture. Washington: Gov't. print. off., 1879. url p. 160.
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• The Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History. Cincinnati: The Society, 1878/79 [i.e. 1878 or 1879]-1945. url p. 101, p. 190.
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• The warblers of North America, New York, D. Appleton & Company, 1907. url , .
• The warblers of North America, by Frank M. Chapman, with the coo?peration of other ornithologists; with twenty-four full-page colored plates, illustrating every species, from drawings by Louis Agassiz Fuertes and Bruce Horsfall, an 1907 New York, D. Appleton & Company, 1907. url p. 46.
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• University of Kansas publications, Museum of Natural History. 10 1956 Lawrence, University of Kansas. url p. 13, p. 343, p. 494, p. 580, p. 585, p. 620, p. 638, p. 665, p. 690, p. 692.
• Zoologist. London.1843-1916 url p. 16, p. 4593.
• viii.

Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
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• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
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• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 05, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 16 providers.
• Hines, J. E., Gregory Gough, J. R. Sauer, et al. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• NatureServe. 2003. Downloadable animal data sets. NatureServe Central Databases. Accessed February 6, 2005.
• Parker III, T.A., D.F. Stotz, and J.W. Fitzpatrick, and quot;Ecological and Distributional Databases for Neotropical Birds, and quot; in Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation, by D.F. Stotz, T.A. Parker III, J.W. Fitzpatrick, and D.K. Moskovits (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). ISBN 0-226-64676-9.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2005. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966 - 2004. Version 2005.2. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD
• Sauer, J. R., S. Schwartz, and B. Hoover. 1996. The Christmas Bird Count Home Page. Version 95.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 05, 2008:

• Avian Knowledge Network: eBird
• Avian Knowledge Network: Great Backyard Bird Count
• Avian Knowledge Network: Project FeederWatch
• Bird Studies Canada: Marsh Monitoring Program - Birds
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 1981-1985
• Bird Studies Canada: Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas 2001-2005
• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Ontario Nest Records
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds (Aves)
• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Bird Collection
• Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates: Bird Collection
• EMAN Provider: PIROP (Shipboard Surveys)
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Ornithology Collection
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum: NBM birds
• Royal Ontario Museum: Bird specimens
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• UCLA-Dickey Bird Collection (UCLA-Dickey): Bird specimens
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves
• University of Colorado Museum: Zoological specimens
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ): Bird specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 7393
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-178868
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14369038
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 178868
• IUCN ID: 230615
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABPBX02010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 13583

Footnotes

1. Mean = 623.730 meters (2,046.358 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,097.300 based on 16,526 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.