Paradoxurus hermaphroditus

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,286 meters (0 to 7,500 feet).[1]

Ecology: This species has been found in a wide range of habitats including evergreen and deciduous forest (primary and secondary), plantations and near humans, in habitats up to 2,400 m (Ratnam et al. , 1995; Heydon and Bulloh, 1996; Duckworth 1997; Azlan, 2003; Heaney et al. 2004; Su Su, 2005; Wells et al. 2005; Than Zaw et al. in press ). Radio-tracking studies have revealed home-ranges of up to 17 km² for males and 1.6 km² for females (Dhungle and Edge , 1985; Rabinowitz, 1991; Joshi et al. 1995; Grassman, 1998).

In the Philippines the species has been recorded in agricultural (including coffee plantations) and forested areas from sea level up to at least 2,400 m asl (Balete and Heaney in press, Heaney et al. 1991 in press, Hoogstraal 1951, Rabor 1986, Thomas 1898) and in montane and mossy forest from 925-2150 m asl in Balbalasang, Kalinga Province (Heaney et al.
2004).

In Lao PDR, this species has been found in all habitats surveyed, from Mekong lowlands to montane areas, evergreen to deciduous forest to scrub (Duckworth et al. 1999). This species is adapted for forest living, yet it tolerates living in areas near humans; sleeping in barns, drains , or roofs during the day, and coming out at night to catch rats or forage for mango, coffee, pineapples, melons, and bananas, it also eats insects and mollusks (Lekagul and McNeely 1977). In Myanmar, it was recorded in mixed deciduous forest and a wide range of evergreen forest-dominated sites (Su Su, 2005, than Zaw et al. in press). This species was recorded in primary lowland rainforest in Tawau Hills National Park in Borneo by Wells et al. (2005). All Bornean civets (except Diplogale hosei) have been recorded in disturbed forest areas, though abundance declines in this habitat (Heydon and Bulloh, 1996; Colon, 2002; pers. comm. ). It was recorded in disturbed habitat in Malaysia by Ratnam et al. (1995). It was recorded in secondary forest, that was logged in the 1970s, and which surrounds a palm estate, in Malaysia in 2000-01 by Azlan (2003). This species is largely arboreal (Payne et al. 1985), crepuscular (Azlan, 2005) and nocturnal (e.g. Duckworth 1997). There is interesting variation across its mainland range in habitat use. In Lao PDR it occurs commonly deep within old-growth evergreen and semi-evergreen forest (Duckworth 1997) but it seems to avoid such habitat in the Western Ghats (Mudappa in press).[2].

List of Habitats:

•     1     Forest   
  
•     1.4     Forest - Temperate   
  
•     1.5     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     1.6     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland   
  
•     1.9     Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane   
  
•     3     Shrubland   
  
•     3.4     Shrubland - Temperate   
  
•     3.5     Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     3.6     Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist   
  
•     4     Grassland   
  
•     4.4     Grassland - Temperate   
  
•     4.5     Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry   
  
•     14     Artificial/Terrestrial   
  
•     14.1     Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land   
  
•     14.2     Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland   
  
•     14.3     Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations   
  
•     14.4     Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens   
  
•     14.6     Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest   
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Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Aug-2007

Many subspecies have been described (Corbet and Hill 1992) and a taxonomic revision is needed (Veron et al. in prep.). Paradoxurus lignicolor, endemic to the Mentawai islands, has a debated taxonomic status, being sometimes considered a separate species (Schreiber et al. 1989, Corbet and Hill 1992) or, as here, a subspecies of P. hermaphroditus (Wozencraft 2005); its taxonomic status needs re-evaluation.[2].

Similar Species

Members of the genus Paradoxurus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 4 species and subspecies in this genus:

P. hermaphroditus (Mentawai Palm Civet) · P. hermaphroditus lignicolor (Mentawai Palm Civet) · P. jerdoni (Jerdon's Palm Civit) · P. zeylonensis (Golden Palm Civit)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A catalogue of the collection of mammals in the Field Columbian Museum. 1907 8 Chicago: Field Columbian Museum, 1907. url p. 399, p. 637.
• A descriptive account of the mammals of Borneo. .. London[Edward Abbott]1893. url p. 21, p. 78.
• A geographical history of mammals. By R. Lydekker. .. Cambridge, The University press, 1896. url .
• A hand-book to the Carnivora. by Richard Lydekker. London: Allen, [1896] url p. 233, p. 234, p. 237.
• A handbook to the carnivora: part 1: cats, civets, and mongooses / by Richard Lydekker; edited by R. Bowdler Sharpe. London: E. Lloyd, 1896. url p. 233, p. 237.
• A naturalist in Borneo / by the late Robert W.C. Shelford; ed. with a biographical introduction by Edward B. Poulton. London: T.F. Unwin ltd., [1916]. url p. 328.
• A synopsis of the mammalian fauna of the Philippine Islands / Lawrence R. Heaney. .. [et al.]. 88 1998 [Chicago, Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, c1998. url p. 46.
• An introduction to the study of mammals living and extinct, London, A. and C. Black, 1891. url .
• Animal life and the world of nature: a magazine of natural history throughout the world. London: Hutchinson, 1902-1904. url p. 107.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. url p. 103, p. 117, p. 81, p. 85, p. 93, p. 99, p. 99.
• Aus dem reiche der pelze. bd. I: Geschichte des rauchwarenhandels. bd. II: Naturgeschichte der pelztiere. Von Emil Brass. Berlin, Im verlage der Neuen pelzwaren-zeitung[pref. 1911] url , , p. 579.
• Brehm's Life of animals: a complete natural history for popular home instruction and for the use of schools. by Alfred Edmund Brehm; copiously illustrated with wood cuts and color-plates by Fr. Specht. .. [et al]; translated from the third German edition as edited by Prof. Dr. Pechuel-Loesche and William H 1 1895 Chicago: Marquis, 1895. url figures , p. 144.
• Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. New YorkAmerican Museum of Natural History1881- url p. 188.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) url p. 170, p. 177, p. 27, p. 35.
• Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences Los Angeles, Calif.: The Academy, 1971- url p. 20, p. 26, p. 36.
• Catalogue of Mammalia in the Indian Museum, Calcutta / by John Anderson, Superintendent of the Indian Museum. Calcutta, 1881-1891. url p. 243, p. 244, p. 246.
• Catalogue of carnivorous, pachydermatous and edentate Mammalia. .. in the. .. Museum / by J.E. Gray London, 1869. url p. 61, p. 62, p. 65.
• Catalogue of mammalia in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, Calcutta, 1881-1891. url , , .
• Checklist of CITES Species CITES, WCMC url p. 129, p. 195.
• Checklist of CITES Species: a reference to the appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES url p. 100, p. 67, p. 78.
• Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946 / by J.R. Ellerman and T.C.S. Morrison-Scott. London: BM(NH), 1966. url p. 286, p. 287.
• Checklist of mammals listed in the CITES appendices and in EC Regulation 338/97 JNCC url p. 71.
• Directory of Wetlands of International Importance. IUCN url p. 304, p. 773.
• Directory of the proposed Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve: draft WCMC url .
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 349.
• Island life: or, the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras, including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates / London: Macmillan, 1911. url .
• Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft. Jena, Gustav Fischer [etc.]. url p. 177, p. 679.
• Journal of the Federated Malay States museums. Kuala Lumpur: F.M.S. Museums, 1906-1929. url p. 103.
• List of the vertebrated animals now or lately living in the gardens of the Zoological Society of London. London, Printed for the Society, 1896. url p. 65, p. 65.
• Mammalia, by W. T. Blanford, F. R. S. London: Taylor and Francis, 1888-91. url p. 106, p. 108, p. 108, p. 109, p. 109, p. 111, p. 111.
• Mammalian diversity on Mount Isarog: a threatened center of endemism on southern Luzon Island, Philippines / Lawrence R. Heaney. .. [et al.]. 95 1999 [Chicago, Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, c1999. url fig. 25 , p. 48.
• Mammals of Eastern Asia / by G.H.H. Tate. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1947. url p. 177.
• Mammals of the Pacific world / [by] T.D. Carter, J.E. Hill [and] G.H.H. Tate. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1945. url p. 90.
• Nature Reserves of the Himalaya and the Mountains of Central Asia IUCN url p. 250, p. 365, p. 467.
• Nature. London, Macmillan. url p. 491.
• On some parasitic laelaptoid mites (Acarina) of the Philippines. [Chicago]Chicago Natural History Museum, 1960. url p. 99.
• Papers on mammalogy, published in honor of Wilfred Hudson Osgood. 27 1941 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1941 url fig. 34 , p. 140, p. 198, p. 394, p. 8.
• Popular official guide to the New York zoological park / New York: New York zoological Society, 1915. url .
• Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta: [The Society]1865-1905. url p. 125.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 295, p. 410, p. 700, p. 702, p. 705, p. 708.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url p. 16.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url , , p. 269, p. 270, p. 442, p. 471, p. 479, p. 597, p. 610, p. 654, p. 820, p. 874.
• Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. London: Academic Press, [etc.], 1833-1965. url p. 329, p. 33, p. 389, p. 399, p. 401, p. 404, p. 529, p. 532, p. 613, p. 613, p. 67, p. 67, p. 73, p. 785, p. 785, p. 786, p. 790, p. 791, p. 791, p. 794, p. 794, p. 797, p. 799, p. 799, p. 800, p. 800, p. 801, p. 801, p. 802, p. 802, p. 803, p. 803, p. 803, p. 806, p. 916, p. 924, p. 927.
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• The animals of the world: Brehm's Life of animals; a complete natural history for popular home instruction and for the use of schools / by Alfred Edmund Brehm; copiously illustrated. .. by Fr. Specht. .. [et al.] Mammalia. Brought down and especially adapted for the use of English readers. Tr. from the 3d German edition as ed. by Chicago: A.N. Marquis & Co., 1895. url p. 142, p. 144.
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• The mammalian fauna on the islands at the northern tip of Sabah, Borneo / Shukor Md. Nor. 83 1996 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1996. url table 12 , table 14 , p. 1, p. 38, p. 41, p. 43, p. 47.
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• World Checklist of Threatened Mammals JNCC url p. 142, p. 76.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Duckworth, J.W., Widmann P., Custodio, C., Gonzalez, J.C., Jennings, A. & Veron, G. 2008. Paradoxurus hermaphroditus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 03February2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 18, 2007:

• Michigan State University Museum, Vertebrate specimens
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• OZCAM
• Provider, Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
• Royal Ontario Museum, Mammal specimens
• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
• , Mammal specimens
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Mammal Specimens

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 105792
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-726527
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13820136
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 621985
• IUCN ID: 229947
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 8868

Footnotes

1. Mean = 187.140 meters (613.976 feet), Standard Deviation = 679.880 based on 56 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
2. Duckworth, J.W., Widmann P., Custodio, C., Gonzalez, J.C., Jennings, A. & Veron, G. 2008. Paradoxurus hermaphroditus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 03 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.