Papilio memnon

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Papilionidae

'The Papilionidae belong to the Superfamily Papilionoidea, the true butterflies. Swallowtails are worldwide in distribution and comprise approximately 560 species. They are richest in the tropics, and their brilliant colors make them favorites of butterfly enthusiasts. Many swallowtail species, especially in the tropics, mimic other butterflies that are distasteful, while others are distasteful and cause birds and other vertebrate predators to regurgitate. Swallowtail adults are medium to large and may or may not have tails, while parnassian adults are medium, tailless, and have translucent wings . All adult parnassians and swallowtails have three pairs of walking legs , and adults of all species visit flowers for nectar.

'[1]

Subfamily Papilioninae

Swallowtails are members of the Family Papilionidae. They comprise about 560 species, have a worldwide distribution, and are richest in the tropics. Many are brilliantly colored and are favorites of butterfly enthusiasts. Many species, especially those in the tropics, mimic other butterflies that are distasteful, while others are distasteful and cause birds and other vertebrate predators to regurgitate. Adults are medium to large, may or may not have tails, and have three pairs of walking legs . Adults of all species visit flowers for nectar. Males of most species patrol for mates, while males of one group (Black, Old World, Anise, and Indra Swallowtails) perch on hilltops or ridges instead of patrolling . Swallowtails lay globular eggs and overwinter as pupae. Some species spend more than one year in the pupal stage, likely to survive drought years when little caterpillar food is available. In arid areas, the Black, Anise, and Indra Swallowtails often display this strategy.

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Papilio agenor Linnaeus • Papilio androgeos Cramer • Papilio laomedon Cramer • Papilio memnon f. anceus Niepelt • Papilio memnon f. clathratas Niepelt • Papilio memnon pryeri Rothschild • Papilio memnon var. agenor Rothschild • Papilio memnon var. heronus Fruhstorfer • Papilio memnon var. imperiosus Fruhstorfer • Papilio memnon var. sericatus Fruhstorfer

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: LT ([m ])

Last scrutiny: 13-Feb-2007

Similar Species

Members of the genus Papilio

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 81 species and subspecies in this genus:

P. aegus (Citrus Swallowtail) · P. anchisiades (Ruby-Spotted Swallowtail) · P. andraemon (Bahaman Swallowtail) · P. androgeus (Androgeus Swallowtail) · P. antimachus (African Giant Swallowtail) · P. appalachiensis (Appalachian Tiger Swallowtail) · P. aristodemus (Schaus' Swallowtail) · P. aristodemus ponceanus (Papilio Aristodemus) · P. aristor (Scarce Haitian Swallowtail) · P. astyalus (Broad-Banded Swallowtail) · P. brevicauda (Short-Tailed Swallowtail) · P. brevicauda bretonensis (Short-Tailed Swallowtail) · P. brevicauda brevicauda (Short-Tailed Swallowtail) · P. brevicauda gaspeensis (Short-Tailed Swallowtail) · P. caiguanabus (Poey's Black Swallowtail) · P. canadensis (Canadian Tiger Swallowtail) · P. chikae (Luzon Peacock Swallowtail) · P. cresphontes (Giant Swallowtail) · P. cyproeofila (Common White-Banded Swallowtail) · P. demodocus (Citrus Swallowtail) · P. demodocus demodocus (Citrus Swallowtail Butterfly) · P. demoleus (Checkered Swallowtail Butterfly) · P. echerioides (White-Banded Swallowtail) · P. eurymedon (Pale Swallowtail) · P. garamas abderus (Abderus Swallowtail) · P. garamus (Magnificent Swallowtail) · P. glaucus (Eastern Tiger Swallowtail) · P. glaucus australis (Tiger Swallowtail) · P. glaucus canadensis (Canadian Tiger Swallowtail) · P. glaucus garcia (Eastern Tiger Swallowtail) · P. glaucus glaucus (Eastern Tiger Swallowtail) · P. homerus (Homerus Swallowtail) · P. hospiton (Corsican Swallowtail) · P. hyppason (Hyppason Swallowtail) · P. indra (Indra Swallowtail) · P. indra calcicola (Indra Swallowtail) · P. indra fordi (Ford's Swallowtail) · P. indra kaibabensis (Grand Canyon Swallowtail) · P. indra martini (Martin's Swallowtail) · P. indra minori (Minor's Swallowtail) · P. indra panamintensis (Panamint Swallowtail) · P. indra pergamus (Edwards' Swallowtail) · P. indra phyllisae (Indra Swallowtail) · P. indra pygmaeus (Indra Swallowtail) · P. joanae (Ozark Swallowtail) · P. jordani (Jordan's Swallowtail) · P. leucotaenia (Cream-Banded Swallowtail) · P. machaon (Old World Swallowtail) · P. machaon aliaska (Alaskan Old World Swallowtail) · P. machaon bairdii (Baird's Swallowtail) · P. machaon hudsonianus (Hudsonian Old World Swallowtail) · P. machaon oregonius (Oregon Swallowtail) · P. memnon (Great Mormon Butterfly) · P. menatius (Menatius Swallowtail) · P. morondavana (Madagascan Emperor Swallowtail) · P. multicaudata (Two-Tailed Swallowtail) · P. multicaudata multicaudata (Two-Tailed Swallowtail) · P. multicaudatus (Two-Tailed Swallowtail) · P. ornythion (Ornythion Swallowtail) · P. palamedes (Palamedes Swallowtail) · P. palinurus (Emerald Swallowtail) · P. phorbanta (Papillon La Pature) · P. pilumnus (Three-Tailed Swallowtail) · P. polytes (Common Mormon) · P. polyxenes (Black Swallowtail) · P. polyxenes asterius (Black Swallowtail) · P. polyxenes coloro (Desert Black Swallowtail) · P. polyxenes asterius f. pseudoamericus (Black Swallowtail) · P. rogeri (Pink-Spotted Swallowtail) · P. rogeri pharnaces (Pink-Spotted Swallowtail) · P. rumanzovia (Scarlet Mormon Swallowtail) · P. rutulus (Western Tiger Swallowtail) · P. sjoestedti (Kilimanjaro Swallowtail) · P. thoas (Thoas Swallowtail) · P. torquatus (Torquatus Swallowtail) · P. troilus (Coastal Spicebush Swallowtail) · P. victorine (Victorine Swallowtail) · P. victorinus (Victorine Swallowtail) · P. xuthus (Xuthus Swallowtail) · P. zelicaon (Anise Swallowtail) · P. zelicaon nitra (Nitra Swallowtail)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A catalogue of the lepidopterous insects in the museum of the Hon. East-India company. By Thomas Horsfield. .. and Frederic Moore. .. London, W.H. Allen and Co., 1857-59. url p. 99.
• A hand-book to the order Lepidoptera. By W.F. Kirby. .. London, E. Lloyd, limited, 1896-1897. url .
• A handbook to the order Lepidoptera. By W. F. Kirby. London, E. Lloyd, limited, 1896-1897. url p. 299, p. 300.
• A natural history of the British Lepidoptera: a text-book for students and collectors / by J.W. Tutt. London: S. Sonnenschein, 1899-1904. url p. 78.
• A natural history of the British butterflies; their world-wide variation and geographical distribution. A text-book for students and collectors. London: E. Stock, [19--?] url p. 78.
• American forests. Washington [etc.]American Forestry Association [etc.] url p. 369.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. url p. 389.
• Bibliography (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) / Charles A. Bridges. Urbana, Ill.: C.A. Bridges, c1993. url p. 187, p. 2, p. 429, p. 73, p. 74.
• British journal of entomology and natural history. [London]: British Entomological and Natural History Society, 1988- url p. 82.
• Bulletin of the Hill Museum: a magazine of lepidopterology; Edited by J. J. Joicey. Issued at the Hill Museum, Wormley, Witley. London: John Bale, sons & Danielsson, 1921- url p. 379, p. 628.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 87 1941 Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, 1863- url p. 222.
• Butterflies. Vol. I-II. / By Lieut.-Colonel C. T. Bingham. Calcutta and Simla, Taylor and Francis;1905-1907. url p. 47.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- url p. 53, p. 63.
• Catalogue of Papilionidae & Pieridae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) / Charles A. Bridges. Urbana, Ill: C.A. Bridges, 1988. url p. 42.
• Catalogue of the collection of palaearctic butterflies formed by the late John Henry Leech, and presented to the trustees of the British Museum by his mother, Mrs. Eliza Leech, LondonPrinted order of the Trustees1902 url p. 204.
• Contributions to the theory of natural selection: a series of essays. New York: Macmillan, 1871. url p. 88.
• Entomological news, and proceedings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia[Entomological Rooms of the Academy of Natural Sciences] url p. 136, p. 136, p. 283, p. 89.
• Entomological news. [Philadelphia]American Entomological Society, 1925- url p. 108.
• Foreign butterflies / by James Duncan. 31 1858 Edinburgh: Henry G. Bohn, 1858. url p. 97, p. 98.
• Heredity and sex / by Thomas Hunt Morgan. New York, Columbia university press, 1914. url p. 151.
• Heredity and sex, by Thomas Hunt Morgan. .. New York, Columbia University Press, 1913. url p. 151.
• Heredity and sex. New YorkColumbia University Press1914 url p. 151.
• International catalogue of scientific literature. LondonPublished for the International Council by the Royal Society of London1901-1920 url p. 284.
• Journal of agricultural research. Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1913-1949.. url p. 147.
• Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society. Oxford [etc.]Royal Microscopical Society. url p. 405.
• Mimicry in butterflies, Cambridge, University Press, 1915. url , , .
• Mimicry in butterflies, by Reginald Crundall Punnett. .. Cambridge, University press, 1915. url p. 184, p. 26, p. 89.
• Mimicry in butterflies. CambridgeUniversity Press1915 url , p. 26, p. 89.
• Natural selection and tropical nature; essays on descriptive and theoretical biology, London and New York, Macmillan and Co., 1895. url , .
• Nature. London, Macmillan. url p. 4, p. 70.
• Proceedings and transactions of the South London Entomological & Natural History Society. London: The Society. url p. 31.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url p. 85, p. 85.
• Proceedings of the South London Entomological & Natural History Society. London [Eng]: South London Entomological and Natural history Society, [1897-1933] url p. 132, p. 71, p. 79, p. 79, p. 94, p. 95, p. 96.
• Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. London: Academic Press, [etc.], 1833-1965. url p. 405, p. 405, p. 641.
• Proceedings of the fourth International Congress of Zoology, Cambridge, 22-27 August, 1898. Ed. by Adam Sedgwick. London: Clay, 1899. url p. 233.
• Report of the proceedings of the third entomological meeting: held at Pusa on the 3rd to 15th February 1919 / edited by T. Bainbrigge Fletcher. Calcutta: Supt. of Government Printing, 1920. url p. 108.
• Report of the proceedings of the. .. Entomological meeting Calcutta;Superintendent government printing, India, 1917-24. url p. 210, p. 571, p. 906.
• Rhopalocera Malayana: a description of the butterflies of the Malay peninsula / by W.L. Distant. London: W.L. Distant, 1882-86. url p. 341, p. 342.
• Rhopalocera nihonica: a description of the butterflies of Japan. By H. Pryer. Yokohama, Office of the "Japan mail": pub. by the author[1886-89] url p. 4.
• Science-gossip. Berlin: R. Friedländer & Sohn, [1894]-1902. url p. 55.
• Spolia zeylanica. S.l.: s.n. url p. 16.
• The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. London, Taylor and Francis, Ltd. url p. 273, p. 410, p. 410.
• The Australian zoologist. Sydney, Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales url p. 44.
• The Entomologist's monthly magazine. Oxford [etc.]Entomologist's Monthly Magazine Ltd. [etc.] url p. 240.
• The Entomologist's record and journal of variation. s.l., s.n. url , , , p. 10, p. 122, p. 13, p. 14, p. 21, p. 243, p. 320.
• The Entomologist. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co., [1877- url p. 100, p. 189, p. 292, p. 43.
• The Gardeners' chronicle and agricultural gazette. 1864 London: published for the proprietors, 1844-1873. url p. 679.
• The Germ-plasm: a theory of heredity. Translated by W. Newton Parker and Harriet Rönnfeldt. New YorkScribner1893 url p. 477.
• The Hope reports. Oxford: Printed for private circulation, 1897-1958. url p. 96.
• The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Bombay: The Society, url p. 365.
• The Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club. [London: Quekett Microscopical Club, 1868]-1966. url p. 198.
• The Malay Archipelago: the land of the orang-utan and the bird of paradise: a narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature / London: Macmillan and Co., 1869 url p. 199, p. 20, p. 202, p. 519.
• The Malay archipelago: the land of the orang-utan and the bird of paradise: a narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature / by Alfred Russel Wallace. London; New York: Macmillan, 1890. url p. 15, p. 510, p. 98, p. 99.
• The Naturalist's library / edited by Sir William Jardine, bart., F.R.S.E., F.L.S., etc. etc. Dublin: J. Ainsworth. .. and all booksellers, [1845-1846] url p. 97, p. 98.
• The Review of applied entomology. Farnham Royal, Eng., etc.: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, etc. url p. 490.
• The University of Kansas science bulletin. 39 1958 [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. url p. 311.
• The genetic and the operative evidence relating to secondary sexual characters, by T. H. Morgan. WashingtonCarnegie Institution of Washington, 1919. url p. 53, p. 63.
• The standard natural history / edited by John Sterling Kingsley. Boston: S.E. Cassino, 1884-85. url .
• The standard natural history. Boston, S. E. Cassino and Company, 1884-85. url .
• The standard natural history. Ed. by John Sterling Kingsley. Boston: S.E. Cassino and company, 1884-85. url .
• Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: the IUCN Red Data Book IUCN url p. 10, p. 17.
• Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. London, The Society. url , , p. 3, p. 458, p. 70.
• Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. London: [The Society], 1879- url p. 553.
• True tales of the insects. .. / with forty-four illustrations by Margaret J. D. Badenoch. London: Chapman & Hall, ld., 1899. url p. 179, p. 181, p. 252, p. xiv, p. xviii.
• Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere Jena [Germany]:G. Fischer, c -1993. url p. 240.
• Zoology for high schools and colleges / New York: H. Holt and Company, 1895. url .

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.
• GloBIS (GART)
• GloBIS (GART): Global Butterfly Information System. Release date: November 23, 2008
• LepIndex: The Global Lepidoptera Names Index
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3915309
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Gar-291
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 632314

Footnotes

1. http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/taxonomy?f=14&sci=Papilionidae&com=Parnassians and Swallowtails [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.